2022届广东省广州市高三上学期12月阶段训练英语试卷（解析版）.docx

广东省广州市2022届高三上学期12月阶段训练英语试卷一、阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分) 阅读理解SmokejumpersEvery year, wildfires destroy millions of hectares of forest. Homes are damaged, and thousands of people die. Smokejumpers are helping to stop this.What is a smokejumper?Smokejumpers are a special type of firefighter. They jump from planes into areas that are difficult to reach by car or on foot, like the middle of a mountain forest. They race to put out fires as fast as they can.What do smokejumpers do?At a fire site, smokejumpers first examine the land and decide how to fight the fire. Their main goal is to stop a fire from spreading. Using basic equipment such as shovels and axes, smokejumpers clear land of burnable material like plants and other dry material. They carry water with them too, but only a limited amount.Who can be a smokejumper?Although the majority of smokejumpers are men, more women are joining. Most important are your height and weight. Smokejumpers employed in the U. S., for example, must be 120 to 200 pounds(54 to 91 kilograms), so they don*t get hurt when they land, or get blown by strong winds. Smokejumpers must also be capable of surviving in the wildness.The work is dangerous, and the hours are long. But for these firefighters, smoke jumping isn't just an occupation. They love being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As 28-year-old smokejumper Bob Smith says, "This is the best job for tough guys.”What is the first thing a smokejumper does after arriving at a fire site?A.Clear the land.B.Study the area.C.Look for water.D.Put out the fire.1. If you want to be a smokejumper, you must be.A.maleB.within a certain weightrangeC.able to fly a planeD.older than 28 years of ageFrom which website would you most probably find this text?答案解析部分【答案】1. BB2. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了 Smokejumpers (空降灭火消防员)的工作以及成为空降 灭火消防员的条件。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉 细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。1 .考查细节理解。根据 What do smokejumpers do?部分中的“At a fire site, smokejumpers first examine the land and decide how to fight the fire.”在着火地点，空降灭火消防员首先查看地形，然后决定怎样灭 火。可知，空降灭火消防员在到达着火地点后，首先要做的是分析研究地形。故选B。2 .考查细节理解。根据 Who can be a smokejumper?部分中的“Most important are your height and weight. Smokejumpers employed in the U. S., for example, must be 120 to 200 pounds(54 to 91 kilograms), so they don't get hurt when they land”重要的因素是你的身高和体重。在美国被雇佣的空降灭火消防员必须在 120200磅，即：591公斤，以便于你不被强风刮走，或者着陆后受伤。可知，要成为空降灭火 消防员，身高和体重必须达到一定的范围。故选B。3 .考查推理判断。根据第一段中“Smokejumpers are helping to stop this.”阻止火灾发生的是空降灭火消 防员可知，本文在讲空降灭火消防员的职业，因此要在职业种类的网站上去浏览。故选A。【答案】4. CA5. DC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，本文介绍了挪威的冰音乐节以及发展的历史。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和写作意图三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考 生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选 出正确答案。4 .考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“This cool idea began in 1999, when musician Teije Isungset played music inside a frozen waterfall. The amazing sounds that he heard led him to start using ice as a musical instrument. ”这个很酷的想法始于1999年，当时音乐家Terje Isungset在冰冻的瀑布中演奏音乐。他 听到的惊人声音使他开始使用冰作为乐器。故选C。5 .考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"To prepare the frozen instruments, Isungset hunts for the best natural sources of ice. He tests each source of ice by cutting out a piece, tapping it with his finger, and listening to the sound it produces. Experience tells him whether the ice will make a good instrument.“为 了 准备冷冻仪 器，伊松塞特寻找最好的天然冰源。他通过切下一块来测试每个冰源，用手指敲击它，然后听它发出 的声音。经验告诉他，冰是否能成为好乐器。故选A。6 .考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Each year, the goal of the festival is to challenge musicians to make creative music when playing these one-of-a-kind ice instruments.”每年，音乐节的目标都是挑战音乐家在 演奏这些独一无二的冰乐器时制作创意音乐。故选D。7 .考查写作意图。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一种新的和原创的音乐类型冰音乐，故选C。【答案】8. CB9. DD【解析】【分析 1本文是一篇说明文，介绍了多年争论后灰狼被重新引进到黄石国家公园，这样做保持 了当地的生态平衡。也为生物学家以后在其他地方重新引进狼群提供了借鉴。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考 生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选 出正确答案。8 .考查段落大意o 根据第二段"Gray wolves once roamed throughout the Yellowstone area. But they were gradually displaced by human development and hunted by farmers for killing livestock（牲畜）.By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They moved farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there was less contact with humans.”灰狼曾经在整个黄石地区漫游。但他们逐渐被人类 发展所取代，被农民猎杀牲畜。到1920年代，狼实际上已经从黄石地区消失了。他们向北移动到加 拿大的深处，那里与人类的接触较少。可知第二段介绍了灰狼是如何被迫离开它们的家园黄石地区的。故选Co.考查推理判断。根据第三段"The disappearance of the wolves had many consequences. Deer populations a major food source for the wolf grew rapidly without their usual enemy. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation, which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote（小里于 狼）populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park's red fbxes.“狼的消失带 来了许多后果。鹿种群狼的主要食物来源在没有通常的敌人的情况下迅速增长。这些动物消 耗了大量的植被，从而降低了公园内的植物多样性。在没有狼的情况下，小野狼的数量也迅速增长。 小野狼杀死了公园里大部分的赤狐。可知第三段解释了造成结果的原因，故选B。9 .考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves into Yellowstone, hoping that they would be able to control the deer and coyote problems.”早在1966年，生物学家就要求政府考虑将狼重新引入黄石公园，希望它们能够控制鹿和 小野狼的问题。故选D。10 .考查推理判断，根据最后一段中的"The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.”黄石彳良项 目 直 是一项有价值的实验，可帮助生物学家决定是否将狼也重新引入该国其他地区。可推知黄石的狼计划 使狼群和公园受益。故选D。【答案】12. AB13. AD【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明婴儿似乎知道如何帮助有需要的人。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考 生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选 出正确答案。12 .考查词义猜测。根据第一段“Babies appear to know how to help those in need, according to researchers who studied signs of altruism in almost 100 children.”据研究了近100名儿童利他主义迹象的研究人员 称，婴儿似乎知道如何帮助有需要的人；以及“Researchers who wanted to see whether children would give up their food to a stranger without encouragement found the kids did just that - even when they were hungry."想看看孩子们是否会在没有鼓励的情况下将食物交给陌生人的研究人员发现，孩子们就是这 样做的即使他们饿了。可推知altruism是“利他/无私）的行为”，故选A。13 .考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"In contrast, researchers in the test group pretended to drop the fruit on the plate, then tried and failed to reach it. This signaled to the child that the adult wanted the fbod."相比之下， 测试组的研究人员假装将水果掉在盘子上，然后尝试并没有拿到。这向孩子发出了成年人想要食物的 信号； 以及第四段“Among the control group, only 4 percent of the children gave the piece of fruit to the researchers, compared with 58 percent, or over half, in the test group.”在对照组中,只有 4% 的孩子将水 果给了研究人员，而在测试组中，这一比例为58%,或超过一半。可推知他们能理解求助信号。故选Bo14 .考查推理判断。根据第四段"Among the control group, only 4 percent of the children gave the piece of fruit to the researchers, compared with 58 percent, or over half, in the test group.”在对照组中，只有 4% 的 孩子将水果给了研究人员，而在测试组中，这一比例为58%,或超过一半；以及第五段“Next, the team explored if children would still be generous when it was at a cost to themselves. The first set of experiments was repeated with a separate group of kids before their lunchtime, when they were likely to be hungry.Similarly, 37 percent of the test group handed over their fruit, compared with none in the control group.“接 卜 来，该团队探索了孩子们在付出代价时是否仍然会慷慨。第一组实验在午餐时间之前对另一组孩子重 复，当时他们可能饿了。同样，37%的测试组交出了他们的水果，而对照组则没有。可知选A。15 .考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“These social experiences that shape attitudes towards sharing appear to have an effect very early in life.”这些社会塑造分享态度的经历似乎在生命的早期就产生了影响。故选 Do【答案】16. B； 17. E； 18. F； 19. D； 20. G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了久坐对健康的影响，建议人们走动起来。【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇健康类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文 的理解和推理判断能力。16 .根据空前“Are you sitting more than ever? ”你坐得比以往任何时候都多吗？；以及空后“YouTe probably sitting while reading this. Sometimes you sit when you are driving or attending a meeting. Other times you sit when you engage yourself in watching a movie or playing computer games. That*s undoubtedly a lot of sitting. ”您可能正在坐着阅读本文。有时您在开车或参加会议时会坐着。其他时候，你会坐着 看电影或玩电脑游戏。这无疑是坐了很多。可知此处要介绍人们坐着的时刻，B. Take a moment to think about your sitting activities.“花点时间想想你的坐姿活动。”承上启下，符合语境，故选B。17 .根据空前“The fact is, the amount of time spent sitting has increased over time.”事实上，坐着的时间随 着时间的推移而增加。可知此处列举人们坐的时间长短，E. As of today, average adult will spend 56-86% of their daily time sitting.”截至今天，普通成年人每天将花费56-86%的时间坐着。“承接上文，符合语 境，故选E。18 . 根据空前“We know sitting too much is bad, and most of us naturally feel a little guilty after a long-time TV watching. "我们知道久坐是不好的，我们大多数人在长时间看电视后自然会感到有点内疚；以及空 后“A study on nearly 8,000 adults suggests that there's a direct relationship between the time spent sitting and our risk of early death of any cause.一项针对近8,000名成年人的研究表明，久坐时间与我们因任 何原因过早死亡的风险之间存在直接关系。可知此处说明久坐会出现什么问题,F.But what exactly goes wrong when we park ourselves for nearly eight hours per day?"但是，当我们每天停车近八个小时时，至U 底出了什么问题？ ”承上启下，符合语境，故选F。19 .根据空前“'Sit less, move more'is what the Heart Association encourages us to do.少坐多动”是心脏 协会鼓励我们做的事情；以及空后“Exercise guidelines are always more practical.”运动指南总是更实用 可知此处谈及的是健康指南，D. But this guideline is just too simple and abstract to make a difference.“但 是这个指导方针过于简单和抽象，无法有所作为。“承上启下，符合语境，故选D。20 .根据空前“We need similar guidelines for sitting."我们需要类似的有关坐的指南，以及空后“It would probably be like, for every 30 continuous minutes of sitting, stand up and move or walk for five minutes at a quick pace.”这可能就像是，每连续30分钟坐着，站起来移动或快速行走5分钟，可知此处指要进 步完善指南,G. To make up for the weakness, a research team is working on a more specific guideline”为 了弥补这个弱点，一个研究团队正在制定更具体的指南。”符合语境，故选G。【答案】21. B； 22. C； 23. D； 24. B； 25. A； 26. A； 27. C； 28. B； 29. D； 30. A； 31. B；32. D； 33. C； 34. A； 35. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己牙疼去看牙医的经历。牙医为了减轻病人看病时 的痛苦，在天花板上设计了一幅美术作品让病人欣赏，由此作者感悟到：要设身处地为他人着想。【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查， 是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推 理，从而选出正确答案。21 .句意：我的牙齿在痛，我和一个朋友吵了一架。A： discussion”讨论"；B： argument”争论，争吵”； C： negotiation”谈判，协商"D： meeting"会议根据下文“Her words still hurt J You never put yourself in my place. Can*t you see things from my point of view?9 ”她的话很伤人，“你从来没有设身处地为我着想。 难道你不能站在我的角度看事情吗？ ”可知他们在争吵，故选B。22 .句意：句意：我固执地摇了摇头，感到牙疼。A： warning“警告"；B： bitterness“痛苦”；C： pain“疼”； D： danger "危险根据上文“My tooth was aching while my dentist was on holiday"我的牙医在度假时我 的牙齿很痛，故选C.句意：实在是难以忍受，A： impossible“不可能的"；B： irresistible”极具诱惑力的"；C： unreasonable“不 合理的“；D： unbearable"难以忍受的根据下文“I started calling the dentists in the phone book, but no one could see me immediately.”我开始给电话簿上的牙医打电话，但没有人能立即接待我。可知作者牙疼难 以忍受，故选D。23 .句意：最后，大约在午餐时间，我很幸运。A： Besides"而且"；B： Finally“最后”；C： Lately"最 近“；D： Therefore“因此根据下文 “the receptionist saidjthe dentist will fit you in.'”牙医会给你安排 时间的。可知最终有牙医给作者看牙，故选B。24 .句意：“如果你现在过来，”接待员说，“牙医会给你安排时间的。"A： come over“过来”；B： pass on"相传"；C： show ofF炫耀"；D： settle down”解决，安定下来根据空后“the dentist w川 fit you in.” 牙医会给你安排时间的，可知选A。25 .句意：但突然间，我开始怀疑牙医。A： doub俨怀疑“；B： care“关心”;C： learn“学”；D： talk“谈 论“。根据下文“What kind of dentist would be so eager to 7 someone at such short notice? Why wasn't he as 8 as the others?”什么样的牙医会如此渴望在如此短的时间内给人治疗？为什么他 不像其他人那样忙？可推知作者有所怀疑，故选A。26 .句意：什么样的牙医会如此渴望在如此短的时间内给人治疗？ A： believe“相信”；B： contact“连 接,联系耳C： trea俨治疗,对待用D： visit”参观,拜访作者来此是治疗牙疼的,可知选C。27 .句意:为什么他不像其他人那样忙？ A： proud“骄傲的"；B： busy“繁忙的"；C： skilled“熟练的”； D： careful“小心的”。根据上文，没有牙科医生有时间给作者看病，可推知这位医生有时间，故选B。28 .句意：当我在牙医的办公室里时，我只看到光秃秃的墙壁，我变得更加担心。A： eager“热情的”； B： confident”有信心的"；C： curious“好奇的"；D： worried"担心的"。根据下文“When I told her my fears, she laughed, nDonft worry. The dentist is very good.”当我告诉她我的恐惧时,她笑了，“别担心，牙医很 好。”可知作者是担心的，故选D。29 .句意:助理注意到我的紧张，将温暖的手放在我冰冷的手上。A： noticed“注意到”；B： examined“检 查”;C： ignored“忽视”;D： reduced"减少”。根据空后“and placed her warm hand over my ice-cold one.” 将温暖的手放在我冰冷的手上。可知道助手注意到了作者的紧张，故选A。30 .句意：躺下来放松一下。欣赏艺术品。A： paint“绘画”；B： relax“放松”；C： sleep“睡觉”；D： smile“微 笑”。作者现在是紧张、担心、害怕，所以助理让作者躺下来放松一下。故选A。31 .句意：“艺术品？”我很困惑。A： annoyed“恼火"；B： frightened“害怕的"；C： embarrassed”尴尬 的"；D： confused"困惑的”。在此种情况下，让自己欣赏艺术品，作者感到有点迷惑。故选D。32 .句意:有一幅美丽的图画,就在我可以欣赏的地方：在天花板上。A： wall“墙”;B： door“门”；C： ceiling“天花板”；D： floor“地板”。根据看牙医，脸应该向上，看到的是天花板，故选C。33 .句意：这位牙医考虑得多么周到啊！ A： considerate”考虑周至II的"；B： imaginative“富有想象力的”； C： professional"职业的"；D： patient“有耐心的”。根据上文可知，这个诊所的安排实际上是非常的体 贴人。故选C。34 .句意：那一刻,我明白了我朋友的意思。A： heard“听见”；B： remembered“记住”；C： understood”理 解"；D： valued“珍视"。根据“How 14 the dentist was! ”这位牙医考虑得多么周到啊!可知作者 明白了朋友的意思，故选C。【答案】36. to look； 37. themselves； 38. how； 39. architects； 40. to； 41. including； 42. peaceful； 43. recycled； 44. were built； 45. a【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了现代建筑设计的发展趋势。【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，代词，表语从句，名词，介词，形容词，时态语 态，冠词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文 的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。35 .句意：以至于到上世纪末，世界上许多大城市的中心开始看起来很相似。beigin to do,固定短语， “开始做”，不定式作宾语,故填to look。36 .句意：随着我们进入21世纪，许多设计师开始问自己：这就是我们希望我们的城市看起来的样 子吗？此处反身代词作宾语，指代many designers,故填themselveso.句意：随着我们进入21世纪，许多设计师开始问自己：这就是我们希望我们的城市看起来的样 子吗？此处是how引导的表语从句，how作状语，故填how。37 .句意：一些建筑师通过将传统设计元素融入他们的摩天大楼来回答这些问题。architect“建筑师。 可数名词，根据空前some,可知应用复数形式，故填architects。38 .句意：其他人正在回归当地传统，通常是当地材料。return to固定短语，“返回到，回到”，故填 tOo.句意：中国传统建筑，包括住宅，内部通常都有绿地。including是介词，“包括”，此处作定语, 故填 includingo39 .句意：王说，对中国人来说，最重要的是“住在一个有树木、有水、有家人的宁静之地。”此处形 容词修饰名词place,作定语，故填peaceful o.句意:一些建筑物包含数百年前建造的建筑的回收砖和瓷砖。recycle与bricks在逻辑上构成动宾 关系，过去分词表被动，此处作定语，故填recycled。40 .句意：一些建筑物包含数百年前建造的建筑的回收砖和瓷砖。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，与先 行词constructions之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，结合时间状语hundreds of years ago,应用一般过 去时，故填were built o.句意：王认为，这就是赋予建筑精神并使其充满活力的原因。此处是泛指，应用不定冠词，故填ao.答案 The Chongyang Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar. Nine, as the biggest single number, represents long life and happiness. That's why China celebrates Senior Citizen*s Day on the ninth of the ninth. It symbolizes respect and love for the old.As our population ages, its more important than ever that the elderly are well taken care of. Young people should keep their parents or grandparents company regularly. As a society we should build more nursing homes where the elderly can be safe and enjoy their retirement together.Hopefully, by working together we can improve the latter years of our senior citizens. After their lifetime of hard work, it's the least they deserve.【解析】【分析】本题是一篇说明文写作，要求考生写一篇英语短文参赛。写作背景：为迎接一年一度 的重阳节，学校英文报举办以”关爱老人"为主题的征文比赛。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文， 内容包括：1）重阳节的意义；2）如何关爱老人；3）期望与呼吁。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适 当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。 需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合 逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档 次。【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用 了语句间的连接成分,使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：That's why China celebrates Senior Citizen's Day on the ninth of the ninth. 运用 了 表语从句；As our population ages, it's more important than ever that the elderly are well taken care of.运用 了 时间状语从句，比较状语从句； As a society we should build more nursing homes where the elderly can be safe and enjoy their retirement together.运用 了 时 间状语从句；After their lifetime of hard work, it's the least they deserve.运用 了 时间状语从句。41 .答案 'TH buy it now but you only get it after 3 weeks of double chores, HMom explained. I agreed immediately and Mom bought the flowery basket and kept it somewhere I couldn't find. Each day, 1 finished my new routine of double household chores with passion and enthusiasm. Each night, I crossed off another day on the calendar as I counted down the days. As the days passed, the basket seem