2022-2023学年陕西省渭南市华州区咸林中学高三(上)第二次段考英语试卷(附答案详解).docx
2022.2023学年陕西省渭南市华州区咸林中学高三(上)第二次段考英语试卷一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题,共30.0分)ALearning while at home doesn't have to be a bore!Here are some super-fun ways to keep your brain active this month.BITESIZEThe BBC's Bitesize website offers fun lessons lots of subjects.Besides, Bitesize Daily on iPlayer and the Red Button has daily educational programmes hosted by experts (专家),teachers and even famous faces.Cool!Head to IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUMFeel suiprised about what life was like during the war? Or which animals have helped in wartime? In their video Adventures in History (shown to the public every Wednesday at 2 pm) , the Imperial War Museum's experts will bring great history right into your home.Check out ROYAL ACADEMYGet your creative juices flowing (流动) with the Royal Academy's collection of artistic activities, encouraged by well-known artists.Try your hand at all kinds of art, from crayons to animation (动画制 作)!Find out more at MARINE CONSERVATION SOCIETYBring the sea indoors with the Marine Conservation Society's Cool Seas Explorers website.There are a lot of games and competitions where you can learn about everything from kelp forests to plastic (塑料) pollution.Plus, there are galleries of super sea living beings for you to find out about. Swim over to mcsuk.org/coolseas1. Which website will a history-lover be interested in? 六、书面表达(本大题共1小题,共25.0分)43.据报道,7岁的美国女孩Amy Bruce得知自己身患肺癌(lung cancer)后处于极度的痛苦 之中,美国抗癌协会(ACS)决定,每当Amy收到一封慰问信,就给她增加1美分的治疗款。 假如你是新华中学的学生李华,请你用英文给Amy写一封慰问信,主要内容包括:(1)自我介绍;(2)得知的情况;(3)表示鼓励;(4)打算为她做什么;(5)祝她早日康复。注意:(1)信的格式已为你写好:(2)信中不得出现你的真实情况:(3)词数100左右。Dear Amy Bruce,Yours,Li Hua答案和解析13.【答案】C、C、B【解析】(1) C.细节理解题。根据 IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM 部分中"Feel surprised about what life was like during the war? Or which animals have helped in wartime? In their video Adventures in History(shown to the public every Wednesday at 2 pm) the Imperial War Museum*s experts will bring great history right into your home.(对战争期间的生活感到惊讶吗?或者哪些动物在战争中起到了帮助作 用?在他们的视频历史历险记(每周三下午2点向公众播放)中,帝国战争博物馆的专家将 把伟大的历史带进你的家)"以及"Check out (网址:iwm.org.uk/learning) ”可 知,历史爱好者会对iwm.org uk/leaming网站感兴趣。故选C。(2) C.细节理解题。根据 ROYAL ACADEMY 部分中"Get your creative juices flowing with the Royal Academy's collection of artistic activities, encouraged by well-known artists.Try your hand at all kinds of art, from crayons to animation!(在著名艺术家的鼓励下,让你的创造力在皇家艺术学院的艺术活 动中流动。尝试各种各样的艺术,从蜡笔到动画!)”可知,皇家艺术学院是以艺术为中心的。故 选C。(3) B.细节理解题。根据 MARINE CONSERVATION SOCIETY 部分中“There are a lot of games and competitions where you can learn about everything from kelp forests to plastic pollution.(有彳艮多游戏和 比赛,你可以学到从海藻森林到塑料污染的一切)”可知,海洋保护协会提供许多有趣的游戏。故 选B。这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些可以在家学习的课程以及网站。阅读理解解题步骤:首先对原文材料迅速浏览,掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有 标题,所以,速读全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速读的过程中,应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。 其次,细读题材,各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后,细细阅读每篇材料后的问题,弄清每题要求 后,带着问题,再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。要善于抓住每段的主题句,阅读时,要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息,要做认真分析,仔 细推敲,理解透彻,只有这样,针对题目要求,才能做到稳、准。47.【答案】A、D、C、C【解析】(1) A.推理判断题.根据第三段" Naturally,the first pots seedlings grew toward the water. What's surprising, however,is that the second pot's seedlings grew toward the sealed water supply but not the soil. 自然地, 第盆 的幼苗朝着水生长.然而,令人惊讶的是,第二个花盆的幼苗是朝着密封的水源而不是土壤生长 的.”以及第四段"They just knew the water was there even if the only thing to discover was the sound of it flowing ins ide the pipe, " Gagliano told Scientific American. She believes that plants are able to use their leaves t o discover sound waves, which make tiny vibrations (振动)as they're produced.加里亚诺告诉科 学美国人:”他们只知道水在那里,即使唯一能发现的是水在管子里流动的声音.”她相信植物 能够利用它们的叶子发现声波,这些声波在产生时产生微小的振动.”可知加利亚诺在他们的研究 中发现了植物能识别水声.故选A.(2) D.推理判断题.第四段"They just knew the water was there even if the only thing to discover was the sound of it flowing ins ide the pipe, “ Gagliano told Scientific American. She believes that plants are able to use their leaves t o discover sound waves, which make tiny vibrations (振动)as theyYe produced.力口里亚诺告诉 科 学美国人:”他们只知道水在那里,即使唯一能发现的是水在管子里流动的声音.”她相信植物 能够利用它们的叶子发现声波,这些声波在产生时产生微小的振动.”可知根据加利亚诺的说法, 植物用它们的叶子来听声音.故选D.(3)C.推理判断题.根据第四段"This could explain why so many people believe that singing or playing music to their plants helps them grow. "I had a plant that I used to wash the leaves of once a week and sing to, " plant lover Heather Goodall told BBC News. nIt grew from being about 2 feet tall to 7 feet tall in just a couple of years. "这可以解释为什么那么多人相信,对着植物唱歌或演奏音乐有助于植物生 长.植物爱好者希瑟古道尔告诉BBC新闻:”我曾经有一种植物,我每周洗一次叶子,然后对 着它唱歌它在短短几年内从2英尺高长到7英尺高”可知作者提到希瑟古道尔的例子是为了 证明音乐在植物生长中起作用.故选C.(4) C.推理判断题.根据最后一段"So, does this mean we should start treating our plants like pets? Not necessarily, although perhaps it does mean we should give them more respect. nI would like to see plants accepted more as the amazing and interesting living beings, and less as just a source of human nutrition, n Fatima Cvrckova, a scientist at Charles University in the Czech Republic, told BBC News.这 是不是意味着,我们应该把植物当宠物一样对待?不一定,尽管也许这意味着我们应该给他们更 多的尊重.捷克共和国查尔斯大学的科学家法蒂玛卡芙卡娃告诉BBC新闻:”我希望看到植物 更多地被认为是令人惊奇和有趣的生物,而不仅仅是人类营养的来源.“可知Cvrckova可能会同 意植物令人难以置信,值得更多的尊重.故选C.本文是一篇社会文化类阅读.尽管植物并不是世界上最令人兴奋的东西,但从早期人类时代起, 植物就吸引了我们.当我们晚上回家时,它们可能不会像狗一样耍什么把戏或打招呼,但这并不 意味着它们比动物更有趣.1 .直接信息题:直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息,选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目.2 .间接信息题:间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息,但在语言表达上与原文有差异,做题时需要对原文信息进 行转换.3 .综合信息题:综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话,可能是原文的几句话,或者是散落 在文章不同的地方,要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析,而不能断章取义.811 .【答案】B、C、B、C【解析】(1) B.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的"When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12, 000 languages between them.(当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人组成的时候,小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之 间独立的讲话模式当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时,语言种类达到了 12, 000种。)”由此 推知,当时的语言种类很多。故选B。(2 )C.猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的"dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知,英语、西班牙语和汉语正在快速替代其他语言。由此推知dominant languages意为”强有力的语言”。A.Complex复杂的;B.Advanced先进的;C.Powerful强有力的; D.Modern现代的。故选C。(3) B.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的"At present,the world has about 6, 800 languages.和 The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6, 000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.(目前世界上大约有6800种语言,但是讲的人数少于6000人 的占一半。)”由此可知,目前有3400种语言,讲的人数少于6000。故选B。(4) C.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的主题句"Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.(语言的产生和 消失进行了几千年,但最近语言产生的少,消失的太多。)''以及第二段内容可知,随着人类社会 的发展,很多语言已经消失,即人类的发展使得语言的种类变少。由此可知,故选C。本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。做题时要通读全文,把握大意,然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。1215,【答案】A、B、D、C(1) 】(1) A.推理判断题。根据原文第一段 Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me.Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days,! felt at a loss and out of place.(除 了我,家 里的每个人都很快住进了这座城市。没有了我心爱的海滩和无尽的蓝天,我感到茫然和迷茫。) 可知作者搬去伦敦以后感到沮丧;失望。A.He felt disappointed.(他感到失望)正确。故选A.(2) B.词义猜测题。根据原文第二段 A few minutes later,when I landed the trick,my friends beat their boards loud,shouting: nSafe!Safe!Safe!n And that*s what mattered-landing tricks,being a good skater.(几分钟后,当我的戏法落地时,我的朋友们大声拍打着他们的板,喊着:”安全!安全!安全!”这 才是最重要的-落地技巧,成为一名优秀的滑冰运动员。)结合下文内容可知划线处为“做得好” 之意。A.Be careful!小心;B.Well done!做得好;C.No way!没门;D.Don't worry!别担心。故选 B.(3) D.推理判断题。根据原文第二段 Southbank,at an eastern bend in the Thames,is the center of British skateboarding,where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing J loved it.I soon made friends with the local skaters.We spoke our own language.(泰晤士河东岸的南岸(Southbank) 是英国滑板运动的中心,在那里,滑板不断的碰撞声让你的脑袋嗡嗡作响。我很快就和当地的溜 冰者成了朋友。)可知作者童年搬到伦敦后在南岸有一段美好的时光。因此D.To relive his childhood days (重温他的童年时光)符合题意。故选D.(4) C细节理解题。通读全文,可知作者年少时搬去伦敦,感觉融入不进当地文化而倍感沮丧, 直到在南岸那发现轮滑,并很快和当地人成为朋友,然后在作者去到华盛顿后,在那里并没有在 南岸那的归属感。因此C.Children need a sense of belonging (儿童需要一种归属感)符合题意。故 选C.作者年少时搬去伦敦,感觉融入不进当地文化而倍感沮丧,直到在南岸那发现轮滑,并很快和当 地人成为朋友,然后在作者去到华盛顿后,在那里并没有在南岸那的归属感。做这类阅读理解,要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。1620 .【答案】A、C、E、G、F【解析】(1) A.推理判断题。birds awaken the early risers at dawn on the farm,one person is already up.(当鸟儿在黎明时分唤醒农场的早起者时、一个人已经起床了。)”以及后文"76-year-old Thai Ngoc,from Vietnam,says that he has not slept for 45 years! ( 76 岁的 Thai Ngoc 来自越南,他说 他已经45年没睡觉了!)”可知,事实上,Thai Ngoc就没有睡觉。故A选项”事实上,他甚至没 有睡觉。”符合语境,故选A。(1) )C.推理判断题。根据下文中的"However,nothing helps,not even to get me to sleep for a few minutes. (然而,什么都没有帮助,甚至不能让我睡觉几分钟。)”可知,设空处与此意义相反,Thai Ngoc 吃过很多种治疗失眠症的药,但是都不见效。故C选项”我试过各种治疗失眠症的药物。”符合语 境,故选C。(3) E.推理判断题。根据上一句" But amazingly,he has never once been ill.(但令人惊讶的是,他从 未生过病)”和后文"1 still feel healthy and can farm normally like other men.(我仍然感觉很健康,可 以像其他人一样正常地耕种)”可知,失眠症没有对他的健康产生负面的影响。故E选项”幸运的 是,失眠似乎没有对我的健康产生负面影响”符合语境,故选E。(4) G.细节理解题。根据下文"He volunteered to help beat a drum during the night and guard the house for the relatives of the dead during funeral ceremonies.When the villagers were planting crops,several people asked Ngoc to be their nalarm clock" and to wake them up early in the morning to go to work as he was up anyway.(他自告奋勇在夜间打鼓,在出殡时为死者的亲属看房。当村民们在种庄稼的时候, 有几个人要求Ngoc做他们的“闹钟“,因为他已经起床了,所以早上早早叫他们起床去上班。)” 可知,Thai Ngoc在自己失眠的期间为他的社区和村民们服务。故G选项”Ngoc把他不睡觉的时间 花在为他的社区和同村做有用的工作上。”符合语境,故选G。(5) F.推理判断题。根据上文"Phan Ngoc Ha,director of the Hoa Khanh Mental Hospital in Danang,said that a long-term lack of sleep often causes diseases such as anorexia,lethargy,and irritability.(越南幌港 和康精神病院院长Phan Ngoc Ha说,长期睡眠不足往往会导致厌食症、嗜睡和易怒等疾病。)” 可知,失眠通常会引发很多疾病,再联系上文可知,Thai Ngoc的身体并未受到失眠症的影响,而 且下一句提到"Thai Ngoc is obviously one of them."由止匕可知,极少数的患有失眠症的人仍然可以正 常生活,Thai Ngoc就是其中一个。故F选项”但是,在特殊情况下,少数失眠症患者仍然可以正 常生活和工作。”符合语境,故选F。这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 76岁的Thai Ngoc已经45年没睡觉了,却从来没生病,他还利 用不睡觉的时间为他的社区和村民们服务。技巧通读全文,了解文章大意;细读七个选项,找出和文章相对应的关键词,分析选项间的逻辑关系;根据文章整体结构、具体内容,结合关键词,选出最佳选项;将所选答案代入文中,再次通读全文,重点查看逻辑关系和关联结构是否合理。2140.【答案】B、B、C、A、D、D、B、A、C、C、B、D、B、A、D、D、C、A、C、B【解析】(1) B.考查动词及语境理解。A.studying研究;B.staying停留;Choking看;D.packing 包装。句意:Burchill出差,当时正在酒店,准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。根据本句"Burchill was(1) at the hotel on business and planning to (2) some friends in thearea.”及生活常识可知,Burchil 出差住在酒店。故选B。(2) A.考查动词及语境理解。A.visit拜访;B.help帮助;C.follow跟随;D.make制J作。句意:Burchill 出差,当时正在酒店收拾行李,准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。根据下文"They had asked him to (3) some pepperoni (辣香肠)from back east.So he (4) a suitcase fullof pepperoni.”可知,朋友让他带 一些东西,由此推知Burchill准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。故选A。(3) C.考查动词及语境理解。A.sell卖;B.have有;C.bring带来;D.taste品尝。句意:他们让他 从美国东部带些意大利香肠过来。根据下文"So he (4) a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知,Burchil 的朋友让他从美国东部带些意大利香肠过来。故选C。(4) A.考查动词及语境理解。A.fiHed装满;Blocked锁上;C.abandoned抛弃;D.4st丢失。句意: 所以他装了满满一箱子意大利香肠。根据下文"a suitcase full of pepperoni"和“They rushed to the window,30 or 40 birds all trying to (13) at the same time,and pepperoni-everywhere/'nJ知, 他装了满 满一箱子意大利香肠。故选A。(5) D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.surprised感到惊讶的;B.pleased高兴的;C.excited兴奋的; D.worried担心的。句意:因为担心会太热,他把它放在桌子上,靠近一扇开着的窗户。根据下文 nhe (6) it out on the table near an open window.”可知,他担心意大利香肠会太热,所以把它放在桌 子上,靠近一扇开着的窗户。故选D。(6) D.考查动词及语境理解。A.dug挖;B.cleared清除;C.cut切下;D.laid放。句意:因为担心 会太热,他把它放在桌子上,近一扇开着的窗户。根据上文"it out on the table near an open window” 可知,他把它放在桌子上。故选D。(7) B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.delicious美味的;B.safe安全的;C.soft柔软的;D.ready准备 好的。句意:他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的,冷却得很好,就走了。根据下文"Irememberwalking down the long (10) and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seaguls," Burchill said in a recent letter of (11) to the 4-star hotel.”可知,Burchl离开了,由此推知,他以为他的意大利香肠 是安全的,冷却得很好。故选B。(8) A.考查动词及语境理解。A.left离开;B.nodded点头;C.waited等待.;D.regretted后悔。句 意:他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的,冷却得很好,就走了。根据下文"remember walking down the long ( 10) and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock ofseagulls,n Burchill said in a recent letter of (11) to the 4-star hotel.” 可知,Burchil 离开了。故选 A。(9) C考查形容词及语境理解。A.far远的;B.funny有趣的;C.wrong失常的;D.blind盲目的。 句意:事情就在这时出了 问题。根据下文"The seagulls immediately went (12) .They rushed to the window,30 or 40 birds all trying to (13) at the same time,and pepperoni 一 everywhere.The curtains were falling down,the lamps were falling down,It was a real (14)”可知,事情就在这时出了 问题。故选 Co(10) C.考查名词及语境理解。A.beach海滩;B.driveway私人车道;C.hall大厅;D.table桌子。 句意:Burchill在最近给这家四星级酒店的一封道歉信中说:“我记得我走过长长的大厅,打开房 门,发现满满一群海鸥。"根据下文"and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls* 可知,Burchil走过长长的大厅。故选C。(11) B.考查名词及语境理解。A.application申请;B.apology道歉;C.request要求;D.invitation 邀请。句意:Burchil在最近给这家四星级酒店的一封道歉信中说:“我记得我走过长长的大厅,打 开房门,发现满满一群海鸥。"根据下文“have (15) and I admit responsibility of my (16) In he said in the letter. nl come to you, (17) , to apologize for the-damage I had (18) caused and to ask you to(19) my lifetime ban from the hotel."”可知,Burchill 给酒店写了一封道歉信。故选 B。(12) D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.hungry饥饿的;B.dead死亡的;C.missing失踪的;D.wild疯 狂的。句意:海鸥立刻变得疯狂起来。根据下文"They rushed to the window,30 or 40 birds all trying to(13) at the same time,and pepperoni-everywhere.”可知,海鸥被突然回到房间的 Burchill 吓到了, 变得疯狂起来。故选D。(14) B.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.wakeup醒来;B.get out出去;C.takeoff起飞;D上reak in 闯入。句意:它们冲到窗口,30或40只鸟都想同时出去,到处都是意大利香肠。根据上文“They rushed to the window”及生活常识可知,鸟看到人类很害怕,想同时从窗户逃出去。故选B。(15) A.考查名词及语境理解。A.mess混乱;B.puzzle不解之谜;C.fight打架;D.challenge挑战。 句意:窗帘在落下,灯也在落下,真是一团糟。根据上文”The curtains were falling down,the lamps were fallig down”可知,现场一片混乱。故选A。(16) D.考查动词及语境理解。A.recovered恢复;B.retired退休;C.escaped逃跑;D.matured成熟。 句意:”我成熟了,我承认对自己的行为负责,”他在信中说。根据下文"and I admit responsibility of my (16) In可知,这里意思是Burchil认为自己成熟了。故选D。(17) D.考查名词及语境理解。A.suffering苦难;B.plans计划;C.madness疯狂;D.actions行为。 句意:”我成熟了,我承认对自己的行为负责,”他在信中说。根据“1 come to you, (17) , to apologize for the-damage I had (18) caused and to ask you to (19) my lifetime ban from the hotel.”可知,Burchil 承认对自己的行为负责。故选D。(18) C.考查固定短语及语境理解。A.hands in pocket手放在口袋里;B.nose in the air目中无人; Chat in hand毕恭毕敬地;D.feet on the ground脚踏实地。句意:我来找你,恭恭敬敬地,为我间 接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。根据”t。apologize for the-damage I had (18) caused and to ask you to (19) my lifetime ban from the hotel.”及生活常识可 知向别人道歉,应该表明自己是毕恭毕敬地。故选C。(19) A.考查副词及语境理解。A.indirectly 间接;B.deliberately 故意地;C.cautiously 谨慎地;D.secretl 秘密地。句意:我来找你,恭恭敬敬地,为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁 止入住酒店的决定。根据上文"The curtains were falling down,the lamps were falling down”可知,作 者携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥,海鸥在逃跑的过程中,造成了一些东西的损坏,Burch川间接 给酒店造成了损失。故选A。(20) C.考查动词及语境理解。A.replace取代;B.remember记得;C.reconsider重新考虑;D.renew 更新。句意:我来找你,恭恭敬敬地,为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止 入住酒店的决定。根据后文"my lifetime ban from the hotel."和下文"Banned from the hotel since 2001.Burchill is now welcome to come back,the Fairmont said."可知,Burchil 请求酒店重新考虑自己 被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。故选C。(21) B.考查动词及语境理解。A.arrived到达;B.worked起作用;C.ended结束;D.disappeared 消失。句意:他的信起作用了。®iTHBanned from the hotel since 2001.Burchil is now welcome to come back,the Fairmont said."可知,他的信起作用 了。故选 B。这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了 Burchill住酒店时,给朋友携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥,海鸥 在逃跑的过程中,造成了一些东西的损坏,Burchi间接给酒店造成了损失。酒店把Burchil列入了 黑名单,Burchil被终身禁止入住该酒店。Burchil诚恳地写了道歉信,请求酒店重新考虑自己被终 身禁止入住酒店的决定。最终,他的信起作用了。做完形填空首先要通读全文,了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格,所以,必须先通读一 至两遍,才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句,做一句。其次要逐句分析,前后一致。答 案全部填完后,再通读一遍文章,检查是否通顺流畅,用词得当,意思正确。41 .【答案】【小题1】for【小题2】application【小题3】directly【小题4】beneficial【小题5 which【小题6】allowing【小题7】edited【小题8】varieties小题 9 will be expected【小题10 and【解析】(