备战2023年高考高中英语语法专项突破训练专题09-动词和动词短语.docx

专题九动词和动词短语重难点分析对于动词和动词短语，主要考查词义辨析、动词的用法和搭配、 词多义以及在具体语境中正确使用 动词短语。要特别注意一些最常用的词汇如get, make, have, take以及与它们构成的动词短语等。动词和动 词短语是英语高考语法填空和完形填空的必考点。一、动词分类一览表动词的分类例句行为动词（实义动词）及物动词（近）+宾语He sang a song for us.不及物动词（沅.）后不接宾语He arrived late.+介词He arrived in Wuhan at 10 a.m.系动词表人和事物的特征和状态:be, feel, appear, seem, look, sound, smell, taste 等He seems angry.表状态变化：become, get, go, turn, grow, fall 等The fish went bad.表状态的延续或持续：keep, stay, remain等He remained silent.助动词be, have, do, shall, will等，不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形或 分词一起构成谓语的各种形式I have bought a car.情态动词can/could, may/might, shall/should, will/would, must, need, dare等He may come tomorrow.注意：有些动词是兼类诃。如：We have lunch at 12.（行为动词）/ We have been to Japan.（助动词）二、动词短语构成一览表动词短语构成示例例句动词+副词break out 爆发The Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1931.动词+介词agree with 同意I agree with you on that point.动词+副词+介词come up with想出；提出I came up with a good idea.动词+名词+介词make use of 禾用You should make full use of your time.动词+名词take place 发生Great changes are taking place in our life.三、常用动词短语归纳常用动词 come, go, keep, look, make, put, take, turn, get 的相关搭配1. comecome about发生；造成come across偶然遇到come after追踪；总艮在后面come along 一道走； 赶快come at向扑过来come from 来自come on跟随；上演；赶快；加油come out出来；出版；结果是come to （oneself）苏醒；总共；达到；涉及come into being/existence 出现； 开始形成； 成立come to an agreement 达成协议come to a close/an end 终止； 结束come to life 活过来come to light泄露;被发现come to mind 想起； 回忆起come to the point （讲话、写文章等）切中要害come to the/one rescue 营救；帮助come true实现；变成现实come up with想出；提出come in进来；上市；流行起来；（比赛中）得名次（come in second得第二名）2.gogo about此处走动go after追赶；追捕；追求go ahead前进；说吧；走吧；做吧（口语）go all out to do sth.全力以赴做某事go beyond超出；超出的能力go by从经过/通过；时间流逝go back to追溯到；回顾go down下降；下跌go in for参与；从事；爱好go around/round绕道；四处走动；（故事、3 keepke叩away不靠近；远离keep back向后退；保留keep in mind 记住； 把记在心里keep in order保持整齐；使井井有条keep in touch with 保持联系go into进入；从事go off离开某地；爆炸go over复习；超过期限；审阅；仔细查看go out熄灭；出去；过时go through穿过；经受go too far太过分；走得太远go with相配（同义词match）go well with协调；相配go wrong出错；发生故障;萦绕keep one,s ears open留心细听；倾听keep one eyes open 留心； 注意keep out不让入内；不要进来keep out of不参与；不牵涉进去；置身事外keep quiet保持安静keep up with 品艮上look like看起来像look out （of）当心；小心；向外看look through浏览；看穿look up仰视；查找（字典、电话本等）look up to sb.尊敬look up and down上下打量（某人）look to指望；寄望；依靠look on袖手旁观look over仔细检查be made up of由组成/构成make tea/coffee泡茶/泡咖啡make a living 某人make a difference有影响；有关系make full use of 充分利用make excuses 超借 口 ；辩解make a contribution to 为做贡献make a complaint 提出 投诉put on穿上；上演put out扑灭；吹灭put up举起；张贴put up with忍受；忍耐put one's heart into 全心全意投入put in prison投入监狱put on weight 增肥keep up your courage鼓起勇气；保持勇气keep off不接近；保持距离；避开；回避（某话题）4. looklook about/around 四周环顾look after 照顾look ahead向前看；展望未来look at 看look back回顾；回过头看look down upon 看不起look down one9s nose at 傲慢；轻视某人look forward to 期待look into 调查5. makemake sense说得通；有意义；言之有理make up构成make up for弥补;补偿make up one9s mind 下决心； 决定make an effort to / make efforts to 努力； 尽力make oneself heard让自己被别人听到make good sense / no sense 有 意义/没意义make fun of嘲笑；取笑make a deep impression on sb.给某人留下深刻印象6. putput away放好；收起来put aside放在一边；暂时不做；留出put back放回原处put down放下；拒绝；写下来put forward提出（计划、建议等）putoff推迟；延期；脱掉（衣服等）put into use投入使用put through 做完；完成；接通电话（二8。1: through）7. taketake away拿走；带走take back拿回来take A for B把A误认为是Btake part in 参力Htake advantage of 利用take care of 照顾take charge of 负责；管理take a chance 碰运气take hold of抓住；掌握take notice of 留心；注意8. turnturn against背叛；反对turn around 转身；转过来turn up调大声；出现turn down调小声；拒绝turn on打开turn off 关掉turn.into. 把变成9. getget accustomed to 习惯于getacross度过；通过；说服；使理解get ahead of胜过；超过get on/along well with 与相处融洽get away with侥幸逃脱；避免受罚get away from 拜托get back取回；回来；报复get down to认真对待；静下心来get familiar with 熟悉take the opportunity of 抓住机会take the place of 代替take the risk of 冒的险take off脱下;起飞take up占据（时间、地方等）；从事于take in吸收；欺骗take in turn 依次take a shower 冲凉take pride in = be proud of 为感到骄傲turn in 上交（二hand in）turn out to be结果是；结局是turn over翻动;翻过turn to转向；求助于turn right/left 右转/左转turn away解雇；把打发走turn back 折回get hold of获得；取得get into trouble 陷入麻烦get into bad habits 染上恶习get off下车get on上车get out of从出来get over越过；克服get ready for为作准备get rid of除去；去掉；免除；摆脱get through通过;及格;接通get together积聚；积累get up起床；起立get used to习惯于考点练透一、短语翻译根据句意将下列句子划线部分的英文翻译成中文。1. Striking a proper balance between study and rest keeps us energetic and a healthy diet is useful as well. （翻译：）2. They can't teach children learning, let alone offering their psychological and moral education.（翻译： ）3. So the whole society should pay special attention to this social phenomenon.（翻译： ）4. It is a custom in China to have some tea or other drinks before the meal is served.（翻译： ）5. Some people say that the key to success is the luck, so they never work hard and of course can only envy others' success.（翻译：）6. Just as the famous saying by Einstein goes, success is 99% of hard work and 1% of the fortune.（翻译： ）7. Therefore, I wish all of us achieve success through our hard work!（翻译： ）8. Besides, studying abroad can not only broaden their horizons but also deepen their understanding of the culture and customs in that country.（翻译： ）9. However I think it difficult for them to adapt to the new environment.（番羽译： ）10. So it would be better to go abroad after they have finished their college at home, when they are mure capable of learning and living on their own.（翻译： ）11. As you know, we Chinese take pride iv our original hair color and we are fine with it.（番招译： ）12. In my opinion, those with different hair colors, tuminq a blind eye to school rules, are not worth learning from because they just want to make themselves noticed.（翻译： ）13. It is known to us that nowadays middle school students are diligent in their studies for the prosperous future of their motherland.（番羽译： ）14. No pain, no gains. Therefore I'd like to say to those who'd like to cheat in exams, “Get down to work now and don't cheat yourself any more.”（翻译： ）15. Thousands of trees have been cut down per year, so in return soil is becoming more and more barren （贫 瘠的），and meanwhile, the air is getting worse and worse.（翻译： ）16. We are supposed to live harmonious with nature.（翻译： ）17. I am writing you a letter in order to apply for a position in your company.（翻4 译： ）18. Li Ming is very strict with herself in her work and daily life, and is always ready to help other people. （翻译：）19. My own experience can also well illustrate the importance of praise.(翻4 译： )20. I began to put my heart into study, listening attentively in class and finishing my homework on time. (翻译：)21.1 strongly suggest that all of us try to spot others' strong points and not be mean with our praise.(翻 译：)二、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Qiao is a sixth-grader at Yuhui Primary School. He is only 12 years old has been smoking for three years. Liu, 15, is 2 Junior 2 student at Chicheng No. 2 Middle School. He 3 (begin) smoking four years ago. "Smoking is part of my life/5 Liu said. Qiao and Liu are not those boys' real names. But their problem, smoking, is a very real problem. In many countries, smoking 4 (become) a bigger problem for young people. Most smokers start in their teens (years of a person's age from 13 to 19) or 5 (early).A study of 8,000 Beijing students last April told us that smoking is a problem for many Chinese kids. More than 21% of middle school students and 6% of primary school pupils said 6 smoked.“7 young people start smoking early, they will probably get addicted 8 nicotine. And it willbe very hard to give up later on J said a professor.Every year, about four million people die because of smoking. And if people keep smoking, that number 9 (go) up to about ten million a year by 2030, the World Health Organization (WHO) says. 10 we have to learn and tell others about the dangers of smoking.三、佳作欣赏下面是一篇摘自全国英语高考书面表达的范文，文中有许多精彩且灵活的语言表达， 其中也包含有动词或动词短语，用心体会其用法。Dear editor,From the questioimaires we have received, we can find the fact that less families are satis行ed with the relationship between children and their parents.Only 30% parents are satisfied with their relationship with their children, for their children are considerate to others, diligent and easy te communicate with, and above all, they are honest and respect their parents. The democratic atmosphere of the family and the time parents spent communicatine with them contribute to this.However, about 70% parents are unsatisfied with their relationship with their children, sayine that their children are selfish and difficult to communicate with. What's worse, they sometimes tell lies and don't form a 口ood habit in life and study. The reasons are as follows: they are too busy to communicate with their children and instruct them in doing everything and the society has a great influence on them.It is clear that parents should spare more time communicating with their children however busy they are.Yours Lihua参考答案考点练透一、短语翻译1.在学习和休息之间取得适当的平衡2.更别提/更别说3.特别注意4.饭前5.成功的关键； 妒忌别人的成功6.成功是99%的努力加上1%的运气7.取得成功8.开阔视野9.适应新环境10. 更有能力自己学习和生活11.为感到自豪12.对视而不见13.为了祖国的繁荣昌盛14. 开始认真学习吧15.反过来/作为回报16.应该17.申请18.总是乐于助人19.说明表扬的重要 性20.全心投入学习21.我强烈建议；发现别人的优点，不要吝啬我们的赞美二、语法填空本文主要讲述我国中小学生吸烟的问题和现状。1. but根据He is only 12 years old可知,此处显然存在一个转折关系，故填but。2. a不定冠词的基本用法，在此意为“一个”。3. began根据空后的four years ago可知用一般过去式。4. is becoming此句是问题的现状，故用现在进行时。5. earlier根据前面的in their teens可知，此处存在隐形比较级。6. they 缺少主语填代词。they 在此指代前面的 21% of middle school students and 6% of primary school pupils o7. If空后是两个分句，故填连接词。再根据句意，此处明显存在一个表条件的关系，故填If引导条 件状语从句。注意首字母要大写。8. to 固定搭配get addicted to意为“对上瘾”。9. will go根据前面的条件状语从句if people keep smoking可知，此处用一般将来时。习惯句型: If.,will意为"如果, 将10. So根据上下语境，此处显然存在一个表"所以”的意思。S。是个表因果关系的并列连词。助读词汇teens n.十几岁addicted adj.上瘾的nicotine n. 尼古丁go up to 上升到primary school 小学 World Health Organization 世界卫生组织