江苏省徐州市2022届高三上学期期中考试英语Word版含解析.docx

20212022学年度高三年级第一学期期中抽测英语试题注意事项:L答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小；每小题L5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1 .What does the woman want the man to do this weekend?A. Go to the dentist.B.Work overtime.C.Clean the office.2 .How much does the book cost?A.$4.B.$5.C.$8.3 .Where will the man probably sit?A. Next to the walkway.B. By the window.C. In the middle.4 . What is the woman worried about?A. The plot of the movie.B. The length of the movie.C. The size of the theater.5 . What are the speakers probably talking about?【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据最后段 u Chimpanzees have been known to obey certain rituals（仪式）around their dead and will only abandon a body of a relative once it begins to decompose.（众所周知,黑猩猩会遵守在亲属死去 后围绕死者的仪式，一旦尸体decompose后才会抛弃它）”可知黑猩猩在亲属死去后会举办仪式，之后某 个时间抛弃尸体，根据生物学常识可以推断，尸体是会腐坏分解的，所以decompose的意思是分解。故 选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “Few species other than humans demonstrate the same type of awareness in death of their own kind.（除了人类以外，很少有其他物种在自己同类的死亡中表现出同样的意识）”以及接下来对 黑猩猩和狮子的描述可知，举例就是为了论证动物能意识到死亡。故选A。DGenerally speaking, respect is something that is earned. One earns another* s respect by voluntarily doing things like taking that person,s feelings, needs and thoughts into consideration.Respect seems to be like a boomerang in the sense that you must send it out before it will come back to you. Respect cannot be demanded or forced, though sometimes people mistakenly believe that it can, as discussed below.Since a baby has no concept of respect, and feels only its own needs when it is first born, it seems the only successful way to teach a child what respect is, is to earn the respect of the child as they slowly grow into a thinking human being.The way this is done is first of all by attending to the child's natural needs, such as to be fed and nurtured （养 育） As the child grows, his needs change. His psychological needs have increasingly advanced. He begins to express his own views, his own preferences, and he has an increasing need for freedom, autonomy and independence. This is when the adults in his life can treat him with increasing respect and thereby earn his respect in return.It doesn't make sense to think of respecting a baby in the same way that we say we respect an adult. Yet on some level the two concepts are similar. This similarity has to do with our voluntarily helping that person with their needs. In either case, we must first accept the needs. For example, if a baby needs to be fed at three in the morning we don't do it reluctantly if we respect his natural needs; we simply accept that the infant has a natural need to eat at that particular moment. Likewise, if an adolescent or an adult needs to talk, we accept this need and we show respect by listening voluntarily.In the same way, when we are respected we gain the voluntary cooperation of people. We don't have to use as much of our energy and resources trying to get our needs met.12. What is a misunderstanding of respect?A. It requires voluntary actions.B. It needs much consideration.C. It is based on people's needs.D. It can be obtained forcefully.13. Why does the author mention “boomerang" in Paragraph 2?A. To introduce a tool.B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact.D. To make a prediction.14. How can we earn respect from our children?A. By teaching them to respect.B. By making them independent.C. By treating them respectfully.D. By talking to them voluntarily.15. What does this article mainly talk about?A. How we could earn respect.B. Why respect is important.C. Who we show respect for.D. What true respect means.【答案】12.D13. B 14. C 15. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主耍以孩子为例，纠正了一些对尊重的错误常识，并介绍了如何正确尊 重别人的方法。【12题详解】细节埋解题。由第二段中的 uRespect cannot be demanded or forced, though sometimes people mistakenly believe that it can, as discussed below.（尊重不能被要求或强迫，尽管有时人们错误地认为它可以，如下所 述）”可知，人们对尊重的误解是认为尊重可以强制获得。故选D项。【13题详解】推理判断题。由第二段 uRespect seems to be like a boomerang in the sense that you must send it out before it will come back to you. Respect cannot be demanded or forced, though sometimes people mistakenly believe that it can, as discussed below.（尊重似乎就像一个回旋镖，在它回到你身边之前，你必须把它送出。尊重不能 被要求或强迫，尽管有时人们错误地认为它可以，如下所述）”可知，本段讲述了 “送出尊重才能获得尊 重”，这种尊重付出收获的过程就像“boomerang （回旋镖）”，可见该词语是对一个抽象概念的具体解 释，作者用“boomerang （回旋镖）”是为了澄清一个概念。故选B项。【14题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中的 “This is when the adults in his life can treat him with increasing respect and thereby earn his respect in return.（这时，他生活中的成年人可以越来越尊重他，从而赢得他的尊重）”可 知，想赢得孩子们的尊重就要先尊重孩子。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。结合全文来看，第一二段澄清关于尊重的错误常识，第三四五段讲如何获得儿童和成人的 尊重的一些建议，最后一段讲尊重带来的好处，可知文章主要讲如何赢得别人的尊重，A项“我们怎样 才能赢得尊重”符合文意。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分125分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。注意：选项中有两项为多余选项。Happiness is the most sought-after emotion. It is the reason for the existence of all beings. Happiness is not confined to the human world alone. 16A young child is happy when it is well fed and becomes sad when it is hungry. Even adults cannot resist the pleasures of food and associate this with happiness. A bar of chocolate, an ice cream treat, or a fancy spread at a buffet all bring happiness. 17 Plants that are watered and given enough nutrients will grow happily.18 Toys and gadgets, presents, and red packets bring unexpected joy. Even a pet cat or dog will show its happiness at being given a toy or plaything. A ball of wool or a plastic bone is all it takes.Then, there is the house and the car, holidays abroad, a simple picnic, or even a movie that evokes happiness. Happiness is found in obtaining material things or indulging in recreational activities. 19 Why? Well, it all boils down to the individual. Money can buy happiness to a certain extent but when all is achieved, obtained, and bought, there comes a time for the true sense of happiness.Many have sought it in ashrams and from wise men, but all it takes is an act of kindness and sharing. True happiness is eventually not in the receiving, possessing, and getting but in the giving. Giving time, things, labor to those around us, loved ones or strangers is the true happiness that lives on in our lives. 20 It doesn't have to be grand or expensive but has to be sincere and thoughtful. As Mark Twain once said, "The best way to cheer yourself up is to try to cheer somebody else up." So, go out there and cheer someone up!A. Clothing and accessories bring happiness.B. Making others happy is the core of being happy.C. Animals and even plants seem to display happiness.D. People are happiest when they are having a meal and some drink.E. Everything we do is aimed at letting other people live more happily.F. Different individuals have different definitions of happiness, though.G. However, many are still not happy with all these trappings of luxury.【答案】16.C17. D 18. A 19. G 20. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本篇主要介绍了人和许多其他生物都能感到快乐，生活中的许多东西都能为 我们带来快乐，不论是物质产品还是精神享受，快乐因人而异。真正的快乐不在于占有或得到，而在于 给予，在于给他人带来快乐。【16题详解】根据上文 u Happiness is the most sought-after emotion. It is the reason for the existence of all beings. Happiness is not confined to the human world alone.（幸福是最渴望的情感。它是一切存在的理由。幸福并不仅仅局限 于人类世界）”可知，上文提到“快乐不是独属于人类的”，推测本句是要说人类之外的其他生物也拥有 快乐。故C选项“动物甚至植物似乎都表现出快乐”符合语境，故选C。【17题详解】根据上文 u A young child is happy when it is well fed and becomes sad when it is hungry. Even adults cannot resist the pleasures of food and associate this with happiness. A bar of chocolate, an ice cream treat, or a fancy spread at a buffet all bring happiness.（一个小孩吃得好时是快乐的，饿了就会悲伤。即使是成年人也无法抗 拒食物的乐趣，并将其与幸福联系在一起。一块巧克力，一份冰淇淋，或是自助餐上的一份花式甜点都 能带来快乐）”以及后文 u Plants that are watered and given enough nutrients will grow happily.（植物如果得到 足够的水和营养，就会茁壮成长）”可知，上文论述了不论是对于孩子还是大人来说，食物都会让人感到 开心，下文则拓展到植物，指出被灌溉的植物也会感到开心，可知这一段主要是说明食物给生物带来了 快乐。故D选项“人们最快乐的时候是吃喝时”符合语境，故选D。【18题详解】不艮据后文“Toys and gadgets, presents, and red packets bring unexpected joy. Even a pet cat or dog will show its happiness at being given a toy or plaything. A ball of wool or a plastic bone is all it takes.（玩具、 小玩意、 礼物 和红包会带来意想不到的快乐。即使是宠物猫或狗在得到玩具或玩物时也会表现出它的快乐。一团羊毛 或一根塑料骨头就够了）”可知，后文指出，玩具、小物件、礼物等都会给人们带来意想不到的快乐，宠 物猫狗也会因玩偶而感到快乐，即生活中一些物品可以带来快乐。故A选项“衣服和饰品能带来快乐” 符合语境，故选A。【19题详解】根据上文 “Then, there is the house and the car, holidays abroad, a simple picnic, or even a movie that evokes happiness. Happiness is found in obtaining material things or indulging in recreational activities.（然后，有房子 和汽车，国外度假，一次简单的野餐，甚至是一部唤起幸福的电影。幸福是在获得物质的东西或沉迷于 娱乐活动中找到的）”以及后文“Why? Well, it all boils down to the individual. Money can buy happiness to a certain extent but when all is achieved, obtained, and bought, there comes a time for the true sense of happiness.（为什么？好吧，这一切都归结于个人。金钱可以在一定程度上买到幸福，但是只有当一切都获 得了，买到了，实现了，才到真正幸福的时候）”可知，本段提到，房子、车会给人快乐，但同样，一次 野炊、一场电影也能让人快乐。物质产品和精神生活都会给人带来快乐。通过下文的设问，推知选项陈 述了物质不能让一些人满足的现象。故G选项“然而，许多人仍然不满意所有这些奢侈的装饰”符合语 境，故选G。【20题详解】 不艮据上文 u Many have sought it in ashrams and from wise men, but all it takes is an act of kindness and sharing.True happiness is eventually not in the receiving, possessing, and getting but in the giving. Giving time, things, labor to those around us, loved ones or strangers is the true happiness that lives on in our lives.（许多人在静修处 和智者那里寻求它，但它所需要的只是一个善良和分享的行为。真正的幸福最终不在于接受、拥有和得 到，而在于给予。为我们身边的人，爱人或陌生人付出时间，付出事情，付出劳动，这才是生活中真正 的幸福）”以及后文 “It doesn't have to be grand or expensive but has to be sincere and thoughtful. As Mark Twain once said, "The best way to cheer yourself up is to try to cheer somebody else up." So, go out there and cheer someone up!（它不需要华丽或昂贵，但必须是真诚和周到的。正如马克吐温曾经说过：“让自己 高兴起来的最好办法就是努力让别人高兴起来。”所以，出去让别人高兴起来吧！）”可知，作者告诉我 们，真正的快乐来自给予，根据下文 “ the best way to cheer yourself up is to try to cheer somebody else up. ” 可知，我们给予他人的也不必是贵重的东西，只需要让他人感到快乐就够了。故B选项“让别人快乐是 快乐的核心”符合语境，故选B。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。After students have been admitted to a university, there is a lot to plan for. Buying dorm supplies,booking plane tickets, and finally 21 your first-year roommates-all of these things and more kept me busy as I prepared for my study in Harvard. I was excited for what college had 22 for me,but what made me super excited about was 23Raised in Florida, I was used to wearing shorts and sandals 24 all year long, and felt chilly once the weather 25 anywhere near 16,OC.I had never needed a 26 or winter boots.However,in Cambridge,Massachusetts,where the temperatures can and do fall below freezing,! would need all of the27 clothing to make it through the winter.Hence, while I was excited to 28 different seasons,the idea of the cold made me 29 .Would I play with the glistening snow, or would I instead spend the winter 30 in the cold?It turned out I was 31 .The Harvard administrations work to 32 students from low-income backgrounds to make college accessible. Particularly, money provided by the Harvard Winter Coat Fund (HWCF ) made the additional 33 easier to shoulder.HWCF is 34 for all students from low-income families. I know I will always have the support I need. With it, I was able to cover the cost of my winter coat andB 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. Cboots, which continue to_35me to this day.21.A.contactingB.meetingC. evaluatingD.treating22.A.in returnB.in responseC. in commonD.in store23.A.seasonsB.opportunitiesC. sceneryD.freedom24.A.intentionallyB.basicallyC. appropriatelyD.specially25.A.roseB.stayedC. fellD.reached26.A.scarfB.blanketC. coatD.sweater27.A.fancyB.comfortableC. expensiveD.warm28.A.experienceB.pictureC. distinguishD.admire29.A.puzzledB.boredC. worriedD.disappointed30.A.joggingB.shakingC. wanderingD.screaming31.A.overjoyedB.overanxiousC. overactiveD.overconfident32.A.supportB.educateC. seekD.comfort33.A.riskB.loanC. responsibilitiesD.expenses34.A.sufficientB.challengingC. availableD.unique35.A.decorateB.protectC. serveD.change【答案】21. B 22. D23LA 24. B25. C 26. C 27. D28. A29. C 30.【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了面对新学习、新学校、新的生活环境，特别是巨大的温度变 化，作者在学校组织的帮助下得以购买所需的服装过冬一事。21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：买宿舍用品，订飞机票，最后去见你大一的室友一一所有这些事情，甚至还 有更多的事情，使我在为去哈佛学习做准备的时候忙得不可开交。A. contacting联系；B.meeting遇到； C.evaluating评估；D.treating治疗。根据上文我们可以得知，购置宿舍所需物品、订购机票等事件是按 照时间顺序进行的陈述。那么此处也应按照订完机票后的行为进行预测，也即到学校并与舍友见面。故 选Bo【22题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意:我为大学的未来感到兴奋，但最让我兴奋的是季节。A. in return作为报答；B. in response作为回答；C.in common共同的；D.in store储藏着，准备着，将要发生。根据上文“what college had”可知此处指大学将要发生的事情，应用in store。故选D。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我为大学的未来感到兴奋，但最让我兴奋的是季节。4seasons季节；B. opportunities机会；C.scenery景色；D. freedom自由。呼应后文“different seasons”让作者兴奋的是季 节。故选A。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我在佛罗里达长大，基本上一整年都习惯了穿短裤和凉鞋，一旦气温接近16 摄氏度，我就会感到寒冷。A. intentionally故意地；B. basically基本地；C. appropriately适当地；D.specially 特别。根据上文 uRaised in Florida, I was used to wearing shorts and sandalsv 可知，此处表示作者 原先一年四季基本穿的都是短袖短裤和拖鞋；故选B。25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在佛罗里达长大，基本上一整年都习惯了穿短裤和凉鞋，一旦气温接近16 摄氏度，我就会感到寒冷。A. rose上升；B.stayed停留；C. fell落下，下降；D. reached到达。根据上文 中的“once”这一条件词和它带来的结果“feel chilly”我们可知，后面跟的动词会引发作者“感觉冷” 这一行为。所以推导出此处应该表示气温卜降、卜跌至16°。的情况。故选C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来都不需要外套或冬靴。A. scarf围巾；B. blanket毯子；C.coat外套；D. sweater毛衣。文章倒数第二行"cover the cost of my winter coat”出现了原词重现。故选C。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在马萨诸塞州的剑桥，那里的温度可以降到零度以下，我需要所有 暖和的衣服来度过冬天。A. fancy奢华的；B.comfortable舒服的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. warm温暖 的。根据后文"clothing to make it through the winterv可知，作者在思考是否要准备一些厚衣物来帮助他 度过这个冬天。所以此处应选择对应的“warm”，符合题意。故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，虽然我很兴奋能体验不同的季节，但寒冷的想法让我担心。A. experience 经历，体验；B. picture 描绘；C. distinguish 区别；D. admire 钦佩。根据后文 “different seasonsn指体验不同的季节，故选A。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，虽然我很兴奋能体验不同的季节，但寒冷的想法让我担心。A.puzzled困惑的；B. bored无聊的;C.worried担心的;D.disappointed失望的。根据后文u Would I play with the glistening snow, or would I instead spend the winter”作者内心的揣测可知，作者对于能否承担起购 买新衣物的能力很担心、焦虑，故选C。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我是要玩闪闪发光的雪，还是要在寒冷中颤抖度过冬天？ A. jogging慢跑；B. shaking颤抖；C.wandering闲逛；D. screaming尖叫。根据上下文语境我们不难猜出，作者担心自己可能 因为没有合适的衣服而在冬天被冻得瑟瑟发抖，浑身打颤。故选B。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：结果证明我是过度焦虑了。A. overjoyed狂喜的；B.overanxious过于焦虑 的；C. overactive过度活跃的；D. overconfident自负的。根据后文可知，其实有专门的机构可以提供支持 和帮助，所以作者随后发现是自己过于焦虑了。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈佛大学的行政部门致力于支持来自低收入家庭的学生，让他们更容易进入 大学。A. support 支持;B. educate 教育;C. seek 寻找；D. comfort 安慰。根据后文“students from low- income backgrounds to make college accessiblev可知，哈佛有专门的机构来资助这些家境较为贫寒的学 生。所以可以推断出选择表“支持，扶持”之意的support。故选A。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：特别是，由哈佛冬衣基金提供的资金使额外的费用更容易承担。A. risk风 险；B. loan贷款;C.responsibilities责任;D. expenses花费。根据上文我们可知,购买冬衣冬裤这些支出 本在作者的计划之外，所以对于作者而言是一笔额外的消费、支出。故选D。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：HWCF面向所有低收入家庭的学生。A. sufficient充足的；B. challenging挑 战性的；C. available可用的；D. unique独特的。根据下文中作者提到的“I know I will always have the support I need",同时结合本句中强调范围的“all” 一词我们可知，这个基金会提供的援助覆盖面很广。 be available for sb表示“有效