备战2023年高考高中英语语法专项突破训练专题08-非谓语动词.docx

专题人非谓语动同重难点分析动词分两种：一、谓语动词；二、非谓语动词。非谓语动词是高考的重点，每年必考！追踪这几年高 考英语可以发现，主要考查了非谓语动词的一般用法和含义，但是题目的设计注重了情景化，结构较为复 杂，考生应予以重视，并下大力气掌握好非谓语动词的用法。一、非谓语动词的分类、构成与功能一览表非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定时to do, to be doing, to have done, to have been doingto be done, to have been done在to、动名 词、分词前 +not/neverfor sb. to do sth.具有名词、副词和形容词 的作用，在句中作主语、 定语、表语、宾语、状语、 宾补（在 let, make, see, feel, notice等动词后作宾补时 不带to）分词现在分词doing, having donebeing done, having been done具有副词、形容词的作用， 在句中作定语、表语、状 语、宾补（常用在see, find, feel, keep, get, have 等动词 之后）过去分词done动名词doing, having donebeing done, having been donesb.'s doing具有名词的作用，在句中 作主语、定语、表语、宾 语二、作宾语的非谓语动词比较情况常用动词只接不定式作宾 语的动词或短语hope, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happenwould like, take steps/measures/actions, make up one's mind, try one's best, make efforts to只接动名词作宾语的动词或短语mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, avoid, risk, resist, considerfeel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to, adapt to意义基本相begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue （接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一 般或习惯行为）两 者 都 可 以同need, want, allow, require （接动名词主动形式是表被动后、义，右接不ZE式则应用被动 形式）意义相反stop to do停止做手中的事，去做另外一件事stop doing停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regret to do （指动作尚未 发生）；remember/forget/regret doing （指动 作已经发生）go on to do （接着做另外一件事） go on doing （接着做同一件事）try to do （设法；努力去做） try doing （试着做）mean to do （打算做；企图做）mean doing （意思是； 意味着）can,t help （to） do （不能帮忙做）can't help doing忍不住/禁不住要做三、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别类别常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage （接带to 的不定式）主谓关系；强调动作将发生或 已经完成I expect them to win the game.have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make, observe, listen to （接不带 to 的不 定式）I heard him call me several times.现在分词notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel, observe, catch （即：感官动词和使 役动词）主谓关系；强调动作正在进行，尚未完成I found her listening to the radio.过去分词动宾关系；动作已经完成，多 强调状态We found the village greatly changed.四、现在分词和过去分词的用法对比分类 项现在分词过去分词例句意义表示主动意义表示被动意义I can hear him singing.I can hear the song sung in English.动作所表示的动作一般在进行中所表示的动作已完 成China is a developing country while America is a developed one.语义意思为“令人.”意思为“感到.”It is an exciting match, so we are excited.五、特别提示1.关于不定式（1）不定式作介词宾语时，如前面有实义动词do（各种形式），则不定式不带to；否则不能省略to。如： He did nothing all the morning but watch TV. 一早上他啥都没做，就看电视了。He said nothing but to sleep.他什么都没说就睡觉了。(2)不定式作定语时，如果不定式与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，且不定式的动词是不及物动 词，介词不能省略。如：I want a small room to live in.我想住小房间。I need a nice pen to write with.我需要一支好用的笔写字。(3)不定式作感官动词和部分使役动词(let, make)的宾补，动词不定式不带to,但句子变成被动语态时, 要带to。如：I saw him go into the room. 一 He was seen to go into the room.我看见他进了 房间。2.关于分词(1)现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行，不定式作补语表示动作发生的全过程。如：I saw him walking across the road.(正在穿过马路)我看到他正在过马路。I saw him walk across the road.(看到全过程，过了马路了)我看到他过了马路。(2)及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的一般被动式(being done)都有被动意义，前者表示动作完 成，后者表示动作正在进行。如：The picture仔xed on the well was presented by a friend.(已经被订在墙上了)订在墙上的画是一个朋友 送的。The picture being 行xed on the wall was presented by a friend.(正被订在墙上)正在往墙上订的画是一个 朋友送的。注意：不定式有表将来之意。如：The picture to be 行xed on the wall was presented by a friend.(将要被 订在墙上)将要订在墙上的画是一个朋友送的。(3)分词的独立主格结构：如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，需用一个独立结构(即保留 分词的逻辑主语)或者由一个with/without引导的介词短语表达。如：Time permitting, we will do another two exercises.时间允许，我们将再做两个练习。His work finished, he prepared to go home. = With his work finished, he prepared to go home. 完成工作后 他准备回家。3.关于动名词(1)动名词作定语表所修饰词的用途；而现在分词表动作或状态、特征。(2)动名词的复合结构作宾语，动名词的逻辑主语可用宾格代词或不带所有格。但作主语不行。如：Do you mind me/Tom smoking here?你介意我/汤姆在这儿吸烟吗？My/Tom，s smoking here annoyed him.我/汤姆在这儿吸烟让他很恼怒。(3)动名词作主语还可用于"There be no +动名词”结构和布告形式的省略结构中。如：There is no knowing what he will do next.不知道他下一步会做什么。There is no denying the fact that children are more active.不可否认，小孩子更好动。No smoking.禁止吸烟。考点练透一、单句填空用每题括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. (1)to the left, and you will see the bus stop.(2)to the left, you will see the bus stop. (turn)2. (1)many times, he still couldn't understand the question.(2)me the bad news, he went out of the room sadly, (tell)3. (1) Nothing could make us up the hope.(2) Crusoe made a candle light, (give)4. (1) I want your bag.(2) Your eyes want.(3) I want my eyes this afternoon, (examine)5. (1) What's the way Mr. Smith thought of enough money to buy the new house?(2) I am thinking of Tom to repair my bike, (get)6. (1) We don't allow in the office because of the public health.(2) We don't allow anyone in the office because of the public health, (smoke)7. (1) My little brother enjoys nothing but to music.(2) My little brother does nothing all day but to music.(3) My little brother had no choice but to me. (listen)8. (1) The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself.(2) The teacher raised his voice in order to make his students what he said.(3) The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle. (hear)9. (1) The problem is worth again.(2) The problem is worthy again.(3) The problem is worthy of. (discuss)10. (1) The sap (汁液)passes right through their bodies, only(get) a little thicker and sweeter.(2) He worked harder only(fail) again.11.(1) No one can stop us questions.(2) We stopped a schoolboy the way to the teachers9 office, (ask)12. (1)with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.(2) Nearly every great building in Beijing was built south, (face)13. (1) The parents' meeting next Saturday is very important.(2) The 24th Olympic Winter Games in Beijing was a great success.(3) The parents9 meeting in our school now is important. (hold)14. (1)this cake, you need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.(2)the cake, she got down to cooking some milk.(3) I lost my way in complete darkness and,matters worse, it began to rain, (make)15. (1) The room is so dirty that I can't help it.(2) I am too busy, so I can't help the room.(3) The room is too dirty. I can't help but it. (clean)16. (1) I knew I would be busy today, so I had my paper last night.(2) I can't go with you. I have some papers.(3) Do you have any papers, sir? (type)17. (1) With many problems, the president will have a hard time.(2) With the problem, he had a good sleep last night.(3) With the secretary the problem, he is reading the newspaper leisurely in the office, (settle)18(1) "I ever saw him an old man of 500 yuan he said to the police.(2) He was seen an old man of 500 yuan in the street yesterday.(3) Unluckily, the policeman saw him an old man around the corner, (cheat)19. The film was and all of us were very. (disappoint)20. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks(open and close) could be heard outside the classroom.二、语篇填空用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 (fall) in love with a beautiful girl, a lion went to her parents and asked them 2(marry)her to him.The old parents did not know what to say.Not 3 (like) the idea of giving their daughter to the lion, they did not want 4 (anger) the king of beasts.At last the father said, “We are as glad as other parents 5(marry) our daughter to you, but wefear that you might possibly hurt her. So 6 (remove) your claws and teeth, you can marry her.”7 (love) the girl very much, the lion trimmed (修剪)his claws and took out his big teeth.8 (come) to the parents again, he was simply laughed in his face. 9 (beat) out of the house, the lion felt 10 (depress) and died soon.三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。John Keats, lived from 1795 to 1821, was a well-known and talented English poet. Although he died early, he is one of the world's most popular 2 (poet) of all time.3 (bear) in London, Keats suffered a good deal of misfortune from a young age. His father died after 4 (fall) from a horse and his mother passed away from tuberculosis (结核病).Keats was only 15 years old at the time but he became the primary carer for his younger brother, Tom. 5 (sad), Tom also suffered from tuberculosis and died. Two years later, Keats was diagnosed (诊因f) with tuberculosis. On his doctor's advice, he moved from London to Italy 6 (receive) treatment. Unfortunately, he did not recover from the disease and died of tuberculosis in 1821.Although John Keats died early, he 7 (leave) a large body of works. His poem called “Ode on a Grecian Urn”, written in 1819, is often considered to be one of the 8 (great) works in English literature.Since his death, Keats has served 9 a great inspiration to many writers. And his influence has even spread to 10 music world.四、佳作欣赏下面短文中多处使用了非谓语动词的表达，请用心体会其用法，并模仿及掌握。Wealth and happinessSome people prefer wealth, thinkion it can bring haDDiness to them. It is true that most of them try to acquire wealth by means of honest labor. They work hard and overcome many difficulties. Doing this, they feel very happy and pleased. In their view, spending money is a kind of happiness.But others disagree, believing wealth can" bring them happiness. For example, Hearing that one gets a fortune, the family members will come from different parts of the country and try to share the wealth with him. And afterwards, they will quarrel with one another, trying to share more. And sometimes even appear bloody fight and killing. What a terrible result!In my opinion, I think there is no doubt that wealth brings happiness, especially in the modern society. Having money, you can lead a comfortable and colorful life. But we should take a proper attitude towards wealth. Remember： money is not everything.参考答案考点练透一、单句填空1. Turn; Turning 2. Having been told / Told; Having told 3. give; to give 4. to examine; examining/to be examined; to be examined/examined 5. to get; getting 6. smoking; to smoke 7. listening; listen; to listen 8. heard; hear; to be heard 9. discussing; to be discussed; being discussed 10. getting; to fail 11. asking; to ask 12. Faced; facing 13. to be held; held; being held 14. To make; Having made; to make 15. cleaning; (to) clean; clean 16. typed; to type; to be typed 17. to settle; settled; settling 18. cheat; to cheat; cheating 19. disappointing; disappointed 20. being opened and closed二、语篇填空2. Falling 2. to marry 3. liking 4. to anger 5. to marry 6. removing 7. Loving 8. coming 9. Beaten 10. depressed三、语法填空本文主要介绍了英国诗人约翰济慈的家庭、作品及对后世的影响。l.who考查连词。主语是John Keats,谓语是was,主谓之间应是一个非限制性定语从句；该定语从 句缺主语，先行词是John Keats,指人，故填who。3. poets考查名词的数。由"one of 4-可数名词复数形式”可知填poets。4. Born考查非谓语动词。因(be) bom in为固定搭配，意为“出生于”，注意首字母应大写。5. falling考查非谓语动词。在介词后作宾语要用动名词，故填falling。6. Sadly考查词类转换。修饰整个句子作状语，应用副词。7. to receive考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词moved,故receive应为非谓语动词；表示目的，用其不定式形式to receiveo8. left考查时态。主从句时态应保持一致，均用一般过去时，故填left。9. greatest考查形容词最高级。因one of the后接形容词最高级。句意：他的诗作希腊古瓷颂(1819) 被认为是英国文学史上最伟大的作品之一。10. as考查介词。因serve as为固定搭配，意为“充当”。11. the考查冠词。因world前有修饰词music,意为“领域、界。因此须加定冠词the。