（5）Unit 4 Natural Disasters——2022-2023学年高一英语人教版（2019）寒假作业.docx

（5） Unit 4 Natural Disasters2022-2023 学年高一英语人教版（2019）寒假作业第一部分阅读理解 第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAn earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.Fragile items like those made of glass are easily broken and should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of on the cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you.There is a strong chance of short circuits （短路）and fire during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times.If you arc outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.If trapped in debris （瓦砾堆），cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clolhing. Tap on a pipe or the wall so that rescuers can find you. Use a whistle （哨子）if one is available.Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.1. The purpose of the passage is to tell readers.A. the damage caused by earthquakesthe rescue work after earthquakesB. how to prevent earthquakeswhat to do about earthquakes2. The underlined word "Fragile" in Paragraph 2 probably means "A. Easily found答案以及解析第一部分阅读理解第一节A答案：DBD解析：1 .写作意图题。根据第一段最后一句可知，本文主要介绍了地震来临时的一些安 全方面的建议，告诉读者该怎么做。故选D。2 .词义猜测题。根据后面的"like those made of glass are easily broken"可知，fragile 意为" 易碎的"。故选B。3 .细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.”可知,在地震发生时，要确保立即关掉电源和煤 气。故选D。B答案：CCCB解析：1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 I said to my seven-year-old twins. Brad and Brett, and three-year-old Meghan可知，作者有三个孩子。故选Co.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 It happened in the middle of the night, becoming the strongest earthquake to strike the Napa Valley in 15 years.可知，地震发生在晚上。故选Co.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的.she came back with Lucy, her much-loved doll. She put the doll on top of the other toys.可知，Meghan把自己最心爱的娃娃送给了灾区的孩 子。故选C。4 .B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者让自己的三个孩子给地震灾区的孩子捐赠玩具， 她的小女儿把自己最喜欢的娃娃捐出来，这让作者明白了赠送自己不喜欢的东西简单， 赠送自己喜欢的东西就很可贵了。作者想表达给予的精神。故选B。C答案：DACB解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句"So there are a lot more Velib stations than the 298 subway stations!"可知，自行车车站要比地铁站多得多。故选D。102 .细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，半小时内是免费的，超过半小时需要付费。故 选Ao.细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知,这些自行车仅仅适用于短途旅行,不适用于 长途旅行。故选C。3 .观点态度题。通读文章的最后一段,并根据该段中的“But it might help reduce air pollution."及"The bikes might help people to lead a healthier life, too."可知，自行车可以帮 助减少空气污染,也可能帮助人们过一种更健康的生活,因此他对自行车骑行方案的态 度是积极的。故选B。D答案：DABC解析：1.文章第一段的第二句话告诉我们这些被埋的矿工的年龄在19岁到63岁之间, 由此可知他们的年龄是不同的。故选D。2 .由文章第二段的第二句话可知这个应急避难所的温度很高。故选A。3 .由第四段第一句话可知后来的不断塌陷造成了救援的困难。故选B。4 .最后一段的第二、三句话表达了智利的总统看到矿工们被营救上来的高兴以及他说 过的不会放弃这些矿工的诺言终于实现了。故选C。第一节答案：CGFEB解析：本文主要针对大学生如何适应寝室生活这一话题给出了四条建议。根据上文中的"I talked with a lot of students who had trouble living in a dorm room"可知, 作者当了两年的宿舍协管员，遇到过许多国家的学生，对于如何适应寝室生活非常有经 验。而下文都是介绍怎样去适应寝室生活的，所以C项”下面是些我想和大家分享的生 存技巧”符合语境，承上启下。故选C。根据空后的“Il's your HOME”可知,作者建议尽可能地使自己的寝室个性化，因为那是 你自己的家。G项”你的寝室不只是你睡觉或学习的地方”和空后的“它是你的家”紧密联 系。故选Go由语境可知，本段强调“清洁很重要”。F项“制订一个每个人都能遵守的时间表”与下 文”这样的话，寝室就能一直保持清洁了”衔接连贯。D项是干扰项，但是和下文没有联 系。故选F。11由空前的"Try healthy snacks such as fruit and yogurt"可知,作者鼓励大学生在寝室准备 一些健康的零食，且由下文中的"the Freshman 15 doesn't apply(对适用)only tofreshmen”可知,Freshman 15并不仅限于新生，这暗示其他年级的学生也会发生这种情 况。故E项”但是要小心Freshman 15,也就是长胖15磅”正确。故选E。据空后的"The key to getting along well with others is communication"可知，本段建议要 多和室友沟通。B项”不要喊叫，而要说出来”符合语境,B项中的“talk it out”与下文中的 "talk it out with your roommate first”相呼应。故选 Bo第二部分语言知识运用第一节答案：l.C; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B; 5.D; 6.D; 7.B; 8.A; 9.D; 10.A; ll.C; 12.B; 13.C; 14.A; 15.B解析：1.根据下文提到的他一共有24. 52美元可知,詹姆斯是把盒子里的硬币倒在了床 上屋认真地数了起来。count意为“数”。故选C。5 .根据空后的 to hang out with people when you were the only one without a bicycle 口知，詹 姆斯的朋友都有自行车，只有他没有，所以每次跟朋友出去对他来说都很困难。hard意为 ”困难的;艰难的”，符合语境。故选D。6 .根据空后的he knew they had no money可知,詹姆斯知道向父母要钱是没有用的there's no point (in) doing sth意为”做某事是没有用的"。故选Co.根据There was no asking his parents可知,找父母要钱是没用的，因为詹姆斯知道他们也没有多余的钱可以分出米。spare意为”抽出;分出”，符合语境。separate意为” 分开”,spend意为”花费save意为“储存”，均不符合语境。故选B。7 .根据后文He would have to find a job.可知,詹姆斯打算找一份工作，他决定挣钱买自行 车。故选D。8 .根据空前的He decided to ask Mr Clay for advice可知，克莱先生对失部分事情都有自己 的看法。opinion常与介词on搭配,表示对某事的看法。故选D。9 根据上文可知，那份工作是詹姆斯的第一份工作，是一个开始。故选Bo根据后文 He took dogs and babies for walks, and cleared out cupboards.可知，詹姆斯对人 们介绍给他的各种各样的工作感到很吃惊。varieiiesof意为“各种各样的“。故选A。10 根据语境可知，虽然詹姆斯不知道他到底干过多少清洗工作，但是他知道他挣的钱越来 越多了。故选D。12 1().根据空后的for the bicycle he longed for可知，詹姆斯挣的钱越来越多，很快就会有足够 的钱去买自行车了。故选A。11 .根据 when James counted his money and found $94.32 可知,詹姆斯挣够了 买自行车的 钱的那一天终于来了。finally意为”最后;终于”，含有经过努力达成目标的意味,符合语 境。故选C。12 .根据上文詹姆斯对自行车的渴望可知,此处是说他赶忙去商店买了自行车。waste no time意为“赶忙"，符合语境。故选B。13 .根据空后的 looking forward to showing his new bicycle to his friends 可知，詹姆斯在经 过一番努力后终于买到了自行车，他自豪地骑着车回家了。故选C。14 .根据语境可知，詹姆斯工作挣钱很辛苦。ask for意为“要求”, look for意为“寻找",apply for意为”申请;请求”，均不符合语境。故选A。15 .根据空后的what he thought was impossible可知,詹姆斯完成了自己曾经认为不可能 的事。achieve意为“完成"，符合语境。故选B。第二节答案：are happening; However; terribly; in; killing; deaths; as; injuries; named; where 解析：考查动词的时态。此处指成千上万的地震几乎每时每刻都在发生，根据时间状 语at every moment可知毗处应用现在进行时。主语为thousands of earthquakeso故填 are happeningo考查副词。句意;然面它们中的大多数都太弱而让人感觉不到。设空处前后内容之间 是转折关系，此处单独作状语。故填However。考查副词。此处修饰动词应用副词。故填terribly。考查介词。此处指地震经常导致许多人受伤或死亡Jesuit in意为“导致”。故填in。考查现在分词。句子主语a severe earthquake和动词kill之间是主动关系，故用现在分 词形式。故填killingo考查名词及名词的数。由前面的ihe great damage可知此处应用名词。此处指地震造 成的极大破坏和伤亡，由语境可知应用名词复数。故填deaths。考查固定短语。表示”例如，比如"应用such as。故填as。考查名词及名词的复数。由前面的More buildings可知此处应用名词复数。故填 injuries o13考查过去分词。句中a Chinese scientist和name之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词形 式。故填named c考查关系副词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是thedirection,关系词在定语从句中作 地点状语,指地震波从哪个方向过来。故填where。第三部分写作第一节 答案：Loving ParcelsIn order to help Ihe students in the flood area, our school held a "Loving Parcels*' donation activity last week.All of the teachers and students took an active part in the activity. They donated their clothes, books, and schoolbags and all of them were badly needed. In addition, they also wrote down the best wishes to those students on cards, which would be collected and delivered to the schools that were affected by the flood.Not only did the activity help us express our care for the students and send our sincere wishes to them but it also taught us that wc should value what wc have.第一节 答案：/ explained what happened and he asked the girl, "Do you want that dress?" "I owned a clothes factory. I can let our designers make that dress you want for you at a low cost," my father said with a smile. "Just tell me what style you want and your address. Til post it to you after it's finished".At that time, het parents came. When her parents saw their daughter, they were so happy and said they were sorry for refusing to buy that dress. The girl said she was also sorry for not considering their financial situation. Then her parents said they would buy that special dress for her as her birthday gift. The girl said, "My friend's father also promised me to make that dress for me, but I now don't want that dress. I know we should do things within our reach and don't take other's love for granted."14B. Easily brokenExpensiveC. HeavyDuring the earthquake, people are advised to.A. go out of the building at oncedrive to a safe place quicklyB. take shelter under a treeturn off electricity and gas immediatelyBLast Sunday, an earthquake struck the Napa Valley area of northern California. It happened in the middle of the night, becoming the strongest earthquake to strike the Napa Valley in 15 years. No one was killed, but many people were treated in hospitals.I said to my seven-year-old twins, Brad and Brett, and three-year-old Meghan, "We have so much, and these poor people in trouble now have nothing. We'll share what we have with them."I filled a box with foods and clothes. While I was doing this, I advised the boys to choose their toys and donate some of their less favourite things. Meghan watched quietly as the boys took out their old toys and put them together. Then she walked away. A few minutes later she came back with Lucy, her much-lovcd doll. She put the doll on top of the other toys."Oh, dear/ I said. "You don't have to give Lucy. You love her so much." Meghan said, "Lucy makes me happy, Mummy. Maybe she'll make another little girl happy, too."I looked at Meghan for a long moment. She taught me a lesson. It's easy to give something that we don't want any more, but hard to give what we cherish （珍爱），isn't it?1. How many children does the writer have?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.2. Which of the following is TRUE?A. The earthquake caused many deaths.B. The earthquake is the biggest in history.C. The earthquake happened at night.D. The earthquake hit the city of California.3. What did Meghan take out for the people in trouble?A. A toy.B. Clothes.C. A doll.D. Food.4. What's the best title of this passage?A. A Family StoryThe Spirit of GivingC.A White NightD. A Sad ExperienceCLike all big cities, Paris has a traffic problem: lots of cars, lots of traffic jams and lots of pollution from exhaust fumes (废气).So the city began a project to improve the situation.Under the Velib project ("Velib" comes from velo liberte, or "bicycle freedom"), people can take a bicycle, use it for as long as they want, and then leave it at the same or another bicycle station. The first half-hour on the bike is free, but if you don't return it after 30 minutes, you have to pay. But it's only $ 1 a day or $ 29 a year! The bicycles are heavy (25kg), and they are all grey and have baskets. There are about 20,000 of them in the city, and around 1,450 bicycle stations. So there are a lot more Velib stations than the 298 subway stations!Paris is not the first city to have a project like this. But not everybody thinks it*s a great idea. One Parisian said, "These bicycles are only for short journeys. If people want to travel across the city, they won't use a bicycle-they'll still use their cars."A city spokesman said, "The bicycle project won't solve all our traffic problems, of course. But it might help reduce air pollution. Traffic, together with factory fumes, is a big problem. There aren't any simple answers to traffic problems and pollution in cities. But unless we do something now, there will be more traffic jams and temperatures will continue to rise, so the problems of our environment will get worse. The bikes might help people to lead a healthier life, too."What can we learn about the Velib project?A. Its bikes have no baskets.B. Its bikes arc light and colourful.C. It aims to make travelling easier.D. It owns more stations than the subway.1. If you use a Velib for half an hour, you should pay.A. nothing$ 1C.$29D. $302. Why do some people disagree with the Velib project?A. The cost is rather high.B. It's hard to find a Velib station.C. Its not suitable for a long journey.D. The distance between two Velib stations is long.3. What's the city spokesman's altitude towards the bicycle project?A. Won ied.B. Positive.C. Uncaring.D. Doubtful.DTears of happiness and shouts of joy rang out last week at the San Jose mine in northern Chile as 33 miners were lifted to freedom, one by one. The men, ranging from 19 to 63 years old, have been buried alive since a cave in the copper and gold mine where they were working fell down on August 5. It is the longest time anyone has ever survived being trapped underground.After the fall, the men found an emergency shelter off one of the mine's tunnels. The temperature in the dark shelter was around 90 F. For more than two weeks, the miners' water came from the radiator tanks on their work vehicles. They shared a supply of food that was meant to last for only 48 hours.The miners were totally separated until rescue teams made contact with the men on August 22. They sent a note to the surface explaining their situation. Rescuers drilled small holes to reach the cavern and sent down supply tubes containing food, water, clothes, medicine, fresh air and other supplies. They also received letters from their families, a television set and games.Additional falls slowed down rescue efforts. Finally, a tunnel was built that could fit a 13- foot rescue capsule, called the Phoenix. The escape hole measures 28 inches across, a tight fit for the winding 20-minute, 2,041 -foot ride. The first miner reached the surface just after midnight on Wednesday. More than half of the men had been brought to safety by Wednesday afternoon.The miners were met by family members who were waiting at Camp Hope, a settlement of tents near the mine. Chile's president, Sebastian Pinera, cheered at the scene and hugged the miners. *'We made a promise never to surrender, and we kept it," he said. After an immediate medical exam, the men were air-lifted to the nearest hospital for 48 hours of observation.1. The first paragraph tells us that trapped miners.A. shouted in joy after getting rescuedwere buried while having a restB. came to the ground togetherwere all different in ages2. What do we know about the emergency shelter?A. It was very hot inside.B. It had food supply for 48 workers.C. It had water stored for two days.D. It had a hole to get fresh air.3. What made the rescue more difficult?A. Miners got weak without food.B. Additional collapse happened later.C. The escape hole was too narrow to use.D. The rock was too hard to dig a tunnel.4. The underlined word "surrender" in the last paragraph may mean "dig outA. cheer up egive inB. take a chance第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项 为多余选项。I was lucky to serve as a RA（resident assistant,宿舍协管员）for two years at Manhattanville College, which has students from more than 50 countries. I talked with a lot of students who had trouble living in a dorm room. Make your room as YOU as possible.It's your HOME. Show your style. Put up the posters your mom never lets you put up at home. Do whatever you can to make your room a comfortable place so you'll feel right at home. A clean room is a happy room. Cleanliness is important whether you share a room with one person or seven.Thus, your room will be always clean. Sn