2001年考研英语一真题（纯考场排版）.docx

绝密启用前2001年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）（科目代码：201）考生考前须知众1 .答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指 定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2 .考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卜的“试卷 条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考 生自负。».选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书 写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿 纸、试题册上答题无效。3 .填（书）写局部必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂 写 局部必须使用2B铅笔填涂。4 .考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）I考生编号考生姓名2001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, '' he says. 44) But that. Pearson Deints out, is only the start of inan- iiiachine integralion: will be he beginning of ihe long Drocess of integra【ionwill ulliiiialely lead lo a fully eleclronic human before ihe end of ihe nexl cenlury.”Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-1 ight travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 45) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and oDerating 【hem will resull in (he breakoul of a new psychological disordeikitchen rage.Section V Writing46. Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.2) give a specific example, and3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and |D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the J_ of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 12 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which _3 the European Convention on Human Rights legally _1_4 in Britain, laid down that everybody was j_5 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families."Press freedoms will be in safe hands j_6 our British judges, M he said.Witness payments became an 17 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up I。19 witnesses were 18 lo have receivedpaymenis for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate theirstories in court to 20 .guilty verdicts.1. Aas toB for instance2. AtighteningB intensifying3. |AJsketch| B | rough4. AillogicalB illegal5. Apublicity|B| penalty6. AsinceBif7. AlsidedBl shared8. ApresentB offer9. ARelease|B| Publication10 A：stormIBrage11 AtranslationBj interpretation12. Abetter thanBl other than13.A changesB makes14. A bindingB convincing15. A authorizedB credited16. A with(Bl to17. A impactB incidentCJ focusingD fastening|C1 preliminaryD draftC improbableD improperC popularityDI peculiarityC beforeD asC compliedD agreedCl manifestD indicate|C1 PrintingD| ExposureC flareD flashICJ exhibitionIDJdemonstrationCl rather thanD sooner thanCl setsD turnsC restrainingD sustainingCJ entitledD qualifiedCl fromD byC inferenceD issueC in particular Dsuch as18. A stated19. A what20. A assureB remarkedClsaidDtoldB whenCwhichDthatB| confideCensureDguaranteePart II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each questions there are four answers marked A, (B|, |C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professional !sation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur“ does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in iheir own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professional! sat ion and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.21. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as.AJ sociology and chemistryB physics and psychologyC sociology and psychologyD physics and chemistryWe can infer from the passage that.there is little distinction between specialisation and professional! sat ionamateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones22. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate.A the process of specialisation and professionalIsationB | the hardship of amateurs in scientific studyC the change of policies in scientific publicationsD the discrimination of professionals against amateursThe direct reason for specialisation is.(A| the development in communicationB the growth of professional!sationC the expansion of scientific knowledge(D| the splitting up of academic societiesPassage 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of businessto universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will he netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we* ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not (he only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When theUnited States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on- were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you' re going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.23. Digital divide is something.A getting worse because of the InternetB the rich countries arc responsible forC the world must guard againstD considered positive todayGovernments attach importance to the Internet because it, offers economic potentials can bring foreign funds can soon wipe out world poverty connects people all over the world24. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy ofA providing financial support overseasB preventing foreign capitai7 s controlC building industrial infrastiucture|D accepting foreign investmentIt seems that now a country7 s economy depandsmuch on.|A how well-developed it is electronically(Bl whether it is prejudiced against immigrantsC whether it adopts America7 s industrial pattern|D how much control it has over foreign corporationsPassage 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But (he sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure fbr otherwise confusions news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the "standard templates of the newsroom seem alien many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they' rc less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or pul down roots in community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look fbr reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.25. What is the passage mainly about?A needs of the readers all over (he world.B causes