江西省南昌市重点中学2022-2023学年高二上学期9月返校测试英语试题（解析版）.docx

南昌市重点中学2022-2023学年高二上学期9月返校测试英语试卷解析版第一局部听力（略）第二局部：阅读理解（共两节，总分值50分）第一节（共15小题;每题2.5分，总分值37.5分）阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。These 4 novels will get your summer off to a terrific startThis Time Tomorrowby Emma StraubStraub's new novel is a time-travel fantasy filled with her signature awareness of the infinite ways we humans make life harder for ourselves. The heroine here is a single woman named Alice who works at her old high school. Her father, a bestselling novelist who raised Alice on his own, is dying in a New York hospital. On the night of Alice's 40th birthday, Alice returns from a drunken party and stumbles into the gift of time travel, which allows her to explore the big question, "What if" ?Searchby Michelle HunevenHuneven's comic novel is a delicious must-read for anyone who's ever served on a committee. The narrator, Dana Potowski, is a food writer living in California who's roped into joining the search committee for the new minister of the church. Huneven dramatizes how one strong personality-in this case a young woman swollen with insolence-can control a committee.One-Shot Harryby Gary PhillipsIt's really hard to get stem cells to grow on the space station.A. The heart cells were easy to froze and thaw on the space station.B. Zero gravity is ideal for stem cells to grow.C. It is costly to grow stem cells.15. What can the new findings contribute to?A. Test novel treatmentsB. Eliminate drug tradeC. Cure all heart diseasesD. develop the heat cells in a safer way【答案】12.D13. B 14. C 15. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 SpaceX的第20次任务升空到国际空间站所进行的实验，并对实验 的背景和所具有的重大意义进行了介绍。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段 “When SpaceX 20th mission lifted off to the International Space Station, beating heart cells were along for the ride. After 22 days, the heart cells were returned to Earth - and they were still beating. This experiment marks a significant step toward helping heart patients on Earth in the future.（当 SpaceX 的第20次任务升空到国际空间站时，跳动的心脏细胞随之而来。22天后，心脏细胞被送回地球，它们仍 然在跳动。这项实验标志着在未来帮助地球上的心脏病患者迈出了重要的一步）可知这个实验标志着在 未来帮助地球上的心脏病患者迈出了重要的一步，即对地球上的心脏病患者意义重大；应选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段 “When her experiment using simulated zero-gravity on Earth showed promising steps toward quickly and safely producing cardiomyocytes, Xu saw space as the proving ground. Her experiment was chosen to fly on the space station in order to determine how the absence of gravity impacts stem cells that are essentially turned into heart cells.（当她在地球上使用模拟零重力进行的实验显示出快速平安地生产心肌细胞 的有希望的步骤时，Xu将太空视为试验场。她的实验被选中在空间站上飞行，以确定没有重力如何影响 干细胞，这些干细胞根本上变成了心脏细胞）可知Xu把她的实验送上太空的原因是为了测试在无重力的情况如何影响干细胞使其加速变成心脏细胞，即测试一种加速干细胞生长的方法；应选B项。【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段 “When these live cells returned to Earth, Xu and her colleagues discovered that the stem cells grow faster in zero gravity.（当这些活细胞返回地球时，Xu和她的同事发现干细胞在失重状态下 生长得更快）可知在失重状态下，干细胞生长的更快，即失重状态对干细胞的生长是理想的；应选C 项。【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段 “This rapid ability to grow cardiomyocytes could generate a large number of healthy heart cells for children and adults with various heart diseases. With these new findings, the research could lead a more efficient and cost-effective way to develop the heart cells on Earth for patients in need. The cells have great potential to treat children and adults.（这种快速生长心肌细胞的能力可以为患有各种心脏病的儿童和成人 产生大量健康的心脏细胞。有了这些新发现，这项研究可以引导一种更有效和更具本钱效益的方式来为有 需要的患者产生地球上的心脏细胞。这些细胞具有治疗儿童和成人的巨大潜力）可知这个实验发现的这 种快速生长心肌细胞可以为各种心脏病儿童和成人产生健康心细胞，这项研究可以引导一种更有效和更具 本钱效益的方式来产生需要的心脏细胞，所谓更有效和更具本钱效益的方式即一种新的治疗方法。故这个 实验的奉献就是为这些心脏病患者测试出了心的治疗方法；应选A项。第二节（共5小题;每题2.5分，总分值12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。16 The great animal migration across the plains of the Serengeti or the towering pyramids of Egypt are such examples. Every country can be proud of its cultural or natural heritage sites. They have been well protected, so the living people can enjoy them today. 17 We are lucky to have UNESCO to regard protection of heritages as such an important task. It sees heritage as "our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations" as well as "important sources of life and inspiration".18 As a national park and nature reserve, Jiuzhaigou Valley, just north of the Sichuan Province, is home to impressive snow-covered mountains, thick forests alive with wild animals, beautiful waterfalls and blue lakes, which can easily take our breath away. 19 Similarly, standing in the shadow of the BorobudurTemple, as the sun rises over this grand historic building, we are impressed with the effort, determination andintense belief of the people who built it with only primitive tools. It is in places like these that we cannot help but be respectful, come to understand our limitations as human beings, and know that our duty is to protect them for future generations.Heritage sites not only often provide answers to questions, but also often pose questions to which there are no final answers at the moment. 20 As Cicero remarked, uTo know nothing about what happened before you were born is to remain always a child.”They show people history and culture.A. Heritage sites are masterpieces of our nature.B. They make us think about our time on the earth.C. And future generations can know where they're from.D. There are certain things on the Earth we must not lose.E. This dreamlike scenery created by nature is truly a masterpiece.F. Heritage sites can show the power of nature and the genius of man.【答案】16.E17. D 18. G 19. F 20. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了地球上的文化或自然遗产的重要作用和意义。【16题详解】根据后文 “The great animal migration across the plains of the Serengeti or the towering pyramids of Egypt are such examples. Every country can be proud of its cultural or natural heritage sites. They have been well protected, so the living people can enjoy them today.（穿越塞伦盖蒂平原或埃及高耸的金字塔的动物大迁徙就是这样的例 子。每个国家都可以为其文化或自然遗产感到自豪。它们得到了很好的保护，所以活着的人今天可以享受 它们）可知，后文列举了例子来说明地球上的某些东西我们不能失去，故E选项“地球上有些东西是我们 不能失去的符合语境，应选E。【17题详解】根据上文 “The great animal migration across the plains of the Serengeti or the towering pyramids of Egypt are such examples. Every country can be proud of its cultural or natural heritage sites. They have been well protected, so the living people can enjoy them today.（穿越塞伦盖蒂平原或埃及高耸的金字塔的动物大迁徙就是这样的例 子。每个国家都可以为其文化或自然遗产感到自豪。它们得到了很好的保护，所以活着的人今天可以享受 它们）” 以及后文 "We are lucky to have UNESCO to regard protection of heritages as such an important task. It sees heritage as “our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations” as well as "important sources of life and inspiration”.（联合国教科文组织将保护遗产视为如此重要的任务，这是 我们的幸运。它认为遗产是“我们从过去留下的遗产，我们今天生活的东西，以及我们传给子孙后代的东 西，也是“生命和灵感的重要来源）可知，本句承接上文说明这些文化或自然遗产得到保护的意义， 后文提到了传给后代，即后代可以知道他们来自哪里。故D选项“后代可以知道他们来自哪里符合语 境，应选D。【18题详解】根据后文 “As a national park and nature reserve, Jiuzhaigou Valley, just north of the Sichuan Province, is home to impressive snow-covered mountains, thick forests alive with wild animals, beautiful waterfalls and blue lakes, which can easily take our breath away.（作为一个国家公园和自然保护区，九寨沟位于四川省北部，拥有令人 印象深刻的雪山、茂密的森林和野生动物，美丽的瀑布和蓝色的湖泊，很容易让我们屏住呼吸）可知，后 文举出了九寨沟的例子来说明遗产遗址的作用之一是展示自然的力量。故G选项“遗产遗址可以展示自然 的力量和人类的天才符合语境，应选G。【19题详解】不艮据上文 “As a national park and nature reserve, Jiuzhaigou Valley, just north of the Sichuan Province, is home to impressive snow-covered mountains, thick forests alive with wild animals, beautiful waterfalls and blue lakes, which can easily take our breath away.（作为一个国家公园和自然保护区，九寨沟位于四川省北部，拥有令人 印象深刻的雪山、茂密的森林和野生动物，美丽的瀑布和蓝色的湖泊，很容易让我们屏住呼吸）可知，上 文提到了九寨沟的自然美景，可知本句承接上文对此进行评价。故F选项“大自然创造的梦幻风景真是杰 作符合语境，应选F。【20题详解】根据上文 uHeritage sites not only often provide answers to questions, but also often pose questions to which there are no final answers at the moment.（遗产遗址不仅经常提供问题的答案，而且经常提出目前没有最终答案的问题） 以及后文 “As Cicero remarked, "To know nothing about what happened before you were bom is to remain always a child.（正如西塞罗所说：“对你出生前发生的事一无所知，就等于永远是个孩子。） 可知，本句承接上文继续说明遗产遗址的作用，C选项中They指代上文Heritage sites。故C选项“它们让 我们思考我们在地球上的时光符合语境，应选C。第二局部：语言知识运用（共两节，总分值30分）第一节（共15小题，每题1分，总分值15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最 正确选项。When Alexa couldn't crawl, stand or walk as a baby, her mother sensed that something was wrong.21 、doctors told her not to worry - perhaps Alexa was just a “lazy baby” . After seeing a specialist,though, Alexa was 22 with a rare disease called spinal muscular atrophy （SMA）, which affects the central nervous system and the 23 in the body.Throughout Alexa?s childhood and adolescence, there were no approved medications to 24 SMA. It was a tough 25 to face as a kid. Her muscles continued to weaken over time. But as she grew she began to wonder what she could accomplish despite living with SMA.Alexa was outgoing and loved to exercise her 26 through pretend play and performing. This27 spirit led her to work as a child 28. appearing in movies, television shows and commercials.With hard work and determination, Alexa graduated from high school. 29 home to attend college and then went on to law school, where she 30 an experimental drug for SMA that was in clinical 31.Finally she received the first-ever approved treatment to slow the 32 of her disease.Now, Alexa works as an entertainment lawyer for a Hollywood production company, ensuring child performers 33 the help they need to navigate the industry. Although Alexa doesn't let her SMA define her, it has certainly 34 who she is today: optimistic, courageous and 35、leading Alexa to get asmuch out of life as she can.21. A. InitiallyB. GraduallyC. SuddenlyD. FinallyA. associatedB. infectedC. filledD. diagnosed22. A. bonesB. cellsC. musclesD. organsA. treatB. preventC. keepD. controlA. timeB. realityC. worldD. lifeA. bodyB. powerC. languageD. imagination23. A. adventurousB. holyC. freeD. competitiveA. lawyerB. athleteC. actorD. patientA. gotB. leftC. movedD. returnedA. tried outB. talked aboutC. heard aboutD. fought for24. A. samplesB. settingsC. trialsD. applicationsA. endB. riskC. spreadD. progressionA. offerB. receiveC. knowD. sendA. realizedB. decidedC. rememberedD. shaped25. A. determinedB. talentedC. learnedD. qualified【答案】21.A22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. C 31.C 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了从小患有脊髓性肌萎缩症的小女孩Alexa勇敢面对生活的挑战，经 过不懈的努力以及坚决的意志，最后战胜命运，取得理想人生的故事。21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最初，医生告诉她不要担忧，也许Alexa只是一个“懒孩子。4Initially最 初地；B. Gradually 逐渐地；C. Suddenly 突然地；D. Finally 最后。根据后文 u After seeing a specialist, though, Alexa was 2 with a rare disease called spinal muscular atrophy (SMA),Z 可知，一开始，医生并没 有诊断出Alexa患病，应选Ao【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在看了专家之后，Alexa患有一种罕见的疾病，称为脊髓性肌萎缩 (SMA)。A. associated 联系；B. infected 感染；C. filled 充满；D. diagnosed 诊断。Alexa 去看了专家，所以应当是被专家诊断出患了脊髓性肌萎缩，应选D。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:影响中枢神经系统和身体肌肉。A.bones骨头；B. cells细胞;C.muscles肌 肉；D. organs器官。根据前文“a rare disease called spinal muscular atrophy”可知，该疾病会影响人的肌 肉，应选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有批准的药物治疗SMA。A. treat治疗；B. prevent阻止；C. keep保持；D. control控制。根据前文“medications”可知，药物是用来治疗SMA疾病的,应选A。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个孩子，这是一个不幸的现实。随着时间的推移，她的肌肉继续变弱。A. time 时间；B. reality 现实；C. world 世界;D. life 生命。根据前文 “there were no approved medications to 4 SMA."以及后文 "Her muscles continued to weaken over time."可知，Alexa 要面对没有药物治疗疾 病，肌肉不断萎缩的情况，这些都是现实，无法改变，应选B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Alexa性格外向，喜欢通过假装游戏和表演锻炼身体。A. body身体；B. power 力量；C. language 语言；D. imagination 想象力。根据后文 “through pretend play and performing.”可矢口， Alexa因为身体疾病不能自由活动，只能假装游戏和表演，这可以锻炼她的想象力，应选D。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种敢于创新的精神使她成为一名儿童演员，出演电影、电视节目和商业广 告。A. adventurous创新的，冒险的；B. holy神圣的；C.free免费的；D. competitive竞争的。根据前文“Alexa was outgoing and loved to exercise her 6 through pretend play and performing. 可知，Alexa 虽 不能自由活动，但用假装游戏和表演这种富有创新精神的方式锻炼身体，应选A。【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种敢于创新的精神使她成为一名儿童演员，出演电影、电视节目和商业广 告。A. lawyer 律师；B. athlete 运发动；C. actor 演员;D. patient 病人。根据后文 “appearing in movies, television shows and commercials."可知，Alexa出现在电影，电视节目和商业广告中，所以Alexa是一名 儿童演员，应选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：凭借努力和决心，Alexa高中毕业，离家上大学，然后进入法学院。A.got得 到；B. left 离开；C. moved 移动；D. returned 返回；根据前文 u Alexa graduated from high school”和后文uattend college and then went on to law school”可知,Alexa高中毕业后离开家去上大学,应选B。【30题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她在那里听说了一种治疗SMA的实验药物，该药物正在进行临床试验。A. tried out 试用；B. talked about 谈论；C. heard about 听说；D. fought for 为而战。根据后文 “that wasin clinical 11 . 可知，该药还处于临床实验阶段未投入使用，所以Alexa应当是听说了关于这个 药物的实验，应选C。31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在那里听说了一种治疗SMA的实验药物，该药物正在进行临床试验。A. samples 样本；B. settings 设置；C. trials 试验；D. applications 应用程序。根据后文 “Finally she received the first-ever approved treatment to slow the 12 of her disease., 可知，Alexa 最后服用量经过批准的药 物，说明Alexa在听说这个药物时，该药物还没有通过批准，应当是处于实验阶段，应选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，她接受了有史以来第一次批准的治疗，以减缓病情的进展。A.end结 束；B. risk冒险；C.spread传播；D. progression进展，开展。根据语境可知，Alexa服用药物的目的是减 缓病情的开展，应选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：确保儿童演员得到他们在这个行业中所需要的帮助。A. offer提供；B. receive 收到，接收;C. know 知道；收 send 送。根据前文 Now, Alexa works as an entertainment lawyer for aHollywood production company/，可知，Alexa在一家好莱坞制作公司担任娱乐律师，律师的职责向他人提供帮助，确保他人得到帮助，保护自身利益，应选B。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这无疑塑造了她今天的形象。A. realized意识到；B.decided决定；C. remembered 记住；D. shaped 塑造。 根据后文 “who she is today: optimistic, courageous and 15,leading Alexa to get as much out of life as she can.,z 可知，疾病让 Alexa 成为了她自己，塑造了她的品格，应 选D。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Alexa不让她的SMA定义她，但它确实塑造了她今天的样子：乐观、勇敢和 坚决，使Alexa尽可能地从生活中获得更多。A. determined有决心的；B. talented有天分的；C.learned知 识渊博的；D. qualified合格的。根据前文u With hard work and determination,可知，Alexa是一个有决心 的人，应选A。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每题1.5分，总分值15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A 36 (library) in Indonesia's Java island is lending books to children in exchange for trash they collect in a novel way to clean up the environment and get the kids to read more. Each weekday Raden rides her three wheeler with books 37 (pack) up at the back for children in Muntang village in exchange38 plastic cups, bags and other waste.She told Reuters she is helping cultivate reading in the kids as well make them aware of the environment. As soon as she shows up, little children, many of whom 39 (accompany) by their mothers, surround her “Trash Libraryz， and clamour for the books.They are all carrying trash bags and Raden9s three-wheeler quickly fills up with them as the books fly out.She's happy the kids are going to spend 40 (little) time on online games as a result. "Let us build a culture of literacy from young age to mitigate the harm of the online world/' Raden said. "We should also take care of our waste in order to fight climate change and 41 (save) the earth from trash/7 Raden said.She collects about 100 kg of waste 42 week, which is then sorted out by her 43 (colleague) and sent for recycling or sold. She has a stock of 6,000 books to lend and wants to take the mobile serviceto 44 (neighbour) areas as well.The literacy rate for above-15-year-olds in Indonesia is around 96 percent, 45 a September report by the World Bank warned that the pandemic will leave more than 80% of 15-year-olds below the minimum reading proficiency level.【答案】36. librarianpacked 38. forare accompaniedless 41. to save42.