备战2023高考英语复习之真题解读高频词长难句与拔高突破练9-新高考I卷阅读理解（解析版）.docx

09新高考I卷阅读理解备战2023高考英语复习之真题解读高频考词长难句分析拔高突破练（解析版），一.阅读理解速选技能一 二.真题详解（思路解析，阅读高频词，长难句分析）一三.拔高突破练命题分析阅读理解文章体裁可以分为：应用文记叙文 说明文议论文虽然阅读理解的材料内容千变万化，但考试中的考查方式是有限的，只要能够掌握以下几种主要类型题目 的阅读技巧，那么阅读理解拿高分，甚至拿总分值就是可以做到的了。阅读理解题的速选技能，需要结合下面几种题型：主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜想题。秒杀技能一主旨大意题主旨大意题分为两种：一种是要求归纳标题，另一种是归纳段落大意或者文章中心思想。1 .注意文章的首句和尾句，以及therefore, thus, but, however, in short这些很可能提示文章主旨的词语。2 .分段概括大意，逐项排除最终确定答案。需要注意防止出现概括不够，如：以偏概全，过度解读等人为 的主观臆断性错误。秒杀技能二细节理解题细节理解题在考查形式上分为两种：细节查找题与细节推理题。1 .细节查找题：比拟简单，只要能看懂文章，从文章中找到问题定位的关键词句，就可以顺利解题。2 .细节推断题：需要借助同义词转换，概念解析，归纳事实等方法对原文信息进行变换，然后再进行进 一步的推理或鉴别。秒杀技能三 推理判断题这是阅读理解的重难点所在，考查形式也多种多样，除了细节理解，还有结局趋势预测题，文章来源推测 题，作者态度观点推测题。1 ,阅读全文，理解文章大意：具体可以参考主旨大意题的解题步骤，切忌主观臆断，常识经验来代替文章 内容或观点。2 .防止误入命题陷阱：第一类陷阱是把第一类陷阱是把原文中的关键词或限定词去掉或用其他词进行替换。 比方把张三当李四，把局部当全部，把否认当肯定，把将来发生当成已经发生等。第二类陷阱是在选项中 设置一些与问题无关的干扰项。这些干扰项本身可能是文章中的原句，但是与问题无关；或者这些选项内 容本身符合常识，但是作者在文中没有提及或者与作者观点不符。demonstrate the variety of effective and active exercises.【译文】我们将于5月23日上午10点举行一次免费的体验课，以展示各种积极有效的运动。8. ensure v.确保promote v.促进；宣传；提升9. welfare n.幸福，福祉affectv.影响10. gain v.获得personality n.个性11. oppose v.反对evaluate v.评价（高考链接 2021 天津卷 阅读理解）Feeling fearful is healthy because it helps you slow down and evaluate risks properly.【译文】感到恐惧是有益于健康的，因为它可以帮助你慢下来，正确评估风险。12. profitable adj.有利润的，有益的ages n.复数很长时间13. stop sb doing sth防止某人做某事dream up想出（尤指不同寻常的计划、主意）14. take part in 参加，参与used to do sth过去常常做某事15. flnancial support 财政支持look forward to 期待16. a shared interest 共同的兴趣；part-time jobs 兼职工作17. raise money for 为筹钱（高考链接 2020 新课标 HI 卷 阅读理解）They want to raise money for animal protection.【译文】他们想为动物保护筹集资金。18. a sense of achievement 成就感be well received 很受欢迎19. it takes ages to do sth做某事需要花很长时间长难句1. I'm enjoying the creative activities and it feels great to have done something useful.【解析】本句为并列句。It充当形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。句意：我喜欢这些有创意的活动, 能做些有用的事让我感觉很好。2. There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.【解析】句意：现在有700名老人在东北部的20家养老院照顾母鸡，该慈善机构已经得到了财政支持, 以便在全国范围内推广。And连接并列句。真题剖析They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.A. They could not open and close their lips easily.B. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.C. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A. Supporting evidence for the research results.B. Potential application of the research findings.C. A further explanation of the research methods.D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?A. It is key to effective communication.B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.C. It is a complex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evolution of human beings.【语篇导读】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在从世界上一半的语言中出现了新的 语音。这项研究推翻了普遍的观点-所有的人类语音在大约30万年前人类进化时就已经存在。32 .【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词Damian Blasi,定位到文章第二段最后一句Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. （现在，由瑞士苏黎世大学的达米安布拉西领导的一个研究小组已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为什么会 出现的），根据文章第一段中的“More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as and "v"，were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. （30 多年前，学者Charles Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“仔和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更 常见。）”可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。应选D项。33 .【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词"ancient human adults”定位到第三段。根据“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure , making it easier to produce such sounds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇 齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颗变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）” 可知，因为古代成年人的下颗结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。选项中的“Their jaws were not conveniently structured”是原文的"the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned”以及“Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure”的同义转换。应选 C 项。34 .【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the so Neolithic age, with the use of 'f and '""increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全 球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“仔和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然 没有发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。应选A项。35 .【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词"Steven Moran”定位到文章最后一段。根据“"The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.（研究小组成员 Steven Moran 说： “自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进 化等复杂相互作用的产物J）”可知，Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。选项中的“complex and dynamic system” 是原文中的 urather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things v 的同义转换。应选 C 项。阅读高频词(高考链接 2021 全国甲卷阅读理解)In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.【译文】在这个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的出现。19. remarkably adv.惊人地overturn v.推翻(over-+turn);20. appearance n. 出现biological ad.j 生物的21. evolution n学术词进化distribution n.分布22. data base n.数据库，资料库：23. hunter-gatherer n.狩猎采集者长难句1. A groundbreaking, five year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world' s languages.【解析】第一个that引导宾语从句，宾语从句的谓语为led to,在宾语从句中有一个that引导的定语从句， 修饰先行词speech sounds。句意为:一项为期五年的突破性研究说明，由于饮食改变，人类咬合发生了变化， 从而产生了一些新的语音。这些语音目前存在于世界上一半的语言中。2. More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as "f and "y" , were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.【解析】句意为：30多年前，学者查尔斯霍克特指出，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃较软 食物的社会的语言中更为常见。第一个that引导宾语从句，宾语从句的主语为speech sounds,谓语为were 其中called labiodentals为过去分词短语作speech sounds的后置定语，such as “f” and "v”为插入语，对 labiodentals进行补充说明。第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词societies。3. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.【解析】句意为:他们发现古人类成年人的上下门牙是对齐的，很难发出唇齿音，因为发出唇齿音时，上牙 需要碰触到下嘴唇。本句主语为they,谓语为discovered, that引导宾语从句，making 为动词-ing短语作状语，which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词labiodentalso4. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of "f" and "v" increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.【解析】句意为:对语言数据库的分析也证实，新石器时代之后，世界语言的语音发生了全球性的变化，语 音“f”和“v”的使用在过去几千年中显著增加。本句主语为analyses,谓语动词为confirmed, that引导 宾语从句，with复合结构作状语其中increasing的逻辑主语为theuseof "f” and “y”。5. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.【解析】句意为:这项研究推翻了一种普遍的观点，即人类在大约30万年前进化时，所有的语音都已存在。 that引导同位语从句，对the popular view进行解释说明，when引导时间状语从句。6. The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution.【解析】句意为:自从人类出现后，我们使用的这些语音并不是一成不变的。相反，我们今天发现的多种多 样的语音正是多种事物如生物变化与文化演变相互交织、相互作用的产物。本句是一个并列句，为not上ut rather.的并列结构，前半句的主干为 The set of speech sounds . has not necessarily remained stable,后半句 的主干为 the huge variety of speech sounds . is the product of .拔高突破练(应用文，记叙文，说明文组合 限时练)Passage 1 应用文Graphic Novel (漫画小说)Making Contest 2022June 1-July 31, 2022All comics fans, artists, and storytellers: You are invited to enter San Jose Public Library's Graphic Novel Making Contest for all ages.Submission Guidelines Create your own graphic novel with a maximum length of 8 pages. Each submission must be the creative and original work of the submitting author / illustrator. Computer generated images are acceptable as long as they are your original work. Entries are encouraged to be submitted digitally by emailing to graphicnovelssj 1 ibrary.org (as a PNG, JPEG, or PDF attachment). Digital entries can be submitted no later than 11:59 pm on July 31, 2022. Entries can also be submitted to any operating San Jose Public Library location no later than the end of the business day on July 31, 2022.Age Groups and Prizes Children (0-9) & Pre-Teens (10-12): Gift and art supply baskets awarded for first, second, and third place winners of each group. Art supply pouches (小袋子)for two honorable mention winners of each group. Teens (13-17): First place $100; second place $75; third place $50. Art supply pouches for two honorable mention winners. Adults (18+): First place $100; second place $75; third place $50. An art supply pouch for one honorable mention winner.All cash prizes will be awarded as gift cards.Awards CeremonySave the date for our virtual Awards Ceremony on August 28, 2022 at 2:00-4:00pm. At this awards ceremony,contest winners will be announced and guest speakers will offer inspirational messages to contest participants. Register to receive a videoconferencing invitation.1. Which of the following will result in disqualification?A Submitting computer generated images. B.C. Sending a graphic novel of 10 pages. D.2. What will a 16-year-old first prize winner get?A. $75 in cash.B.C. An art supply pouch.D.3. What do we know about the Awards Ceremony?A. It will be held online.B.C. Winners will give speeches at it.D.Emailing your entry on July 30, 2022.Mailing your entry to San Jose Public Library,A $100 gift card.A gift and art supply basket.It will take place on July 31,2022.Winners will get its invitation in advance.【篇章导读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了关于2022年漫画小说制作比赛的相关事宜。1 .【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章的第一个小标题Submission Guidelines中的第一点“Create your own graphic novel with a maximum length of 8 pages.（创作自己的漫画小说，长度不超过8页。）”可知，参赛作 品的最大长度限制是8页，所以一部长度为10页的漫画小说将会被取消资格。应选C项。2 .【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由文章的第二个小标题Age Groups and Prizes中的第二点“Teens （13-17）: First place $100; second place $75; third place $50, Art supply pouches for two honorable mention winners.（ 青少年 （13-17 岁）：第一名100美元；第二名75美元；第三名50美元。两位荣誉获奖者将获得艺术用品袋。厂以及最后 一句话“All cash prizes will be awarded as gift cards.（所有现金奖励将以礼品卡形式发放。广可知，一位16 岁的第一名获奖者将会得到一张价值100美元的礼品卡。应选B项。3 .【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由文章最后一个小标题Awards Ceremony中的“Save the date for our virtual Awards Ceremony on August 28, 2022 at 2:00-4:00pm.（请为我们于2022年8月28日下午2:00-4:00举彳亍的虚拟颁奖 典礼预留时间。广和“Register to receive a videoconferencing invitation.（请注册以接收视频会议邀请）”可知， 此次漫画小说竞赛的颁奖礼将在线上举行。应选A项。Passage 2 应用文Brilliant Spring BreaksThe bees are buzzing and flowers are blooming. Take a look at these destinations and grab a relaxing getaway while making the most of the UK countryside.Trefeddian HotelAt the Trefeddian Hotel you can expect a warm welcome whether you are booking a family holiday, or romantic escape. Our beautifully located coastal hotel in Mid-Wales has something for everyone to enjoy: all-around sea views, miles of golden sandy beaches and a heated indoor pool.St Moritz Hotel & Garden VillasEscape to our Miami inspired luxury hotel or coastal villas on the north Cornish coast. With our Shorecrest restaurant serving seasonal dishes with ingredients sourced from Cornwall's markets; Cowshed spa; indoor and outdoor pools; a bunch of local attractions and surrounded by the sea, St Moritz Hotel is the place for relaxation and adventure.Greenwood GrangeWelcome to a collection of 17 luxury, stone built, self-catering holiday cottages in Dorset. There's so much to offer, whether it's relaxing in your own private cottage (some have hot baths), swimming in the indoor pool, or playing the volleyball on the seashore, we've got it all-you can even pick your own fruit or vegetables from our kitchen garden. Contact us for more information.Skye Shepherd HutsLooking for a holiday offering peace and quiet? Choose Skye Shepherd Huts, with amazing wildlife, donkeys and hens for company. Set in a lovely traditional village by the sea, ideal for walkers, boating nearby and eagle-spotting. Pet friendly. Comfortable with beautiful views, but electricity and hot water are not ready for use.4 . Which destination best suits people who enjoy cooking?A.Trefeddian Hotel.B.Skye Shepherd Huts.C.Greenwood Grange.D.St Moritz Hotel & Garden Villas.5 . What is the disadvantage of Skye Shepherd Huts?A.There is always bad smell.B.It only admits pet owners.C.Vehicles are banned exceptboats.D.Hot showers are not accessible.6 .What do the four destinations have in common?A. Ocean views.C. Seasonal dishes.B , Golden beaches.D. Adventurous activities.【篇章导读】这是一篇应用文。本文详细介绍了四个旅游放松的地方。4 .【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据"Greenwood Grange（绿林庄园）“标题下的.you can even pick your own fruit or vegetables from our kitchen garden （你甚至可以从我们的厨房花园里自己采摘水果或蔬菜）”可知，在绿林庄 园，游客可以在厨房花园里自己采摘水果或蔬菜，是一个适合烹饪的目的地。因此，最适合喜欢烹饪的人 的目的地是C项“Greenwood Grange.（绿林庄园）”符合题意，应选C项。5 .【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据“Skye Shepherd Huts（斯凯牧羊人小屋）”标题下"Comfortable with beautiful views, but electricity and hot water are not ready for use.（美丽的景色让人感到舒适，但电和热水还没有准备 好户可知，斯凯牧羊人小屋虽然景色宜人，但是电和热水和还没有备好，无法使用热水沐浴。因此，斯凯 牧羊人小屋小屋的缺点是D项“Hot showers are not accessible.（无法使用热水淋浴）”符合题意，应选D项。6 .【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据“Trefeddian Hotel（特里菲迪亚酒店）”标题下的“.all-around sea views, miles of golden sandy beaches and a heated indoor pool.（全方位的海景、数英里的金色沙滩和一个温暖的室内游泳池）"和"St Moritz Hotel & Garden Villas（圣莫里茨花园别墅酒店）”标题下的.a bunch of local attractions and surrounded by the sea.（周围环绕着大海）"和"Greenwood Grange （绿林山庄）”标题下的“orplaying the volleyball on the seashore.（还是在海边打排球）"和"Skye Shepherd Huts （斯凯牧羊人小屋）“标题下的“Set in a lovely traditional village by the sea.（位于海边一个可爱的传统村庄）“可知，这四个地方，共同的特点是都在海边，可以看到美丽的海边景色。因此，这四个目的地共同点是A 项“Ocean views.（海景）”符合题意，应选A项。Passage 3记叙文One year before, at age 18, Leszyeski had aged out of foster care（寄养中心），having been in the system since she was four when her single mother was no longer able to care for her. Leszyeski was now enrolled in college hoping to become a doctor. And the only furniture she had in her apartment was an air mattress with a hole in it.Then she learned about an organization Chairity. The organization provides furniture and household goods for young adults who have left foster care. Leszyeski reached out to Charity, a nonprofit formed by 23-year-old Maria Paparella.Paparella first became aware of foster care in elementary school when her parents were considering adopting a child. The plan didn't work out, but Paparella often found herself thinking about that child. 'Tm really close with my family, and I just couldn't imagine being completely on