贵阳专版2019年中考英语总复习第二部分语法专题突破篇专题13句子的种类精讲试题.docx

贵阳专版2019年中考英语总复习第二局部语法专题突破篇专题13句子的种类精讲试句子基本句型主语+不及物动词主语+及物动词+宾语主语+系动词+表语（主语补足语）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 种类按使用目的分陈述句疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句祈使句感叹句按句子类别分简单句并列句复合句次本句型的1嬴念基础知识全面梳理1.五大基本句型结构2 .疑问句句型结构例句主语+系动词+表语The bike is new.这辆自行车是新的。The hat looks nice on you!你戴这顶帽 子真好看！主语+不及物动词He swims in the river every summer.他 每年夏天都在这条河里游泳。主语+及物动词+宾语Children often sing this song.孩子们经 常唱这首歌。主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语She showed her friends all her pictures.她向她的朋友们展示她所有的照 片。主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语We keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们保持教室干净整洁。疑问句是常考的重点，也是要掌握的难点，这里我们重点讲一下。一般疑问句分类概念形式一般疑问句用yes, no来回答的疑问句叫做一 般疑问句Be +主语+其 他？情态动词+主语 +动词原形+其 他？助动词+主语+ 动词原形/过去分 词+其他？如：一Is she from England?她来自英格兰吗？一Yes, she is.是的，她是。一Must I finish the report today?我必须今天完成报告吗？一Yes, you must.是的，你必须。Did she like to dance when she was young?她小时候喜欢跳舞吗？Have you been to Tibet?你去过西藏吗？特殊疑问句分类概念形式特殊疑问句以疑问词开头的疑问句叫做特殊疑 问句结构：特殊疑问词+be/情态 动词/助动词+主语+谓语动词+ 其他？who询问身份which询问特定 的人或物what询问职业或 身份when询问时间where询问地 点、位置why询问原因how询问方式【注意】how many, how much, how soon, how often, how old, how long, what, what time, what day, what color, which, when, who, whose 等疑问词的用法。如:How soon will Mr. Smith go back to the UK?How often do you go to the library?When did you go to Shanghai last time?Where can I get the ticket for the show?中考常考查的how疑问词组用法辨析疑问词含义用法how many多少提问数量，后跟可数名词复数how much多少提问数量，后跟不可数名词；提问价格，动词随主语而 变how often多久一次提问频率how long多长提问持续的时间，答语用“for +一段时间”或“since +过去时间点”how soon多久提问将来时间，答语用“in +一段时间”how far多远提问距离how old多大提问年龄（3）反意疑问句在陈述句之后附上一个简短问句，对陈述句所表达的事实提出相反的疑问，这种疑问句叫做反意疑问句。如 前面陈述句局部是肯定式，后面问句局部一般用否认式；如前一局部是否认式，后一局部一般用肯定式。前后两 局部在人称，数及时态上通常保持一致。如：You are a student, aren，t you?你是学生，对吗？在祈使句后面用反意疑问句，要注意人称的变化。如：Go to the cinema, will you?在省略的感叹句后面，要注意主语的单复数。如：What fine weather, isn，t it?陈述句局部的主语如果是I,疑问局部要用aren't Io如：I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I?陈述局部用 never, hardly, few, nothing, nobody, seldom, hardly, little 等否认含义的词时，疑问 局部用肯定含义。如:He seldom came here, did he? 陈述句局部的谓语是used to时，疑问局部用didn't +主语或usedn't +主语。如：He used to go to school at seven, didn，t he/usedn，t he?陈述局部有 had better + k ,疑问句局部用 hadn，t you。如：You'd better read it by yourself, hadn，t you?陈述局部有 You'd like to + k ,疑问局部用 wouldn't +主语。如：You'd like to go with me, wouldn，t you?主语是 everyone, someone, anyone, no one 等不定代词时，多用 they 指代。如：Everyone is here, aren，t they?（所有的人都来了吗）主语是 everything, something, anything, nothing 时，用 it 指彳弋。省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问局部用will youo如：Don't do that again, will you?注意 Let's开头的祈使句，后用shall we。let us开头的祈使句，后用will you.陈述局部是there be”结构的，疑问局部用there省略主语代词。如：There is something wrong with your watch, isn，t there?（4）感叹句感叹句往往由what和how引导。至于what和how引导的感叹句的区别见下表：引导词结构例句如何判定whatWhat+ a/an +形容词 +单数可数名词+主 语（代词）+谓语！What a beautiful present it is!多么漂亮 的一件礼物啊！由a, an开头的多用 what；形容词直接加名词 的，多用howWhat +形容词+可数 名词复数/不可数名词 +主语（代词）+谓 语！What interesting books they are !多有趣的书 啊！ What nice music it is!很美妙的音乐！howHow+形容词/副词+ 主语（the +名词）+谓 语！How fine the wea-ther is!天气真好！How+形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词！How beautiful a present!很漂亮的礼物!What引导的感叹句和how引导的感叹句可以相互转换：What a clever girl she is! = How clever the girl is!（5）祈使句祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告或建议等语气的句子。它的主语多是You （通常不说出）。 祈使句可分为肯定、否认两种形式。a.肯定形式的祈使句由动词原形开头，分两类;连系动词+表语(如：形容词、名词等)引起。如:Be a good student!要做一名好学生！b.行为动词开头。如：Open the door!翻开门吧！否认形式的构成是一律在肯定形式的祈使句之前加上Don' to如：Don，t go there alone !不要一*个人去那里。Don，t be late for class again!别再上课迟到。由let构成的肯定式的祈使句句型为：Let +宾语+动词原形+其他。如：Let me have a good rest.让我好好休息一下。以let引起的祈使句的否认形式，要视其在意思上否认了什么来决定。如否认let,那么用Dont let句 式；如否认let后面的不定式，那么在不定式前加not,即用“Let +宾语+ not +动词原形+其他。”句式。如：Don't let the children play football on the road不要让孩子们在马路上踢球。Let，s not wait outside the gate.我们不要在大门外等。(6)强调句句式是：It is (was)被强调局部+ that (who) 十句子其他局部。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语，表语 或状语。判断一个句子是否是强调句，只需去掉It bethat是否还是一个完整的句子。如：原句：Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.昨天汤姆在教室发现了我的笔。强调主语：It was Tom who/that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.强调宾语：It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.强调地点状语：It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.【注意】强调句的连词只有两个，that和whoo当强调的局部是人，且为句子的主语时，才用“who”，其余用 “that” 。，贵阳中考题例及解析单项选择根据语境或句意，选择可填入句子的最正确选项。()1. (2015 贵阳中考)一The blue jacket looks nice on you.is it?It's 50 dollars.A. How manyC. How longB. How much【解析】答案为B根据回答50美元，可知上一句是问这件夹克多少钱，所以选B。()2. (2016 贵阳中考)The air is fresh outside. Let's go and take a walk, ?A. will you B. shall weC. don，t you【解析】答案为B)3. There is【解析】答案为B)3. There is以let's开头的反意疑问句，它的反意句附加局部用shall we。some water in that bottle, isn，t ?A. thereB.itC. that【解析】答案为A由there be句型构成的反意疑问句，后面也要用到there be。)4. 一Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine?A. Yes, a dictionaryB. No, a magazineC. A dictionary【解析】答案为C问句是选择疑问句，不能用yes或no回答，所以选C。()5. “Toni, afraid of speaking in public. You are no longer a small boy,“ said Mom.A. not be B. not to be C. don，t be【解析】答案为C祈使句的否认句，用don't加动词原形，所以选C。()6. I don't believe he's a bad person, ?A. do I B. am I C. isn，t he【解析】答案为C主句为I believe that/I don，t believe that*,反意疑问句的附加局部要根据前面 从句局部的主语、谓语动词及肯定形式或否认形式来定。所以选C。,考点抢测单项选择(B )1. have you been in the sports club?Since the first month I came to the school.A. How old B. How long C. How much(A )2.do you prefer to use to keep in touch with your friends, QQ or MSN?A. Which B. How C. Where(C )3. harder, and you'11 make your dream e true one day.A. Studying B. To study C. Study(C )4. Not only reading interesting novels but also she can even write some.A. likes she B. she likes C. does she like(B )5. good advice the teacher gave me!A. How B. What C. What a(B )6. They have never been to the Great Wall, ?A. haven，t they B. have they C. don，t they(C )7.do you go to the cinema?一Once a month.A. How long B. How far C. How often(C )8.一 can you finish this English examination?一In about one and a half hours.A. How far B. How often C. How soon(A )9. Wow! beautiful Chengde is!A. How B. What C. What a(B )10. The film Hero is on at Fun Time Cinema. Let，s go to see it, ?A. will you B. shall we C. won't we(C )11. There is little tea in the cup,?A. isn，t it B. isn，t there C. is there