英语干货初中英语语法大全.docx

英语干货|初中英语语法大全，老师都说好!一名词专有名词*普通名词*国名地名人名，团体 机构名称4可数名词。不可数名词"个体名词一集体名词。抽冢名词物质名词。A5II.名词的数:规那么-'例词"一般情况在词尾加死map-maps, sea-seas: girl-girls? day-day2p以S,工也取结尾的名词后加-第class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches,<99dishdishe”3d以f或尼结尾 的词一变-f和短为V再加曾leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives. 1999wife-wives, half-halves加SPchief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs以辅音字母加V结尾的名词，变V为 功口曾party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5 c以兀音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有 名词以V结尾的，力口-犷.toy-toys, boy-boys： day-days： ray-rays：Henry-Henry s*3以辅音 字母加-。结尾的名词2一般加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-heroesr potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-wpiano-pianos? photo-photos, auto-autos: kilo-kilos, solo-solos*3两者皆可，zero-zeros zeroes, volcano-volcanoes70以兀音字母加。结尾的名词加"radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos438c以©.结尾的名词加-*truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months. 一path-paths42 .不规那么名词复数山.名词的所有格:1 .飞所有格的构成:2 .飞所有格的用法:3.of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed二.冠词I.不定冠词的用法：T 川 t l - I*3 指一类人或事，相当干 a kind o" A plane is a machine that can fly”2，第一次提及某人某物，非特指2，第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.。X表示每一'布当于every, onaXVu study eight hours a day*表示,布同相当于the same-We are nearly of an age.用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were ouw 5人有类似性质的人或事。That boy is rather a Lei Feiig.P6-用于固定词组中一A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry： have awalk, many a time/用于 quite, rather, many, half what, such川 This room is rather a big one"8a 用于 so(as, too, how)-形容词之后。She is as clever a girt as you can wish toII .定冠词的用法:表示某一类人或物*The horse is a useful animal.一2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前Pthe universe, the moon： the Pacific Ocean*3d表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过 的人或事*Would you mind opening the door?炉4用于乐器前面一play the violin： play the guitar5"用于形容词和分词前表示一类人"the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”一the Greens: the72用于序数词和形容词副词比拟级最高 级前QHe is the taller of the two children.肝用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群 岛的名词前2the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French用于表示创造物的单数名词前小The compass was invented in China."解士的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个 年代,in the 1990,w1*用于表示单位的名词前PI hired the car by the hour.一12K用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示 时间的词组前0He patted me on the shoulder*Ill.零冠词的用法:三.代词：I .代词可以分为以下七大类:II.不定代词用法注意点:/ l.one , some与any、1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定 句,any多用于疑问句和否认句。One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I don't have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask.2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议， 请求等。Would you like some bananas?Could you give me some money?3) some和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个,any表示任何一 个。I have read this article in some magazine.Please correct the mistakes, if any.4) some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比拟级连用表示程度。There are some 3.000 students in this schoolDo you feel any better today?/ 2.each和every、；each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所：:指的数必须是三个或三个以上。：* Each student has a pocket dictionary / Each (ofus) has a dictionary. / ；: We each have a dictionary.: Every student has strong and weak points /Every one of us has strong and weak points.3.none和 n。no等于not any,作定语。non乘主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用 单教，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties/ 4.othe而another、1) other泛指另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：the other day. every other week, some other reason no otherway,；the othe特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。如：He held a book in one hand and his notes in theother.Two students in our class failed but all theothers passed the exam2)anotherJ旨“又一个，另一个无所指，复数形式是。thers,泛指“别的人 或事如：I don*t like this shirt, please show me another(one).The trousers are too long, please give meanother pair / some others.Some like football while others likebasketball.5.all和both z neitherftleitherail表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否认词表示局部否 定,全部否认用neithe怀Mone.All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are writtenin English.Both of us are not teachers / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is ateacher.四.形容词和副词I.形容词：1.形容词的位置：1）形容词作定语通常前置，但在以下情况后修饰 some, any, every： no 和 body, thing, one 等构成 的复合不定代词时nobody absent, everything possible2-以-able,结尾的形容词可1于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后一the best book available, the only solution possible3dalive： alike, awake, aware, asleep 等可以后置cthe only person awaken4a和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters longeK成对的形容词口以后置Pa huge room simple and beautifal-P6形容词短语一般后置一a man difficult to get on with2）多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序:代词。致词性状形容词Q冠词 前的 形容词2冠词会 指示代词， 不定代词卜 代词所有格序数 词，基数词 二性质" 状态。大小d 长短， 形状新旧， 温度口颜色电国籍， 产地会材料, 质地工名词.all both” suchPthw av this*-* anoth 皿 yoursecond*nextPom fourbeautifu> good poo"larger1 short”squarenew/ cool/black/ yellowChinese*Londonsilk4-1stone，3）复合形容词的构成:1，形容词o词-R小kind-hearted名词节容词"world-famous2w形容词-形容词2dark-blue*37平名词-现在分词peace-loving3,形容词-现在分词ordinary-looking/8,名词-过去分词2snow-co ver cd434副词-现在分词一hard-working知致词T词-嵬three-egged5r副词-过去分词夕newly-built10-数词T词一twentyyeardII .副词时间副词soon, now, early, finally, once: recently .5k频度副词always, often, frequently, seldom.neverQ2/地点副词，here, nearby, outside： upwards, above*36疑问副词，how, where, when： why/3方式副 词，hard： well fast： slowly, excitedly, really70连接副词，how： when： where, why, whether： however： meanwhile13程度副 词。almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8c关系副词，when, where. why