广东省广州市华南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试题（解析版）.docx

华南师大附中2023届高三年级第一次月考英语第一部分阅读（共两节；满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。The Horizontal Oak: A life in NatureBy Poly Pullar,Growing up in a remote region of the Scottish Highlands, Polly Pullar's childhood was pleasant, simple, and peaceful. But the wild beauty formed a backdrop to a series of major family tragedies. This is the story of how she rebuilt her life from the ground up, supported by the natural world around her.Wildlife WalksBy Charlotte Varela,Bloomsbury, £ 16.99Take a walk through the Wildlife Trusts' nature reserves with this handy guide that showcases some of our nation's best forests, moors, woodlands and coastal locations. Each walk includes a description of the site, instructions on how to get there, available facilities and the route's walking time.Where the Seals SingBy Susan Richardson,William Collins, £20Having long been fascinated by seals, Susan Richardson sets out to follow their pupping season （繁殖季）.As she journeys from Cornwall to Norfolk, she learns more about these mystical creatures, while sharing personal stories about the comforting role they have played during times of grief or anxiety in her own life.In the Name of PlantsBy Sandra Knapp,University of Chicago Press, £ 20Botanist Sandra Knapp digs into the stories behind plant names, exploring the people who have been immortalized （使永生），from Benjamin Franklin to Lady Gaga. The 30 plants inside are accompanied by botanical drawings from the Natural History Museum.1. Which of the books does not involve a story?As much as 80 percent of premature heart disease is preventable by making specific lifestyle choices. Some strategies, such as exercising and managing weight, are well known. 16 "A small change in your everyday routine can potentially have a big impact in the long run,“ says preventive cardiologist （心、脏病学家）Dr. Beth Abramson, a spokesperson for the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada.Get eight hours of sleep. "When you're not rested, everything that happens in your life is a lot more stressfill,'' says Dr.Arya Sharma, founder of the Canadian Obesity Network. If we're short of sleep, our bodies also have more difficulty controlling blood pressure, inflammation （炎症）and blood sugar levels. 17Engage in volunteer work. 18 Research published in Psychosomatic Medicine in 2016 showed that a feeling of purpose in life is linked to a lower likelihood of heart attack and stroke. C6We know that loneliness is a risk factor for heart health J adds Sharma. u Volunteering gets you out of the house and creates a social network.19 A recent study in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that healthy people who skipped breakfast were almost three times more likely to have heart disease six years later than those who had a substantial morning meal. One possible reason: "If you're eating a proper breakfast, you're less likely to be hungry later and make poor food choices,“ says Abramson. “We need to eat a balanced diet as part of a healthy lifestyle." 20A. Eat breakfast.B. But others may not have crossed your mind.C. Volunteering might even increase your physical activity.D. These factors can all have an impact on heart and blood health.E. Choose whole-grain, low-fat breakfast foods and include fruit.F. Eat healthy food rich in protein and fiber but low in fat and sugarG. Doing good for others helps your self-esteem and relieves stress.【答案】16.B17. D 18. G 19. A 20. E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍三种人们意想不到的促进心脏健康的方法。【16题详解】根据前文 “As much as 80 percent of premature heart disease is preventable by making specific lifestyle choices. Some strategies, such as exercising and managing weight, are well known.（多达 80%的过早的心脏病是可以通过 选择特定的生活方式来预防的。有些策略，如锻炼和控制体重，是众所周知的。）”和后文""Asmall change in your everyday routine can potentially have a big impact in the long run J says preventive cardiologist （心脏病学 家）Dr. Beth Abramson, a spokesperson for the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada.（加拿大心脏和中风基金会 发言人、预防心脏病专家贝丝艾布拉姆森博士说：“从长远来看，日常生活中的一个小改变可能会产生巨 大的影响。"）”可知，一些健康的生活方式是众所周知的，但其它的或许你不会想到，前后句之间为转折 关系。所以选择项B “But others may not have crossed your mind.（但你可能没想过其它的。）”符合上下文语 境。故选B。【17题详解】根据前文 “If we're short of sleep, our bodies also have more difficulty controlling blood pressure, inflammation （炎 症）and blood sugarlevels.（如果我们睡眠不足，我们的身体也更难控制血压、炎症和血糖水平。）”可知，没 有充足的睡眠会导致身体健康问题，当然也会对心脏健康产生影响。所以选择项D uThese factors can all have an impact on heart and blood health.（这些因素都会对心脏和血液健康产生影响。）“符合上下文语境。故选Do 【18题详解】根据本段中心句“Engage in volunteer work.（参加志愿者工作。）”和后文Research published in Psychosomatic Medicine in 2016 showed that a feeling of purpose in life is linked to a lower likelihood of heart attack and stroke. 'We know that loneliness is a risk factor for heart health,' adds Sharma. 'Volunteering gets you out of the house and creates a social network（2016年发表在心身医学上的一项研究表明，生活的目标感与心 脏病和中风的较低可能性有关。“我们知道孤独是心脏健康的一个风险因素，”沙玛补充说。“志愿活动 让你走出家门，建立社交网络。可知，参加志愿者活动，可以减少孤独感，缓解压力，从而预防心脏 病的发生。所以选择项 G “Doing good for others helps your self-esteem and relieves stress.（为他人做好事可以 帮助你提升自尊，缓解压力。）”符合上下文语境。故选G。【19题详解】这里是本段的小标题。根据后文 “ A recent study in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that healthy people who skipped breakfast were almost three times more likely to have heart disease six years later than those who had a substantial morning meal. One possible reason: *If you're eating a proper breakfast, you're less likely to be hungry later and make poor food choices,' says Abramson.（美国心脏病学会杂志最近的一项研究发现， 不吃早餐的健康人6年后患心脏病的可能性几乎是那些吃丰盛早餐的人的三倍。一个可能的原因是：“如 果你吃了一顿合适的早餐，你稍后就不太可能感到饥饿，也不太可能做出糟糕的食物选择，”艾布拉姆松 说。）”可知，本段主要介绍吃早餐对心脏的好处。所以选择项A “Eatbreakfast.（吃早餐。）”符合上下文语 境。故选A。【20题详解】根据前文“We need to eat a balanced diet as part of a healthy lifestyle.（作为健康生活方式的一部分，我们需要 均衡饮食。）”可知，这里对均衡饮食作了具体的说明。所以选择项E “Choose whole-grain, low-fat breakfast foods and include fruit.（选择全麦，低脂的早餐，包括水果。）”符合上下文语境。故选E。第二部分 语言运用（共两节；满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Amy Jandrisevits knows the value of a good doll. "Dolls have a 21 we don't completely understand/9 she said. It's a 22 she came to while working as a social worker using dolls to help her young clients 23 their changing medical situations. Many of the kids saw themselves in those dolls. But for the kids who had 24 a leg or lost their hair, there were 25. they could relate to.So, seven years ago, when a friend revealed that her child had facial deformities （缺陷）,Jandrisevits knew what might help the youth through the 26 period. "It's hard to tell a kid, "You are perfect the way you are/ and to build 27 that way, but never offer them anything that 28 like them J she says.Jandrisevits crafted a doll by hand using fabric, sewing, and markersthat looked similar to her friend's child and 29 the gift. After the friend posted a photo online of the 30 child and doll, Jandrisevits was asked to make dolls for 31 with scars, birthmarks, tracheotomies （气管切开术） in short, a doll like them. She quit her job and started a nonprofit to 32 her services.At home, it takes her roughly seven hours to craft each doll based on photos sent by 33 or caregivers. She has made over 400 dolls, and the waiting list is long, but Jandrisevits is 34. As she explains, "Every kid,regardless of age, ethnicity _21. A. character22. A. decision35 issue, or body type, should look into the sweet face of a doll and see their own.”B. strengthB. conclusionC. powerC. agreementD.secretD. situation23. A. go againstB. look backC. adapt toD. carry on24. A. brokenB. missedC. hurtD. cured25. A. manyB. onesC. someD. none26. A. finalB. challengingC. uglyD. long27. A. self-esteemB. self-disciplineC. self-careD. self-service28. A. actsB. feelsC. looksD. grows29. A. sent offB. handed inC. took awayD. gave out30. A. cryingB. frowningC. sleepingD. smiling31. A. childrenB. patientsC. peopleD. doctors32. A. sellB. displayC. donateD.send33. A. childrenB. relativesC. friendsD. parents34. A. optimisticB. reliableC. enthusiasticD. thoughtful35. A. genderB. personalC. medicalD. mental【答案】2LC22. B 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D 31.A 32. C 33. D 34. C 35. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了艾米专做“有缺陷的”玩具娃娃，给无数孩子带去温暖。 【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：娃娃有一种我们无法完全理解的力量。A. character性格；B. strength长处；C. power 力量；D. secret 秘密。由后文 “using dolls to help young clients 3 their changing medical situations可知，用娃娃帮助年轻客户适应他们不断变化的医疗状况，所以娃娃有一种我们不能完全理解的力量，故 选C项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是她在做社会工作者时得出的结论，她用娃娃帮助年轻客户适应他们不断变 化的医疗状况。A. decision 决定；B. conclusion 结论;C. agreement 协定；D. situation 情况。根据后文 “she came to while working as a social worker using dolls to help her young clients 3 their changing medical situations.v 可知，这是她在做社会工作者时得出的结论。故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：这是她在做社会工作者时得出的结论，她用娃娃帮助年轻客户适应他们不断变 化的医疗状况。A. go against违背；B. look back追忆；C.adapt to适应；D.carry on继续。根据后文“their changing medical situationsv根据常识可知，是适应他们不断变化的医疗状况。故选C项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但对于那些失去了一条腿或掉了头发的孩子来说，他们没有任何联系。A. broken 损坏；B.missed错过、失去;C.hurt伤害;D.cured治愈。根据后文“or lost their hair”可知,空处和lost 并列，所以应该是失去一条腿。故选B项。【25题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：但对于那些失去了一条腿或掉了头发的孩子来说，他们没有任何联系。A. many 许多人（或物）；B. ones一个；C. some 有些；D. none 没有一个。根据前文 uMany of the kids saw themselves in those dolls. But for the kids who had 4 a leg or lost their hair” 可知，此处表转折，所以指没人可以联 系之意。故选D项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，七年前，当一位朋友透露她的孩子有面部畸形时，詹德里塞维茨知道 怎样才能帮助孩子度过这段充满挑战的时期。A. final最终的；B. challenging挑战性的；C ugly丑陋的；D. long 长的。根据前文 “seven years ago, when a friend revealed that her child had facial deformities可知,孩子有面部畸形，所以是充满挑战的时期。故选B项。【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说：“很难对孩子说，'你现在这样就很完美了 '，也很难用这种方式建立自 尊,但永远不要给他们任何看起来像他们的东西。" A. self-esteem自尊（心）；B. self-discipline自律;C.self-care 自我护理；D. self-service自助服务。根据前文"You are perfect the way you aren可知，前文提到孩子有面部 畸形，所以此处告诉他你现在这样就很完美了，是为了给他建立自尊心。故选A项。28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“很难对孩子说，'你现在这样就很完美了'，也很难用这种方式建立自 尊，但永远不要给他们任何看起来像他们的东西。" A. acts行为；B. feels觉得；C.looks看；D. grows长大。 根据后文"that looked similar to her friend child可知，是看起来像他们的东西。故选C项。【29题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：詹德里塞维斯用布料、缝纫和记号笔手工制作了一个洋娃娃，看起来和她朋友 的孩子很像，并把礼物寄了出去。A. sent off寄出；B.handed in递交；C.took away带走；D. gave out发给。 根据后文 After the friend posted a photo online of the 10 child and dolK"可知，詹德里塞维斯把洋娃娃 作为礼物寄给朋友。故选A项。30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位朋友在网上发布了一个微笑的孩子和洋娃娃的照片后，让德里塞维茨被要 求为有伤疤、有痣、有气管切开术的孩子制作洋娃娃简而言之，就是像他们一样的洋娃娃。A. crying 哭泣；B. frowning 皱眉；C. sleeping 睡觉；D. smiling 微笑。根据后文 “Jandrisevits was asked to make dolls for 11 with scars, birthmarks, tracheotomies可知，詹德里塞维斯被要求再做洋娃娃，可知朋友的孩子对洋娃娃很满意，所以是一个微笑的孩子，故选D项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位朋友在网上发布了一个微笑的孩子和洋娃娃的照片后，詹德里塞维斯被要 求为有伤疤、有痣、有气管切开术的孩子制作洋娃娃简而言之，就是像他们一样的洋娃娃。A. children 孩子们；B. patients病人;C. people人们；D. doctors 医生。根据前文 “It's a 2 she came to while working as a social worker using dolls to help her young clients 3 their changing medical situations. “ 可知， 是帮助孩子们。故选A项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她辞掉了工作，成立了一个非营利组织来赠送服务。A. sell出售；B. display陈 列；C. donate 赠送;D. send 邮寄。根据前文 “She quit her job and started a nonprofit” 可推知，詹德里塞维 斯辞掉了工作，成立了一个非营利组织来赠送服务。故选c项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在家里，她根据父母或看护人发来 照片制作每个娃娃大约需要7个小时。A. children 孩子们；B. relatives 亲戚;C. friends 朋友;D. parents 父母。根据后文 “or caregivers” 可知，空处 和caregivers并列，结合选项，此处应是父母和看护人并列。故选D项。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她已经制作了 400多个玩偶，等待的名单很长，但詹德里塞维斯很热情。A. optimistic 乐观的;B. reliable 可信赖的;C. enthusiastic 热情的;D. thoughtful 体贴的。根据后文 “As she explains, “Every kid, regardless of age, ethnicity 15 issue, or body type, should look into the sweet face of a doll and see their own.”"可知，虽然Jandrisevits做了很多玩偶，但是为了为了孩子依旧很热情。故选C项。【35题详解】考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：正如她解释的那样，“每个孩子，无论年龄、种族、医疗问题或体型，都应 该看着洋娃娃可爱的脸，看到自己的脸。”A. gender性别；B. personal个人的；C.medical医学的;D. mental 精神的。根据前文"It's a 2 she came to while working as a social worker using dolls to help her young clients 3 their changing medical situations."可知，本文主要说的是帮助有病的孩子，所以此处应是 医疗问题。故选C项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。One year ago, China rolled out the "double reduction, policy to ease the burden of excessive core-subjects homework and off-campus tutoring faced by middle and primary school students. The policy not only allows children more time to rest and play, but also allows them to obtain the nutrition 36 (need) for their all-around moral, intellectual and physical development.Positive changes 37 (take) place. Compared with a year ago, students now have more independent, diversified 38 (choose) of extracurricular activities to explore, and can develop their interests and abilities. 39 opens up new horizons for them.To Yue Xinyu. 40 third-grader in central China's Wuhan City, a notable change is that her primary school classes now finish 41 (early) in the afternoon than before. "After class, we can opt for 42 (vary) interest-oriented classes and workshops," the eight-year-old student said.Football, basketball, opera classes and clay workshops, are available 43 lower graders, while senior primary students have more alternatives, including 44 (program) and dance.A dance lover herself, Yue is eager to join the school's club 45 she becomes old enough. She now takes off-campus Latin dance lessons in her spare time. Gliding on the dance floor makes her feel relaxed and confident, she said.【答案】36. needed37. have taken38. choices39. which 40. a41. earlier42. various43. to 44. progamming45. when【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国 “双减”政策推出后学生们的变化和感受。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这项政策不仅让孩子们有更多的时间休息和玩耍，而且让他们获得德、智、体全 面发展所需的营养。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作后置定语，因为need和nutrition之间是被动 关系，所以用过去分词needed作后置定语表被动关系。故填needed。【37题详解】考查动词的时态。句意：积极的变化发生了。分析句式可知，此处用现在完成时表示变化已经发生，且take place是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态。故填have taken。【38题详解】考查名词。句意：与一年前相比，现在的学生有了更多独立、多样化的课外活动选择去探索，可以发展自 己的兴趣和能力，这为他们打开了新的视野。根据空格前的形容词diversified可知，形容词应该修饰名词， 所以此处应该用提示词的名词形式。故填choices。【39题详解】考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which来引导。故填whicho【40题详解】考查冠词。句意：对中国中部城市武汉的三年级学生岳新宇来说，一个显著的变化是她的小学课程现在比 以前提早结束了。分析句意可知，岳新宇是一名三年级学生，所以用不定冠词a表示泛指“一个”符合语 境。故填a。41题详解】考查比较级。句意：同上。根据下文的than可知，此处应该用提示词的比较级形式。故填earlier。【42题详解】考查形容词。句意：这位8岁的学生说：“下课后，我们可以选择各种兴趣导向型课程和研讨会。”分析句式结构可知，此处应该用提示词的形容词形式作定语修饰名词classes。故填various。【43题详解】考查固定短语。句意：低年级学生可以参加足球、篮球、歌剧课和黏土工作坊，而高年级的小学生则有更 多的选择，包括编程和舞蹈。分析句意再根据available可知，此处用介词to构成固定短语be available to表 示“可得到的、可利用的”符合语境。故填t。【44题详解】考查动名词。句意：同上。分析句意再根据提示词可知，此处用名词progamming表示“编程”符合语境。故填 progammingo【45题详解】考查状语从句。句意：她本人也是一名舞蹈爱好者，她渴望在长大后加入学校的舞蹈俱乐部。结合句意再 分析句式结构可知，此处用when来引导时间状语从句符合语境。故填when。第三部分 写作（共两节；满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假如你是李华，在今天的外教阅读课上，你做数学作业被外教老师John发现，没收了你的作业。请你 给他写一封信，内容包括：1、表示歉意；2、说明原因；3、希望他谅解并作出保证。Dear John,Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear John,I sincerely apologize for doing math homework in your class today. I would appreciate it if you can forgive me.Having been caught doing other things in your class, I know any excuse is meaningless. However, I did so because my mother happened to fall ill yesterday and I had to send her to hospital and look after h