河北省张家口市2021届高三英语上学期期末考试试题含解析.docx

河北省张家口市2021届高三英语上学期期末考试试题（含解析）注意事项：1 .本试卷由四部分组成。2 .考试时间120分钟，满分150分。3 .答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡相应的位置。4 .全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题L 5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳 选项。 听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一 遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15.答案是C。1. What does the man mean?A. They can take a taxi. B. They will miss the bus. C. They should keep waiting.2. Where are the speakers?A. In an office.B. In a football club. C. In a meeting hall.3. What are the speakers like?A. Determined.B. Considerate.C. Hard-working,What will Jane do after school?A. Watch a movie.B. Meet her teacher. C. Prepare for an exam.4. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. A dream.B. A trip.C. An accident.第二节（共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。5. What's the probable relationship between the speakers?work.（“这不是一个真正的词。我不在乎字典上怎么说。”作者Michelle Ray回应道，她 在马里兰州银泉市教英语。而且她说她还打算在学生的作业上把“irregardless”标记为不 正确。）”可推知，Michelle Ray不愿意接受“irregardless” 一词的使用。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中 “When ，/irregardless，/ was included in Merriam-Webster dictionary, it caused wide disagreements.（当 irregardless词被收录进韦氏词典时， 引起了广泛 争议）”结合文章介绍了 “irregardless”这个单词的起源，韦氏词典对其的解 释以及人们对此的不同看法。可知，D选项“不管你怎么想，"irregardless,就是算一个单 词”最符合文章标题。故选D。DA long-term dream for 3D bioprinting is that people on active waiting lists for organ donations might one day have the option of getting a bio-printed organ. Although the ability to produce a functional heart or kidney this way likely lies years in the future, realistic near-term goals include bioprinting simpler structures. Living tissues printed outside the body, however, would still require implantation operation, which often involves large incisions （切 口）that increase the risk of infection and lengthen recovery time.Scientists in Tsinghua University are working on a way to print cells directly inside the body. The idea would be to use existing minimally invasive （微创）operation techniques to insert 3D printing tools into patients and then lay down new tissues.Much of the previous research has focused on treatments of skin and other tissues in the outer part of the body, because the necessary equipment is normally too large to access :he digestive tract （消化道）and other centrally located organs. Scientists in China wanted to develop a mini bioprinting robot that could enter the human body with relative case, so that they can use the technology for conditions like stomach ulcer （胃溃疡）.The resulting micro robot is just 30 millimeters wide一less than half the width of a credit card 一 and can fold to a length of 43 millimeters. Once inside a patient，s body, it unfolds to become 59 millimeters long and can start bioprinting. The team has constructed clever mechanisms that make the system compact when entering the body yet extend to provide a large working area once past the tight entry. In their experiments, the researchers in China fitted the micro robot onto a long tube that can be inserted through bodily openings and successfully snaked it through a curved pipe into a transparent plastic model of a stomach.12. What is the aim of Tsinghua/ s new research?A. To repair wounded skin of the human body.B. To take stomach ulcer out of the human body,To print new tissues inside the human body.C. To plant 3D printed organs into the human body.13. What is the advantage of Tsinghua，s new technique?A. Immediate organ sharing.B. Reduced patient suffering.C. Less use of operation equipment.D. Accurate health condition identification.14. What is the end product of Tsinghua，s research?A. A plastic stomach.B. A snake- like long tube.C. A 3D printed structure.D. A mini bioprinting robot.15. What，s the author，s purpose in writing the text?A. To guide.B. To inform.C. To advertise. D. To argue.【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了清华大学研究的一款医用微型3D打印机器人。【12题详解】细节理解题。由第二段 Scientists in Tsinghua University are working on a way to print cells directly inside the body. The idea would be to use existing minimally invasive （微仓ll） operation techniques to insert 3D printing tools into patients and then lay down new tissues. ”（清华大学的科学家正在研究一种直接在体内打印细胞的方法。其想法 是利用现有的微创手术技术，将3D打印工具插入患者体内，然后放置新的组织。）可知清华 新研究是利用现有的微创手术技术在体内植入3D打印工具，在人体内3D打印新组织。故选C 项。【13题详解】推理判断题。由第一段中的“Living tissues printed outside the body, however, would still require implantation operation, which often involves large incisions （切 口） that increase the risk of infection and lengthen recovery time. ” （然而， 在体夕卜打 印的活组织仍然需要植入手术，这通常需要大切口，这会增加感染的风险并延长恢复时间。） 和第二段“Scientists in Tsinghua University are working on a way to print cells directly inside the body. The idea would be to use existing minimally invasive （微 仓ij） operation techniques to insert 3D printing tools into patients and then lay down new tissues."（清华大学的科学家正在研究一种直接在体内打印细胞的方法。其想法是利 用现有的微创手术技术，将3D打印工具插入患者体内，然后放置新的组织。）可知体外打印 的活组织植入体内时，需要大切口，感染风险高恢复时间长，而清华的新技术是微创手术， 在体内直接3D打印新组织，也就是不需要大切口，恢复时间短，感染风险低，所以对患者来 说就是痛苦最少。故选B 项。【14题详解】细节理解题。由最后一段中的"The resulting micro robot is just 30 millimeters wide一less than half the width of a credit card 一 and can fold to a length of 43 millimeters. "（这种随之产生的微型机器人的宽度只有30毫米，比信用卡宽度的一半还小, 可以折叠到43毫米长。）和下文对这个微型3D打印机器人的描述，可知清华研究的最终成果 是微型生物打印机器人。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。本文的体裁为说明文，介绍了清华大学研究的一款医用微型3D打印机器人，由 此可见其写作目的应为“To inform"（报告）。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分125分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多 余选项。Restaurants, schools, dentist offices are all keeping more windows open to let in more fresh air. 16 Now researchers at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore have come up with a device that，s like noise-cancelling headphones-but for a building.It works on the same principle, so it detects noise that's coming into the windows and then cancels the noise. 17 A microphone samples incoming noise, and then sends the speakers instructions on what sort of antinoise to give out. The result is to cancel out the incoming sound.18 At the same time it allows air to keep flowing into and out of the window.The device is just a prototypeso it's still expensive. And it doesn，t block out all sounds. It masks sound at frequencies from 300 to 1,000 Hz. 19The technology will probably come in handy in Singapore as this country already has a lot of green buildings that use natural ventilation. But the downside is: when you have lots of openings in the buildings, the noise comes in. 20 The group of window speakers could do the trick一especially if people prefer peace and quiet to a good view, which folks at home tend to do all night.A. But this also lets in more noise.B. The green buildings are energy-saving.C. This includes the noise of freeways, trains and planes.D. So you need some way to manage the increasing noise.E The headphones are designed for us to cover up our ears.F. Compared with a closed window, the antinoise device is almost as good.G. The device looks like a group of small speakers and fits over an open window.【答案】16. A 17. G 18. F 19. C 20. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种针对建筑物所设计的类似于降噪耳机的装置，介绍了 其工作原理和消音效果等情况。【16题详解】根据上文 uRestaurants, schools, dentist offices are all keeping more windows open to let in more fresh air.（餐馆、学校、牙医诊所都开着更多的窗户，让更多的新鲜空气 进来）“ 以及后文 "Now researchers at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore have come up with a device that* s like noise-cancelling headphones-but for a building.（现在，新加坡南洋理工大学的研究人员发明了一种类似于降噪耳机的装置一一不 过是为建筑物设计的）”可知，上文提到开窗可以让新鲜空气进来，后文则提到降噪耳机，可知本句与上文构成转折，说明开窗通风的同时会带来更多的噪音。A选项中noise与后文noise-cancelling相对应。故A选项“但这也会带来更多的噪音”符合语境，故选A。【17题详解】 根据上文“It works on the same principle, so it detects noise that's coming into the windows and then cancels the noise.（它的工作原理是一样的，所以它能检测到从窗户进 来的噪音，然后消除噪音）”以及后文 “A microphone samples incoming noise, and then sends the speakers instructions on what sort of antinoise to give out. The result is to cancel out the incoming sound.（麦克风对传入的噪声进行采样，然后向扬声器发送 指令，告诉它们发出什么样的抗噪声。其结果是抵消了传入的声音）”可知本段介绍了这款消 音设施的工作原理，故本句承上启下也是在介绍这个装置的工作原理，G选项中a group of small speakers与后文中the speakers相对应。故G选项“这个装置看起来像一组小喇叭， 可以安装在打开的窗户上”符合语境，故选G。【18题详解】根据后文 “At the same time it allows air to keep flowing into and out of the window. The device is just a prototype一so it's still expensive. And it doesn，t block out all sounds. It masks sound at frequencies from 300 to 1, 000 IIz.（同口寸，它使空气不 断地进出窗户。这款设备还只是个雏形，所以还是很贵。而且它不会屏蔽所有的声音。它能 屏蔽300至1000赫兹频率的声音）”可知，本段讲的是这款设施的消音效果，F项是对这一效 果的总述，适合放在该段第一句。且后文中it指代F选项中the antinoise device。故F选 项“与关闭的窗户相比，防噪音装置的消音效果几乎一样好”符合语境，故选F。【19题详解】根据上文 “And it doesn，t block out all sounds. It masks sound at frequencies from 300 to 1,000 Hz.（而且它不会屏蔽所有的声音。它能屏蔽300至1000赫兹频率的声音）”可 知，上文提到这一设施能消除300到1000Hz这一范围内的噪音，故本句位于本段最后一句， 应当承接上文说明这一范围内都包括哪些噪音。故C选项“这包括高速公路、火车和飞机的 噪音”符合语境，故选C。20题详解】根据上文 “The technology will probably come in handy in Singapore as this country already has a lot of green buildings that use natural ventilation. But the downside is: when you have lots of openings in the buildings, the noise comes in.（这项技术 可能会在新加坡派上用场，因为这个国家已经有很多使用自然通风的绿色建筑。但缺点是： 当大楼有很多开口时，噪音就进来了）”以及后文“The group of window speakers could do the trick一especially if people prefer peace and quiet to a good view, which folks at home tend to do all night.（这组窗户扬声器可以起到作用 尤其是当人们更喜欢安 静而不是好风景的时候，而在家的人往往整夜都在这样做）”可知，本段讲的是为什么新加坡 人需要这一消音设施，上文提到了噪音多的原因，故本句总结上文说明：这就是为什么需要 一些方法来处理这些不断增加的噪音。故D选项"所以你需要一些方法来处理不断增加的噪 音”符合语境，故选D。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.When 10-year-old Eric Jones learned how to grow pumpkins （南瓜）in the planting club of his school, he was 21 to grow his own pumpkins. He thought it would be a great way to pass time and get rid of 22, At home he found a pieceof 23 in the backyard and put in the work to gather, clean, and plant seedsand wanted to 24 his crop in fall.The boy，s curiosity work turned out 25 and his boredom paid off. He ended up with an enormous harvest. As it was much more than the family can consume, the boy set out to 26 . He wanted to sell the pumpkins to raise fund for BooneCounty Cancer Society. His mom Corrie did some advertising on social media, but she didn，t expect his crop to become a big 27While pumpkins aren，t 28 the first choice when people buy vegetables. Eric had no problem getting customers to buy his.29. they knew the earnings were going to support a good 30It was 31 that people lined up for the pumpkins. Within a few weeks, those pumpkins helped him raise $720! At that point. he and his mom headed to Boone County Cancer Society and 32 every penny to them.What he did was very helpful to the organization. The director said fundraising 33 a lot to providing treatment for patients who are 34 and Eric，sdonation can make a difference.Eric plans to do it all over again next year! In his words. "The people don，tslop having35so why should I stop selling pumpkins?”21. A. forcedB. forbiddenC. inspiredD.persuaded22. A. freedomB. boredomC. anxietyD.curiosity23. A. landB. paperC. clothD. wood24. A. advertiseB. test25. A. interestingB. annoyingA. give back26. A. dealA. speciallyB. come backB. fishB. typicallyabsolutely29. A. AnyhowA. person30. A. amusingA. lent31. A. contributesA. badly off32. A. troubleB. After allB. schoolB. scaringB. postedB. connectsB. far awayB. moneyC. harvestC. stressfulC. step backC. hitC. merelyC. SomehowC. researchC. thrillingC. returnedC. occupiesC. left outC. cancerD. exhibitD. fruitfulD. hold backD. handD.D. Above allD. causeD. amazingD. donatedD. deliversD. taken inD. leisure【答案】21. C 22. B23. A 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C28. B 29.B 30. D 31. D 32. D 33. A34. A 35. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,文章讲述了一个10岁的男孩自己种南瓜，然后帮助癌症病人的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当10岁的Eric Jones在学校的种植俱乐部学会了如何种南瓜后,他就被鼓励着去种自己的南瓜。A. forced强迫；B. forbidden禁止；C. inspired鼓励，激励；D. persuaded说服。根据上句提到，他新学会了种南瓜，所以应该是自己受到鼓励，想去自己试一试种植的过程。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他认为这是一种很好的度过时间去除无聊的方式。A. freedom自由； B. boredom无聊；C.anxiety焦虑；D. curiosity好奇心。根据上文提到“打发时间”的方 式，再根据下文提到“his boredom paid off”，他认为这是一种很好的度过时间去除无聊 的方式。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在家后院他找到了一块空地，然后准备，清理并种下种子，想要 在秋天收获他的收成。A. land地方；B. paper纸;C. cloth布；D. wood树林。上文提到, 他要自己种南瓜，所以应该是先找一块地。故选A。24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在家后院他找到了一块空地，然后准备，清理并种下种子，想要 在秋天收获他的收成。A. advertise广告；B. test测试；C.harvest收获；D.exhibit展 览。根据“ He ended up with an enormous harvest. ,他准备在后院的一块地上种南瓜， 所以本句应该是“想在秋天收获”。故选C。L25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的好奇心的这份付出结果是非常有成果的。A. interesting有 趣的；B. annoying生气的；C. stressful有压力的；D.fruitful有成果的。根据下句，“He ended up with an enormous harvestn ,可知,他最终有了巨大的收获，他种的南瓜有了结 果。故选D。26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于家人根本吃不了这么多，所以这个男孩开始回报社会。A. give back 回报；B. come back 回来；C. step back 返回；D. hold back 阻止。根据下文，uHe wanted to sell the pumpkins to raise fund for Boone County Cancer Society,可知I,他通过 卖南瓜为癌症协会募集资金，所以可推出是“他想回馈社会"。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是她没有想到他的收成会成为一件轰动一时的事件。A. deal交 易；B. fish鱼；Chit轰动一时的事件；D. hand手。根据下文，人们知道买南瓜的钱都用 于支持福利事业后，纷纷去购买他的南瓜，可知，此事当时被众人所知，轰动一时。故选C。28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管当人们买蔬菜时，南瓜通常并不是第一选择，但是Eric毫不 费力地就让人们买了他的南瓜。A. specially专门地；B. typically通常地；C. merely仅仅 地；D.absolutely绝对地。while引导让步状语从句，主从句为转折关系，所以可推出是“通 常人们不会先买南瓜”。故选B。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，他们知道这些收入都将用于支持一项好的事业。A. Anyhow 无论如何；B. After all毕竟；C.Somehow不知怎么；D.above all最重要的是。根据下文 “Eric had no problem getting customers to buy his. ” 空后面句子应该在讲人们买南瓜 的原因，所以用after all引出。故选B。30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，他们知道这些收入都将用于支持一项好的事业。A. person 人;B. school学校；C.research调查，研究；D.cause事业。根据上文，男孩想为癌症协 会募集资金，所以这是一项福利事业。故选D。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令人惊叹的是，人们排队去买南瓜。A. amusing逗乐的；B. scaring 令人害怕的；C. thrilling令人激动的;D. amazing令人惊奇的。根据后面从句内容,人们 排队买南瓜，可知，此事是令人惊奇的。故选D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他和他的妈妈去往Boone County Cancer Society,把所有的钱捐 给他们。A. lent借；B. posted张贴；C. returned归还；D. donated捐赠。根据上文，这 个男孩是想种南瓜为癌症协会募集资金，所以他们卖完南瓜后，把钱捐给了他们。故选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个组织的主任说这次的资金募集有助于为穷的病人提供治疗。A. contributes 做贡献；B. connects 连接；C. occupies 占据；D. delivers 发送。根据下 句提到,“Eric's donation can make a difference. n ,可知,他的捐献起到了很大作用, 所以用contribute to ,表示“对做贡献，有助于"。故选A。【34题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：这个组织的主任说这次的资金募集有助于为穷的病人提供治疗。A. badly off 穷的；B. far away 远的；C. left out 省略；D. taken in 吸收。根据 " providing treatment for patients”可知，这个男孩的资金可以有助于病人的癌症治疗，可知，这些 病人应该是贫穷的，没有治病的钱。故选A。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们不会停止得癌症，我为什么要停止种南瓜呢？ A. trouble麻烦;B. money 钱；C. cancer 癌症；D. leisure 休闲。根据上句"Boone County Cancer Society”， 可知，男孩计划明年继续种南瓜，所以可推出本句是他在解释继续种南瓜的原因，因为一直 会有人得癌症，所以就会一直有人需要他的帮助。故选C。【点睛】第二节（共10小题；每小1. 5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A custom may take generations to form, especially in terms of choosing symbolic food for a holiday. But eating birthday noodles in China for National Day is a new custom, 36 is quickly gaining popularity in China.The Chinese have been eating and developing various kinds of noodles37thousands of years. 38 is a widely practiced custom for