陕西省西北工业大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题.docx

西工大附中2022-2023学年上学期1月期末高三英语第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）The Guide to the Lively ArtsSHOW NAMEDATES&TIMESDESCRIPTIONSDETAILSPRICEADDITIONALTHEATRE 4 Kennedy 4. CenterMy Fair LadySaturdayFeb. 27 at 4 p.m.From Lincoln Center theater conics “a luxurious new production of the most perfect musical of all time” (Entertainment Weekly). Lerner & Loewe's My Fair Lady. Director Bartlett Sher's glowing production is ''thrilling, glorious and better than it ever was” (The New York lunes). The 3-hour-long production features such classic songs as I Could Have Danced All Night, The Rain in Spain and Wouldn ,1 it Be Lovely.KennedyCenterOpera House;Kennedycenter.org or call 202-467-4600S20: disco unts for senior s (60 or above )： S 15Parkingwithin2 hours: $ 5; for each additionalhour: S 1SHOW NAMEDATES&TIMESDESCRIPTIONSDETAILSPRICEADDITIONALMUSIC-CONCERTS26. A. receivedB. invitedC. admittedD. treated27. A. goodB. greatC. easyD. hard28. A. takenB. emphasizedC. selectedD. offered29. A. lit upB. built upC. turned upD. made up30. A. imaginingB. hopingC. thinkingD. adding31. A. onlyB. justC. evenD. single32. A. mostlyB. exactlyC. hardlyD. slightly33. A. normalB. sharpC. differentD. typical34. A. careB. friendC. decisionD. effect35. A. anxiousB. excitedC. tenseD. sad36. A. observedB. checkedC. reviewedD. studied37. A. determinedB. failC. forcedD. struggled38. A. ThereforeB. InsteadC. BesidesD. Still39. A. greetB. discoverC. determineD. control40. A. characterB. strengthC. independenceD. relief第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The warm weather outside may look perfect for outdoor exercise. But for (hose41 are not that sporty, what could be nicer than having 42 (relax) afternoon tea with a few good friends 43 taking a break?But arc you familiar with the culture of afternoon tea its origins, what is included, and 44_ proper etiquette(礼仪)？ Here are a few things you need to know about this 45 (tradition) English custom so that you can enjoy it more.While the tradition of drinking tea 46 (date) back to about 3000 BC in China, it was not until the mid-17th century that the concept of "afternoon tea” first appeared in the UK.In 1840, Anna Maria Russell, the 47 (seven) Duchess of Bedford, started asking for a tea tray with butter, bread and cakes at 4 pm every day, as she found she was hungry at this time every day while the evening meal in her house 48 (serve) late at 8 pm. She found this new habit difficult 49 (break) and soon invited other ladies in society to join her.This pause for tea quickly became a fashionable social event.50 the 1880s, the upper class would put on gowns, gloves and hats for their afternoon tea.第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（满分10分）51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文 中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或 修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），并在其卜.面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1 .每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。On a Sunday, I felt such tired after a football match that I didn't finish my homework even that night. I think I could get up earlier to go to school the next morning so that I could finish them before class. But I wasn't able to get to school on time because the traffic jam. I was being punished by my teacher.It （aught me a lesson. From now on, I made a determination that I would never put off nothing important until （he next day. Please remember: Working today, for you don't know which may happen to you tomorrow. Seize today and trust tomorrow as little as possibly. 第二节书面表达（满分25分）52.假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Chris对中国体育运动感兴趣。他来信让你介绍你最 喜欢的运动，请你根据以下提示，给他写封电子邮件，内容如下：1 .何时开始喜欢此项运动和原因；.现在练习的情况；2 .给你带来的益处。注意：1.词数不少于100； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Chris,Yours,Li Hua参考答案I. C 2. C 3. B这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几种艺术形式，以及它们的票价、时间等信息。I.细节理解题。根据左边第二栏“My Fair Lady”部分中“The 3-hour-long production features such classic songs as I Could Have Danced All Night, The Rain in Spain and Wouldn't it Be Lovely."（这部长达3小时的作品以经典歌曲为特色，如I CoiUdHave DancedANight, The Rain in Spain 和 Wouldn't it Be LovelyQ）及最右一栏“Parking within2 hours: $ 5;fbr each additional hour: $1（2小时内停车:5美元；每多1小时：加1美元）可知，这部歌剧持续3 个小时，因而你应付$5+ $1=$6,故选C。2 .细节理解题。根据“MUSIC-ORCHESTRAL”部分第三栏“The Apollo Orchestra welcomes violist Roberto Diaz to perform Jennifer Higdon's Grammy-winning Viola Concerto.M （阿波罗管 弦乐团欢迎中提琴手Roberto Diaz演奏Jennifer Higdon的赢得格莱美奖的中提琴协奏曲）和 第四栏中“Chevy Chase Presbyterian Church, n （在 Chevy Chase Presbyterian 教堂）可知，在 Chevy Chase Presbyterian教堂你能欣赏到Jennifer Higdon的演奏的赢得格莱美奖的中提琴协 奏曲。故选C。3 .推理判断题。根据表格的标题“The Guide to ihe Lively Aris“（生动的艺术指南）可知，文 章介绍了一些艺术形式，所以可推知文章可能在对音乐爱好者宣传册上发现。故选B。4 . A 5. B 6. C 7, D本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了当今人们的消费方式，分析了原因和趋势，并倡议人们摆脱 强制消费，做到理性消费。5 .推理判断题。根据第一段中“Could you and I cut back on our consumption（消耗）so as to make some space for others to increase iheirs?（你和我能不能减少我们的消费，为其他人增加消费腾 出空间？）”以及第二段中“But, unfortunately, eveiything about our economic systems is set up to make us believe and behave otherwise. The default（默认）mindset is that there is nothing wrong with wanting ever newer and more expensive things as long as wc can afford thcm.（但不幸的是， 我们的经济体系的一切都是为了让我们相信并采取相反的行动。默认的心态是，只要我们能 负担得起，想要更新、更昂贵的东西没有错）”可知，前两段中提出了让大家减少消费的倡议， 但由于受到些观念的影响，人们觉得只要支付得起，想消费更新、更贵的东西是没错的。由 此推知，人们倾向于不理性地消费。故选A。6 .词句猜测题。根据第四段中划线词后面的句"Otherwise, we would never have generated the progress that has brought us to our present station.（否则，我们就永远不可能取得使我们走到 现在这一步的进步）“可知，想过上更好的生活的想法在人们心中是根深蒂固的，否则我们永 远不可能取得当下如此大的进步。由此可知ingrained意为“扎根；使根深蒂固”。故选B。7 .推理判断题。作者在最后一段“So what now? The answer, perhaps, is to try to be rich in the enjoyment of things, not in the accumulation （堆积）of them. A pair of good shoes, lightly creased （起皱）but also carefully polished （擦亮）once a month a meal cooked at home instead of a trip to McDonald'ssuch as these lie our act of saving from the virus of compulsive （强迫性的） consumption.（那么现在呢?答案也许是，要在享受事物的过程中变得富有，而不是在积累事 物的过程中变得富有。一双好鞋，有轻微的折痕，但也要每月擦一次，在家做一顿饭，而不 是去麦当劳这就是我们从强迫性消费病毒中拯救出来的行为）”推知，作者建议大家要试 着尽情享受已有的物品，而非不断地囤积商品，即“享受我们所拥有的东西“。故选C。8 .推理判断题。通读全文，文章介绍了当今人们的消费方式，分析了原因和趋势，并倡议 人们理性消费，由此可知，本文应该是出自报纸的经济板块。故选D。9 . B 9. C 10. C 11. B这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种长期心理疗法认知加工疗法。它能够帮助患者改 变消极态度和行为，减少对患者生活的负面影响，但同时也存在一些缺点，患者在初始阶段 可能会更加焦虑或不适。8 .细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal is that the patient then creates a new, more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event, which reduces on-going negative effects on the patienfs current life.（这样做的目的是让病人对创伤事件有一个新的、更积极的看法和理解， 从而减少对病人当前生活的持续负面影响。）“可知，认知加工疗法是为了帮助病人培养对创 伤性时间的积极看法和理解。故选B项。9 .细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Compared to other talk-therapies, it has been especially successful, because it can be completed in a brief period of time , allowing fbr a lower patient dropout rate. It also enhances brain connectivity, which lessens long-term impacts of trauma. This increased connectivity is why cognitive behavioral therapy is often argued to be more effective than medicine.（与其他谈话疗法相比，它特别成功，因为它可以在很短的时间内完成，允许较低 的患者退出率。它还能增强大脑的连通性，从而减少创伤的长期影响。这种增强的连通性就 是为什么认知行为疗法经常被认为比药物更有效。户可知，认知加工疗法成功是因为它完成 时间短，增强大脑的连通性，所以它比其他的疗法要更加有效。故选C项。10 .推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, focusing mainly on post-natural disasters, regardless of pre-disaster health, CPT has been repeatedly proven to be a rather successful treatment approach. Although there have not been studies generalizing CPT fbr children, it is an effective treatment fbr adults. The clear effectiveness of CPT demonstrates the importance of patient-specific therapies that are unique to the experiences of individual patients.（然而， 认知力口工 疗法主要侧重于自然灾害后，而不考虑灾前健康，已多次被证明是一种相当成功的治疗方法。 虽然还没有研究将认知加工疗法推广到儿童，但它对成人是种有效的治疗方法。认知加工 疗法的明确有效性证明了患者特异性治疗的重要性，这是个体患者独特的经历。可知，认 知加工疗法多次被证明是一种相当成功的治疗方法，并且对于成年人来说已经是有效的方法; 由此可以推出，下一步很有可能就是将其应用于儿童身上，研究它的有效性。故选C项。11 .主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲了认知加工疗法的定义，它是一种长期的心理疗法；第 二段讲了它为何如此有效，其原理是什么：第三段讲了认知加工疗法的缺点；第四段讲了它 的应用范围。综合全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种长期心理疗法认知加工疗法。故选B 项。12 . D 13. B 14. C 15. B本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了一项淡水沉积物群落暴露在微塑料中超过一年的实验，研 究发现将有助于弄清微塑料垃圾对环境的长期影响。12 .推理判断题。根据第一段“Despite growing concerns over tiny bits of plastic filling the world's waterways, the long-term environmental effects of that waste remain unclear. Now an experiment on freshwater sediment （沉积物）communities exposed to microplastics for over a year helps clarify how harmful this pollution can be.“可知，尽管越来越多的人担心世界上的水 道中充斥着微小的塑料垃圾，但这些垃圾对环境的长期影响仍不清楚。现在，一项淡水沉积 物群落暴露在微塑料中超过一年的实验有助于弄清这种污染的危害。由此推知，这项实验的 主要目的是研究塑料在水道中的有害影响。故选D。13 .推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Researchers put trays （托盘）of sediment littered with different amounts of polystyrene （a very light soft plastic） particles （颗粒）一ranging from 0 to 5 percent plastic - in the bottom of an outdoor waterway where bugs, snails and other little creatures colonized the mud. After 15 months, fewer organisms were found living in the trays with 5 percent polystyrene than in trays with less plastic, largely because fewer Naididae worms lived in the most polluted mud.”可知，研究人员将散落着不同数晶的聚苯乙烯（一种非常轻的软塑料） 颗粒（塑料含量从。到5%不等）的沉淀物放置在室外水路的底部，那里有虫子、蜗牛和其他 小生物在淤泥中繁衍。15个月后，发现生活在含5%聚苯乙烯的托盘里的微生物比生活在含 较少塑料的托盘里的要少，这主要是因为生活在污染最严重的泥里的Naididae蠕虫更少。 由此可知，第二段.主要描述了实验过程。故选B。14 .细节理解题。根据第三段第一句"That reduction in Naididae worms suggests that severe microplastic pollution can throw freshwater ecosystems out of balance.” 可知，奈迪科蠕虫数量的 减少表明，严重的微塑料污染会使淡水生态系统失去平衡。由此可知，奈迪科蠕虫的多少是 淡水生态系统是否平衡的标志。故选C。15 .推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Just because the researchers didn't observe a significant effect on these freshwater communities at lower plastic concentrations “doesn't mean that there are no efleets,says Ana Luisa Patrfcio Silva, an ecotoxicologist at the University of Aveiro in Portugal not involved in the work. Simply keeping a count of the organisms living in mud with a certain amount of pollution doesn't rule out the possibility that microplastics weaken the creatures' ability to function normally, she says.”可知，葡萄牙阿威罗大学的生态毒理学家Ana Luisa Patrfcio Silva没有参与这项研究，她说，仅仅因为研究人员没有在较低的塑料浓度下观察到对这些 淡水群落的显著影响，”并不意味着没有影响她说，简单地计算在一定程度的污染下生活 在泥中的生物数量并不能排除塑料微粒削弱生物正常活动能力的可能性。由此推知，Ana对 此实验的研究结果并不确信，持怀疑态度。故选B。16 . C 17. G 18. A 19. F 20. E本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是避免U臭的方法。16. 空前说“Wearing a face mask will keep you and others safer when you have to leave the house.（当你不得不离开家时，戴上口罩会让你和其他人更安全。）”，空后说“But the bad news is that you now realize you suffer from unpleasant smells.（但坏消息是，你现在意识到你正在忍 受难闻的气味。）”,but表转折，空格处应说空前说的是好消息,C选项“That's the good news（这 是好消息厂指出空前说的是好消息，承接上文，符合语境，故选C。17. 空前说“Onions and garlic not only add flavor to many foods but also add smells that are not easily brushed away. The substances that cause their bad smells make their way into your bloodstream and travel to your lungs, where you breathe them out.（洋葱和大蒜不仅为许多食物 增添了风味，还增加了不易清除的气味。导致难闻气味的物质会进入你的血液，然后到达你 的肺部，在那里你把它们呼出来。）“，结合小标题“Keep away from certain Cods（远离某些食 物）“可知，空格处应说要避免空前所列的这些食物，G选项“Avoiding those foods is ihe besl way （o get rid of the problem（避免这些食物是摆脱问题的最好方法）”指出了要避免前面所说 的食物，承接上文，符合语境，故选G。18. 空格处是本段小标题，由空格下方的“Saliva （唾液）is the key ingredient in your mouth that helps keep the smell under control because it helps wash away food particles and bacteria. If you are not producing much saliva, try drinking water or chewing sugarless gum.（唾液是口腔中帮助 控制气味的关键成分，因为它有助于冲走食物颗粒和细菌。如果你分泌的唾液不多，试着喝 水或嚼无糖口香糖。厂可知，本段主要讲的是要保持口腔湿润，A选项“Avoid dry mouth（避 免口干）”说明了要保持口腔湿润，概括了本段内容，可作为小标题，故选A。19. 空后 说"It is proved that if you brush too hard, you can wear down your teeth, making them vulnerable to decay.（事实证明，如果刷牙太用力,就会磨损牙齿,使它们容易腐烂。）”，空 格处应该会说到不要刷牙太过，F选项“But the experts warn against overdoing it（但专家们瞥告 不要过度刷牙）”说明了不要刷牙太过，和下文内容相呼应，符合语境，故选F。20. 空后说“It can end up on your tongue. To rid your tongue of smell-causing bacteria, remember to brush it when you clean your teeth.（它可能会落在你的舌头上。为J清除舌头上产 生异味的细菌，记得在刷牙的时候刷舌头。）“，空格处应说细菌不仅仅会在牙齿上，E选项 “Bacteria don't just live on your teeth（细菌不仅生活在你的牙齿上）“和后文”它可能会落在你 的舌头上”相呼应，说明细菌还会落在舌头上，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选E。21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. C 31. D32. B 33. B 34. C 35. D 36. C 37. D 38. D 39. A 40. C本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述作者很难做到对女儿完全放手，但通过女儿渴望尝试独立的过程，发现应该给女儿和自己都需要的独立性。21 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的女儿Nicole准备离家去上大学时，我发现处于这条 标准的正确一面上是多么困难。A. devotes献身，致力于；B. supposes猜想；C. prepares准 备；D. graduates毕业。根据空后“leave home fbr college”可知，此处是离开家准备去上大学， 故选C项。22 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我抓紧连接我们的围裙带时，急于体验独立的Nicole却 尽力松开我的控制。四个选项和空前的动词hold构成动词短语，hold onto抓住不放； hold up 举起；hold back 保留，抑制;hold out 坚持。根据“tries to loosen my grasp.”可知，作 者是抓住不放，hold onto符合语境，故选A项。23 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：我抓紧连接我们的围裙带时，急于体验独立的Nicole却尽 力松开我的控制。A. keep保持;B. refuse拒绝;C. bear忍受；D. taste品尝,体验。根据"tries to loosen my grasp.”可知，女儿Nicole尽力松开作者的控制，所以是想体验独故选D项。24 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果就是一种尴尬的妈妈和女儿之间你推我，我拉你的探戈 舞。A. leaves留下，离开；B. causes引起；C. results产生，致使；D. lakes取，拿。结合上 文及空后“an awkward mother-daughter, push-me, pull-you kind of tango”可知，作者想抓紧这种 纽带不放手，而女儿急于自立，由此产生的结果是尴尬的关系，故选C项。25 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：你想过上高阶课程这样就能赚大学学分吗？ A. succeed成功； B. cam赚的，挣；C. approve赞成；D. need需要。结合语境及空后“college credit”可知，此 处是上高阶课程来挣大学学分，故选B项。26 .考杳动词词义辨析。句意：两个月前，她被一所很好的大学录取。A. received接受；B. invited邀请；C. admitted承认，准许进入;D. treated对待。结合下文作者和女儿选大学课 程可知，此处指女儿被一所大学录取，故选C项。27 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我仍然是那个很难放手的妈妈。A. good好的；B. great 极好的，伟大的：C. easy容易的：D. hard艰难的。根据本句表示转折的副词However及下 文作者为女儿选课程可知，虽然女儿即将上大学，但是作者作为妈妈很难放手，故选D项。28 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：在学校介绍会的前一天晚上，我仔细阅读了课程目录，选择 出我认为看起来比较好的。A. laken取，拿；B. emphasized强调；C. selected选择；D. offered 主动提供。根据本句中“I thought looked good”及下文“Every course she had chosen12suited her interests.”可知，作者是为女儿选择出自己认为好的课程，此处select和choose是 同义词，故选C项。29 .考查动词短语辨析。句意：第二天下午我们在校园见面，Nicole脸上兴奋地容光焕发， 她说：“我已经把我的整个日程表安排好了。"A. lit up点燃，（使）容光焕发；B. built叩建 立；C. turned up 调高，出现;D. made up 构成，弥补。根据"with excitement”可知,Nicole 因兴奋而容光焕发，故选A项。30 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很惊讶，想着她本应该和我讨论一 Fo A. imagining想象； B. hoping希望；C. thinking思考，想；D. adding增加。根据语境并结合作者说的“she should have discussed it with me”可知，女儿自己安排好日程，作者很惊讶，“她本应该和我讨论的” 是作者心理想的，故选C项。31 .考查副词、形容词词义辨析。句意：Nicole没有选择我建议的一门课程。A. only仅仅， 只;B. just正好,只是;C. even甚至;D. single单一的，单个的。根据下一句"Every course she had chosen12suited her interests.”可知，女儿选的课程都是适合她自己的兴趣，所以此处指没有一门是作者建议的，故选D项。32 .考查副词词义辨析。句意：她选择的每一门课程只是恰恰满足她的兴趣。A. mostly大 部分；B. exactly恰恰,确实；C. hardly几乎不；D. slightly轻微地,些许。结合上文可知， 作者建议的课程Nicole都没有选，Nicole选的课程都恰恰适合自己的兴趣，故选B项。33 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在那时我看到一个成熟的、有能力的年轻女性，有着聪 明的头脑和塑造自己未来的能力。A. normal正常的;B. sharp锋利的,聪明的;C. different 不同的;D. typical典型的。根据“a mature, capable young woman”可知,此处指聪明的头脑， 故选B项。34 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不再需要妈妈来评估她做的每个决定。A. care关爱；B. friend 朋友；C. decision决定；D. effect影响。根据上文内容可知，Nicole自己选择了大学课程， 所以此处指她不再需要妈妈来评估她的“决定”，故选C项。35 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感觉自豪，尽管仍然有一点难过。A. anxious焦虑的： B. excited兴奋的，激动的:C. tense紧张的：D. sad难过的。根据语境及表示让步关系的though 可知，作者感觉自豪，尽管有一点难过，故选D项。36 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:我仔细回顾经验教训。A. observed观察;B. checked检查； C. reviewed回顾，复查，复习；D.sludied学习。根据下一句中“over the past 18 years”可知， 作者是回顾过去，故选C项。37 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的18年，Nicole挣扎着学习：责任，同情心和努力 工作。A. detemiined决定：B. fail失败；C. forced强迫：D. struggled挣扎，奋斗。根据下一 句“There have been a few holes along the way.”可知，一路上有一些困境，所以此处指挣扎着 学习，故选D项。TresidentS OWNMarine BandSousa SeasonOpenerTlie Americ