英语新设计人教版必修五讲义Unit1PartⅢ.docx

课前预习Part III Learning about Language & Using Language学前热身，成竹在胸I .重点单词l.spin .（使）旋转;纺（线或纱）2 .backward adv.& a4/.向后地（的）；相反地（的）.chart .图表. universe .宇宙；世界.construct。.建设；修建f construction .建设；建筑物3 .con tribute沉.&加.捐献:贡献;捐助一contribution .贡献；捐款.enthusiastic ,的.热情的；热心的-*emhusiasm .热情；热心.cautious a力.小心的:谨慎的一caution .小心；谨慎.reiect ”.拒绝;不接受；抛弃rejection九拒绝；拒绝接受；厌弃4 .creat ”.创造f creative 力.有创造力的；创造性的；独创的.positive ”打积极的；肯定的-* negative adj.消极的；否认的II .核心短语e lo an end结束2 .apart from除之外；此外.(be) strict with.对严格的ead to通向；导致.make sense讲得通；有意义5 .at times有时.be responsible for对负责.make room for为腾地方HL经典句式1 .Only if you put the sun (here did the movements of the olher planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。2 .He placed a fixed sun at (he centre of (he solar system wilh the Dlanels going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，行星都围绕太阳转动，只有月球仍然围绕地球转动。1.名词后缀：一tionconstruct of.建设；修建construclion .建设；建筑物conlributes.&oi.捐献；贡献；捐助conlribulion .贡献；捐款7.Be cautious when crossing the street.8.He walked backward (向后)before turning and running away.I【.完成句子Lit was his carelessness that contributed/led to the accident.正是他的粗心大意造成了这次事故。2.Only after my friend came was the comDuter repaired. 我的朋友来了之后，电脑才修好。3.It is difficult for me to make sense of the problem. 对我来说很难理解这道题。4 .The boss is cautious about/of making promises. 老板对承诺持谨慎态度。5 .Apart from/Besides/In addition to a pen, he presented me with two notebooks.除了一只钢笔，他还发给了我两个笔记本。HL句型转换I.You will be allowed in only when your identity has been checked.-*Only when your identity has been checked will you be allowed m(用倒装句)2.Because the baby was looked after well, we would have nothing (o worry about.With the baby looked after well, we would have nothing to worry about.(JIJ with 复合结构)3.Spring is approaching, and everything comes to life.f Wi【h spring approaching, everything conies to life.(用 with 复合结构)课时作业沙场练兵，大显身手I .单句语法填空.Qian Xuesen made great conlribulions (contribute) (o our homeland.1 .We explained our plans and he was very enthusiastic about them.2 .Mark is a cautious (caution) shopper who always does some careful research on the market.3 .Most of the factories under construction have been designed by Chinese engineers.4 . Apart from its low price» the advantage of this car lies in its good quality.5 .Tim is a very creative (create) musician who has written many songs.6 .The trade union movement (move) is concerned with working conditions.7 .He was rejected (reject) from the factory because of poor health.n.单句改错l.As two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.As-Withn the sense, what he said is reasonable.the-a.Reading aloud contributes to improve your spoken English.imDroveimproving3 .Hc lay on the grass with his eyes looked at the sky.lookcdf looking.He was very strict in himself when he was young.in->withIll.阅读理解Sir John Gurdon» a British scientist, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012, said he had predicted al the lime of his frog experiments that the successful cloning of a mammal would happen within 50 years, and that “maybe the same answer is appropriate'Tor the step to human cloning.Parents who lose children in accidents may be able to clone “copies” to replace them then.Although any attempt to clone an entire human would raise complex moral issues, the biologist claimed people would soon overcome their concerns if the technique became medically usefuLCloning was regarded with extreme doubts when it was first developed but became widely accepted after the birth of Louise Brown, the first utest-tube babyM . He said, “When my first frog experiments were done, an American reporter asked how long it would be before these things could be done in mammals or humans.I said, 'Well, it could be anytime between 10 years and 100 years一how about 50 years? ' It turned out that it wasn't far off the mark as far as Dolly was concerned.Maybe the same answer is appropriate.Sir John added that cloning a human being effectively means making an identical twin, and doctors would therefore simply be "copying what nature has already produced''.The average vote on allowing parents of deceased children, who are no longer fertile （能生育的），to create another by using the mother's eggs and skin cells from the first child, thinking the technique was safe and effective, is 60 percent in favor.The reasons for “no” are usually that the new children would feel they are some sort of replacements for something.【语篇解读】诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主、英国科学家约翰格登爵士称，那些在事故中失去子女的父母将能在未来50年内借助克隆技术，让他们的子女得到“重生”。I.Sir John predicted the human cloning would be a reality in al most.A.about 100 yearsB.about 60 yearsC.about 50 yearsD.about 10 years答案C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知，格登爵士表示，在未来50年内，那些在事故中失去孩子 的父母将有可能通过克隆技术得到孩子的“复制品”。应选C。.According to the text, which statement is NOT true?A.Louise Brown is the first wtesl-tube baby M .B.Human cloning is still a controversial topic.C.Sir John is positive about the future of human cloning.D.Human cloning is creating something that didn't exist before.答案 D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “afier ihe birlh of Louise Brown, the firsi "test-tube baby , 可 排除A项；文章尾段说明赞成者占6成，故排除B项；根据第二段中格登爵士的话可知，他对克隆人充满 了希望，故排除C项；根据第二段的尾句可知，D项表述不正确。.The underlined word “identical” probably means ”A.sameB.specialC.newD.clear答案 A 词义猜想题。根据画线词后的“ twin”和文中的“doctors would therefore simply be 'copying whatnature has already produced可知，A 项正确。4.1t can be inferred from the passage that.A.most people cast doubt on John's experimentsB.human cloning is and will be only a dreamC.fcw children love to be cloned in the futureD.human cloning may be realized someday答案D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的第一句可知，虽然克隆人类的尝试将引起复杂的道德问题，但 是生物学家声称如果克隆技术变得有医学价值，人们很快就会消除他们的担忧，应选D。 N .完形填空As a child, Bill was untidy.Il has been said (hat in order (o I Chis, his mum drew up 2 clothing plans for him.On Mondays he might go to school in blue.on Thursdays in black, and so on .Weekend meal 3 might also be planned in detail.People around Bill 4 that he was exceptional.One of his friends recalled, “He was 5 the kind of kid you didn't want 6 our team.We all knew Bill was 1 than us.Even back then, when he was nine or ten years old, he talked like a(n) 8 and could express himself in ways that none of us understood. ”Bill was also well 9 his classmates in mathematics and science.He needed to go to a school that 10 him. Lakeside, an all boy school for 11 students.Lakeside allowed students to go after their own 12 > to whatever extent they wishcd.Thc school 13 itself on helping all its students to reach their 14 potential.lt was the ideal environment for someone like Bill Gates.During his time at Lakeside» Bill scored a(n) 15 eight hundred on a mathematics lest.Il was extremely important to him to get this gradehe had to (ake the 16 more than once in order to do it.Computer time was expensive and, because Bill was anxious to get more 17 and already had an understanding 18 what he could achieve 19 > he decided to 20 a company ： The Lakeside Programmers Group. "Let's call the real world and try to sell something to it! ” Bill announced.【语篇解读】本文为夹叙夹议文。比尔盖茨在少年时期虽然在生活上不修边幅，但却在其他方面远超同龄人。1 .A.balanceB.keepC.watchD.continue答案 A 根据上文的“Bill was untidy”可知，比尔不修边幅，结合下文的“his mum drew up 2 clothing plans for him”及下文比尔学习成绩优异可知，为了平衡着装与学习，母亲为其制订了每周的着装计划。 balance "使均衡"。.A.certainB.strictC.weeklyD.timely答案 C 根据下文的“On Mondays.。 Thursdays in black, and so onM可知，此处表示每周的着装计划。 weekly “每周的"。2 .A.dishesB.conferencesC.placesD.schedules答案 D 根据语境可知，比尔周末的用餐时间也可能是详细计划好的。schedule “时刻表”。.A.sawB.discussedC.confuscdD.rccognizcd答案 D 根据下文朋友的回想可知，比尔周围的人都意识到他是杰出的。recognize “意识到"。3 .A.cvcrB.neverC.scldomD.always答案B 他绝不是那种在团队中无足轻重的孩子。never “从不，绝不"。.A.forB.onC.amongD.against答案B 参见上题解析。应选B。4 .A.smarterB.olderC.strongerD.braver答案 A 根据上文的"he was exceptional”和下文的"when he was nine or ten years old, he talked like a(n)5 and could express himself in ways that none of us understood M 可知，此处指的是比尔比其他人要聪明。 smart “聪明的”。.A.childB. teacherC.adultD.man答案 C 根据下文的“and could express himself in ways that none of us understood”可知，比尔说起话来像 个大人，他的朋友们不能理解。adull “成年人”。.A.back offB.far fromC.ahead ofD.more than答案C 根据上文他比同龄人聪明可知，他在数学和科学上也领先他的同学们。ahead of “领先” . .A.defeatedB.challengedC.entertainedD. monitored答案B 根据上文内容可知，比尔是个杰出的孩子，所以需要去一所激发他能力的学校。challenge "考 验（能力和技巧）,激发" O .A.exccptionalB.richC.ordinaryD.special答案 A 根据第二段的第一句"People around Bill 4 that he was exceptional”可知，这所学校招收杰出 的男学生。exceptional "杰出的"。8 .A.friendsB.valuesC.careersD.interests答案 D 根据下文的“It was the ideal environment for someone like Bill Gates”可知，这所学校让孩子们追 求自己的兴趣。interest “兴趣”。. A.lookedB.openedC.pridedD.tricked答案C 根据语境可知，该学校以帮助孩子充分发挥他们的潜能为骄傲。pride ”以为骄傲"。.A.dccpB. sacredC.fuilD.rich答案C 参见上题解析。full “充分的"。.A.logicalB.toughC. imaginaryD.pcrfcct答案 D 根据语境可知，800分应是很好的得分。perfect ”极好的，优秀的“。1.A.testB. lessonC.taskD. measure答案 A 根据上文可知，为了取得这样的成绩，比尔不得不参加不止一次的测试。test “测试”。9 .A.timeB.fundsC.helpD.grades答案 A 根据上文的“Computer time was expensive”及下文所述他开办公司的原因可知，本句是讲他迫切 需要更多的上机时间。.A.toB.ofC.fromD.bchind答案B 根据下文的“hedccidcdto M acompany”可知，他开办公司的第二个原因是他领悟到他在经 济上会有所收益。have an understanding of ”理解,领悟”。.A.psychologicallyB.financiallyC.wiselyD.universally答案 B 参见上题解析。financially “经济上”。10 .A.pick upB.take upC.send upD.set up答案D 根据语境可知，此处指比尔决定开办公司。set叩''开办"。cautious M.小心的：谨慎的*caution几小心;谨慎reject”.拒绝；不接受；抛弃一rejection .拒绝；拒绝接受；灰弃2 .形容词后缀：一live, iccreat 创造一creative画.有创造力的；创造性的；独创的enthusiasm .热情；热心-*enthusiastic。切.热情的：热心的.归类记单词：一ward后缀表方向的词backward adv.& “方向后地（的）；相反地（的）；forward adv.& ”方向前地（的）；eastward adv.&向东地（的）；westward adv.& a步向西地（的）；northward adv.&吟向北地（的）：southward adv.& 向南地（的）阅读清障revolutionary/?rev?'lu?n?rl/a6.革命的；重大变革的confuscd/k?n'fju?zd/a4'.迷惑的；混乱的ignore/Ig'n?/w.不理睬；忽视 calculalion/?k?lkjuel?n/.计算lead to导致；通向由at.solar system为同位语从句，解称呼明conclusion的具体内容。movcmcnt/，mu?vm?nt/.运动；移动：动作make sense讲得通：有意义此处“Only+if引导的条件状语从句”置于句首，主句要用局部倒装结构，主句谓语中的助动词did移 至主句主语之前。Xas.such an idea为as引导的原因状语从句，从句中would have punished表示对过去将要发生的事情的假 设。powerful/'pa?fl/M.有权势的；有影响力的arise/?'ralz/oi.出现，发生，产生 astronomei7?'str?n?m?（r）/.天文学家?backward/'b?kw?d/a而.&时.向后地（的）；相反地（的）move backward向后移动?loop/lu?p/.圈；环in a loop呈环状XThe problem arose为主句，because.in a loop '为because引导的原因状语从句，在原因状语从句中含有that 引导的宾语从句。Xif在此引导条件状语从句，该从句由and连接的两个并列句组成。?do指代上文出现的explain?work on致力于?complete/k?m'pli?t/M/.完整的,完全的improving. plete作伴随状语，其中含有until引导的时间状语从句。?privately/'praIvltll/adv.私下地;秘密地Xhe made.theory为定语从句，修饰先行词the changes»关系代词that或which已省略。?fixcd/fikst/6/J/.固定的，不变的Xwiih.ihe earth为"wilh+儿+doing”形式的wilh复合结构,作伴随状语。?spin/spln/p«.&p.(spun， spun)(使)旋转Xas.thc sun为as引导的时间状语从句,as表示“当时”。?brigh(ness/'braIlnIs/.明亮；亮度;聪颖 ?enihusiastic/In?Qju?zI'?slIk/a力热心的;热情的 be enthusiastic about 对热心caulious/'k?s/M/.小心的；谨慎的 be cautious about 对小心谨慎Xs。连接两个并列分句，表示因果关系；as.in 1543为as引导的时间状语从句。Oreject/iTd?ekt/".拒绝；不接受；抛弃Obe against反对，违背be for支持,赞同现在分词短语saying.attacked作状语，其中who supported it为定语从句，修饰先行词peopleo前which.built为on which引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the basiso须 replace/iTplels/”.代替create/kri'elt/”.创造；产生obviously/'?bvI?sH/a而明显地；显然地 which said.the universe 为 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the Christian idea of gravity o said 后面是宾语从句，宾语从句中乂包含because引导的原因状语从句。，原文呈现COPERNICUS，REVOLUTIONARYTHEORYNicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused" .Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations' led to the same conclusion tbaLg-eartb亚缆一118怆一£©皿勤3一也或一$。】斑 s、倒emqnlyJiLYQ&RUJhej期01幼以黑。虱挺一期泵倒1娱联亡01也鼠0由其血如攵1111旭_盘0联41绘£觐磁巾.丫1 he could not tell anyone about his theory as ihc一suggesting such an idea.They believed God had made Ihe world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose, because astronomers'" had noticed that some planets in ihe sky seemed to stop, move 蜘ck贯骐d?如d then gQ Rrw犯Lin aQQP?.Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.This was very strange if，h殳£啦范&>1垣£111及341)殳5。13匚5丫5工弧且1)蛇11&20攵&一.雌。110«114上1.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer.He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge (o explain them.But only his new theory could do ? that.So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on? il, gradually improving his IhgQiy Mlil h最同LiL wasIn 1514 he showed it privately7 to his friends.The changes hg made ohe old iheorv were revolulionary.He placed a fixed7 sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it.astill going roundthe earth.He also suggested that (he earth was spinning7 as iLwenLrQund Ihe sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness7 of the stars.His friends were enthusiastic7 and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious.He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so hc only publishcdiLas hc lay dying in 1543.Certainly he was right to be careful.The Christian Church rejected® his theory,ingn§tO-GQd：S idca.andpeopk、双hQ_SUPPOSE. jLWQUldbe aKacked.Yel Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe arc buik.His theory replaced®the Christian idea of gravity, MiiehsaidJhii侬黛Ugeaihhe领iseSfisLcEeaied 州the earth as the centre of the univcrsc.Copcrnicus showed this was obviously®wrong.Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton,Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.课文译文哥白尼的革命性理论尼古拉哥白尼很害怕，他的思维很混乱。虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，但是他所有的数学计算 都得出同一个结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上时，天空中其他行星的运动 才能说得清楚。然而，他不能把他的这个理论告诉任何人，因为即使他只是暗示了这种想法，也会受到有 影响力的基督教会的惩罚。教会认为上帝创造了世界，正因为如此，地球才是特殊的，它一定是太阳系的 中心。问题出现了，因为天文学家们曾经注意到，天上有些行星似乎会停下来，后移，然后呈环状向前移动。 另一些有时看上去比拟亮，有时又不怎么亮。如果地球是太阳系的中心，而所有的行星都是围绕着地球转 动的话，那么这种现象就很奇怪了。哥白尼对这些问题曾经苦苦思索过很久，并试图找出答案。他曾经收集过观测恒星的数据，并且用他 全部的数学知识来解释它们。但是只有他的新理论能对此作出解释。于是在1510年和1514年之间，他一 直致力于这项研究，逐步完善他的理论，直到他觉得这个理论是完整的为止。1514年，他私下里把他的理论证明给他的朋友。他对旧理论所做的修改是革命性的。他把太阳固定在 太阳系的中心位置匕行星都绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。他还说明地球在绕着太阳转的同时， 也在自转，这就解释了行星运动的变化以及恒星亮度的变化。他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公布于 世，而哥白尼却小心谨慎。他不想遭到基督教会的攻击，所以他直到1543年临终之前才公布了这一观点。当然，他的小心谨慎是对的。基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背上帝的旨意，而且支持04/14这种理论的人都将遭到攻击。然而现在哥白尼的理论是我们所有的宇宙观建立的基础。他的理论取代了基 督教的地心引力说，地心引力说认为物体往地面上落是因为上帝把地球创造成了宇宙的中心。哥白尼指出 这明显是错误的。如今人们可以看到，他的理论与艾萨克牛顿、阿尔伯特爱因斯坦以及斯蒂芬霍金的研究都有着直接的联系。Choose the best answers according to the text.1 .Copernicus felt confused and frightened, because.A.his conclusion was against that of the Christian ChurchB.his calculations were wrongC.his findings were for the Christian ChurchD.hc failed to prove his theory2.The theory that the earth was the centre of the universe couldn't explain that.A.God had made the worldB.all the planets moved around the earthC.some planets appeared brighter at times and less bright at othersD.the Christian Church was powerful3.It was obvious that Copernicus reached his conclusion by.A.reasoning and imaginationB.observation and ca