2023年1月上海市春季高考英语仿真试卷（五）Word版含解析.docx

绝密考试结束前2023年1月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海春考英语仿真模拟试卷（五）I. Listening Comprehension Section A （第 1-10 题，每题 1 分；第 11-20 题，每题 1.5 分；共 25 分）Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of eachconversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper.and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. The broadcast.B. The latest news.2. A. She enjoyed her holiday very much.B. She did very well in the test.C. She worked hard and earned a lot of money.D. She needn't have worked hard fbr the exam.3. A. Riding a horse.C. Playing a game.4. A. The woman didn't get the result of the match.B. The result was not available in the newspaper.C. There was little about the soccer match on TV.D. The result of the soccer match wasn't announced.5. A. At a hotel.C. At a bank.6. A. There are about ten minutes left.C. There are quite a few minutes left.7. A. Have a good sleep.C. Turn on the air-conditioner.C. The weather. D. The holiday.B.Watching TVD. Taking a photoB. In a repair shop.D. In a department store.B. There's a quarter left.D. There are only a few people atB. Offer the professor a drink.D. Go to the cafeteria.8. A. All the concerts on campus are free to the students.B. The university students are free to choose their scats.C. The university students can go to the rock concert in their free time .D. The university students needn't pay fbr the Saturday rock concert.人发电。故选B。【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：暴饮暴食、营养不良和浪费都在增加，增加的粮食生产未来可能面临水资源短 缺的限制。A. resources资源；B. scarcity缺乏，不足；C. supplies供给；D. demand需求。此处强调暴饮暴 食、营养不良和浪费等问题会增加水资源的短缺。故选B。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要一个新的方法来养活未来的世界。A. provide提供；Braise举起，升起： C. feed 喂养；D. satisfy 使满意。根据前文“Other options to feed people include eliminating waste and increasing between countries in food surplus and those in deficit.”可知，此处强调人类寻找新的方法来养活未来的世界。故选C。【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：另份报告称，对撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚国家来说，保护数百万农民免受粮食 不安全的最好方法是帮助他们投资小型水泵和简单技术，而不是开发昂贵的大规模灌溉项目。A. problem问 题；B. insecurity不安全；C. safety安全：D. production产量。根据后文“was to help them”可知，此处指撒哈 拉以南非洲和南亚国家数百万农民遭受着粮食不安全问题。故选Bo【52题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. large大的；B. efficient高效的；C. small小的；D. beneficial有益处 的。根据后文“rather than to 13 expensive, large-scale irrigation projects.”可知，此处与后文形成对比，梢助他们投资小型水泵和简单技术。故选C。【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. develop发展；B. research研究；C. abandon遗弃；D. experiment做实 验。根据后文“irrigation projects”可知，此处表示开发昂贵的大规模灌溉项目。故选A。【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：发展中国家的农民越来越依赖于小规模的、与当地相关的水资源解决方案，并 从中受益。A. energy能源,精力;B. solutions解决;C. channels渠道；D. origin起源。根据前文的“relying on and benefiting”可知，此处指依赖和受益于相关的水资源解决方案。故选B。【55题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些技术可以使产展提高300%,并为撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚的家庭增加数百 亿美元的收入0A. national国家的；B. local当地的；C. household家用的；D. annual每年的。根据前文“Farmers across the developing world are increasingly relying on and benefiting from small-scale”可知，这些技术可以使产 量提高300%,并为撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚的家庭增加数百亿美元的收入。故选C。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Teenagers will be told to “stand up fbr their elders“ on public transport-or risk losing their right to free travel.London Mayor Boris Johnson will introduce plans lately to make youngsters sign a “courtesy pledge” to promise to behave in a respect fill manner when traveling in the capital. The three-point pledge states that they will give up their scats to the elderly, pregnant and disabled; refrain（克制）f?om using offensive or threatening language; and be courteous and polite to fellow passengers and staff. Those who refuse, or arc caught behaving in a loutish manner, will have their free travel passes removed.The plana key part of Mr. Johnson's re-election bidwill first of all affect the 400,000 11 -to-15 year-olds in London who qualify fbr free travel cards.Mr. Johnson said he was determined to solve the anti-social behavior of a “minority of youngsters” on public transport. uWhen I was a boy, I was taught to stand up fbr those less able to," he said. Youngsters enjoy the privilege of free travel, which is paid fbr by Londoners, but they have to understand that with that privilege comes responsibility. Anyone who abuses this privilege will have it taken away, and will have to cam that right back.Teenagers found guilty of a serious breach（违反）of the new behavior code will lose their travel passes, and will have to carry out unpaid community work to have them restored.Mr. Johnson is also introducing a “two strikes and you're out” policy to deal with repeat offenders, under which those committing a second breach of the code will lose their travel rights forever/'What can be inferred about London teenagers' behavior on public transport?A. All of them arc ready to help the less able to.B. They all extend a warm welcome to the “courtesy pledge”.C. They will promise to be respectful to other passengers.D. Some of them do not behave themselves.56. Which of the following could probably be the meaning of “loutish”?A. respectfulB. rudeC. courteousD. threateningWhich of the following is NOT a reason fbr the introduction of the "courtesy pledge''?A. Urging some London teenagers to behave themselves on public transportWinning people fbr the success of Mr. Boris Johnsoifs re-election.B. Eliminating London teenagers' right to free travel on public transportTrying to restore the awareness of responsibility on the part of some youngsters57. Who will never restore their right to free travel on public transport?A. Those who have abused their privilege of free travel.B. Those who refuse to offer their seats to the less able to.C. Those who have done community work fbr pay.D. Youngsters who have broken the courtesy code more than once.【答案】56, D 57. B 58. C 59, D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了英国决心纠正少部分人在公共交通上的一些不宜行为。【56题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句"Mr. Johnson said he was determined to solve the anti-social behavior of a “minority of youngsters on public transporl."（约翰逊说他决心要解决少数青年在公共交通上的反社会性质的 行为）可知，此处指少数人行为不合规矩，需要被纠正，故选D项。【57题详解】词义猜测题。根据该词所在句“Those who refuse, or arc caught behaving in a loutish manner, will have their free travel passes removed "（那些拒绝或者被教育行为loutish的人，那会被剥夺免费通行的资格）可知，猜词与 “拒绝文明宣言”之意相通，rude“粗鲁”符合句意，故选B项。【58题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段提到的“Youngsters enjoy the privilege of free travel, which is paid for by Londoners, but they have to understand that with that privilege conies responsibility. Anyone who abuses this privilege will have it taken away, and will have to earn that right back'' （年轻人可以享受免费通行待遇，这是由伦敦人支付的，但是 他们必须理解他们的特权同时伴随着责任。任何滥用这种权力的人会被剥夺此权力，一旦剥夺需要自己重 新努力获得）可知，剥夺他们的免费权力并非此次计划的原因，故选C项。【58题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Mr. Johnson is also introducing a “Iwo strikes and you're out” policy to deal with repeat offenders, under which those committing a second breach of the code will lose their travel rights forever.” （约翰逊也正在引入一个“二次打击出局”政策来处理累犯者，第二次违反的人将会永远失去他们的免费通行卡）可知，第二次违反规则的人将会被剥夺免费乘车权力，故选D项。(B)Part-time Front Desk PositionKirchoff, Inc, a book development company is looking for a part-time front desk office worker. This position is perfect for a person who is cheerful, dependable, and pleasant to work with. Also, you should be able to welcome guests, redirect phone calls, and take messages. More importantly, you can stay cool under pressure. You are expected to work 5:00-6:00 p.m. weekdays. You need to fill in some forms if you are interested.Forms can be collected at Kirchoff, Inc.866 United Nations Plaza,#525 New York, NY 10017*Important Points to Remember When Swimming*Wait at least an hour after meals.* Fol low the advice of lifeguards.* Don't dive into unknown waters.* Al ways swim in line with the shore*Find out at the seaside when and where it is safe to swim.* Don't use floating toys on the water.* Wind can easily sweep them out to sea.* Get out of the water if you feel tired or cold.* Cold can kill even strong swimmers.Help Telephone: 212-543-5902Atlantic City Beach OfficeWrite a thank-you letter to anyone you have spoken to.For more information, please visit 368 Cooper Square, New York, NY 1000860. If you want to work in an office, where can you get the forms to fill in?A. website: jobweb. com.B. Atlantic City Beach Office.C. 368 Cooper Square, New York, NY 10008.D. 866 United Nations Plaza, #525, New York, NY 10017.61. What does a person need most to be fit for the one-hour weekday job?A. He should be cheerfill, dependable, and easy-going.B. He has to work from Monday to Friday.C. He can remain calm in a difficult situation.D. He can welcome guests and deal with phone calls.62. According to the above information, what is the right thing to do when you swim?A. To keep close to the beach.B. To dive into unknown waters.C. To use floating toys on the water.D. To swim soon after lunch.【答案】60. D 61. C 62. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是三则广告信息，第一则是招聘广告，第二则是游泳注意事项，第三则是 面试注意事项。【60题详解】细节理解题。根据第一部分中“Kirchoff, Inc, a book development company is looking for a part-time front desk office worker.( Kirchoff, Inc, 一家图书开发公司正在招聘一名兼职前台办公室工作人员广：“You need to fill in some forms if you are interested.(如果你感兴趣的话，你需要填一些表格)“以及“866 United Nations Plaza,#525 New York, NY 10017(地址：866 United Nations Plaza,#525 New York, NY N017)”可知,如果你想在办公室工 作，在 866 United Nations Plaza, #525, New York, NY 10017 可以填写表格。故选 Do61题详解】细节理解题。根据第一部分中“More importantly, you can stay cool under pressure. You arc expected to work 5:00-6:00 p.m. weekdays,更重要的是，你可以在压力下保持冷静。你的工作时间是工作日下午5点到6点)” 可知，一个人能在困难的情况下保持冷静才能胜任工作日一小时的工作。故选C。【62题详解】细节理解题。根据第二部分中“*Always swim in line with the shore.（游泳时尽量一直靠近岸边）“可知，游泳时 正确的做法是靠近海滩。故选A。（C）Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick I in the thirteenth century, it may be hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to sun ivc is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick I. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason fbr this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time fbr acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowcl-likc sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs irom that of his parents in style rather than in grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is bom with the capacity to speak. What is special about man's brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy bear''. And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced（激发），and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child's babbling（咿呀声），grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child's nonverbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.63. Frederick I did the experiment to.A. find out nursing is essential to a child's language developmentto confirm that good mothering ensures the survival of a childB. to find out what a child would speak if raised in a no-human speech contextto confirm that many children would not grow up without learning to speak64. If a child starts to speak later than others,.A. he will certainly be stupid in adult yearshe will not necessarily be less intelligentB. his language development will be limited to babblinghe will be insensitive to verbal signals65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Efficient nursing contributes to a child's speech ability.B. A child may never leam to speak if the sensitive periods are neglected.C. Like a child, a monkeys5 brain can connect the sight and 能el of an object.D. A child can choose words and phrases that interest him and make new sentencesAccording to the passage, the writer seems to agree that .A. when it comes to language, a child's brain is highly selectivenonverbal signals affect a child's language development as much as verbal onesB. A child has his language ability developed randomly and irrcgardlcss of age as wellA mother's brain is programmed to instruct language efficiently【答案】63. C 64. B 65. D 66. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现儿童语言发育滞后与儿童是否受到好的呵护，语言敏感期时与外界 的互动情况，以及语言发育阶段早晚有直接关系，而且母亲对儿童非语言性信号的敏感度是儿童语言发育 的关键。【63题详解】细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Frederick I可以定位与该题相关的文中信息在第一段最后一"it may be hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silenl.（他可能希望发现如果一个孩子没有听到母语，他会说什么语言，他告诉护士保持沉默。广。由该句话 可知，实验的目的是孩子在听不到母亲话语的情况下会说什么语言，与选项C-To find out what a child would speak if raised in a no-human speech context.（找出一个孩子在没有人说话的环境中长大会说什么）”的信息一 致。故选C项。【64题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Experts suggest that speech stages arc reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there arc eases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.（专家建 议，言语阶段是以固定的顺序和恒定的年龄实现的，但在某些情况卜，言语开始得很晚的孩子最终被证明 却是高智商的。）”可知，语言发育滞后的孩子不一定就是智商低的，与选项B中的“he will noi necessarily be less intelligent.（他不一定不那么聪明）”信息一致。故选B项。【65题详解】细节理解题。该题为判断是非题,使用排除法。A项“Efficient nursing contributes to a child's speech ability.（有 效的护理有助于孩子的言语能力）。”文中未涉及：B项“A child may never learn to speak if the sensitive periods arc neglected.（如果忽视敏感时期，孩子"J能永远无法学会说话。户与文中第三段“If these sensitive peri