外研版七年级下册英语Module 10 语法知识点.docx

外研版七年级下册英语Module 10语法知识点Unit 1知识点精析1. Where are you going on holiday,Tony?托尼，你准备去哪里度假？on holiday意为“在度假，在休假”。go on holiday意为“去度假”。例:My parents are on holiday in Sanya.我父母在三亚度假。知识拓展“on+名词”结构的短语：on fire 着火 on business 出差 on sale 出售 on duty 值班I went there two years ago and enjoyed it a lot.两年前我去过那里，并且非常喜欢它。a lot意为“非常”，是口语中的一个常用短语，多用于肯定句中，有时也用于疑 问句中。其主要用法如下：作名词短语，意为“很多；大量”，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，其后常有动词 不定式短语作后置定语。例:Sometimes we have very little snow here, but sometimes there's a lot.有时我们这儿雪很少，但有时又很多。This is a lot.这真多。作副词短语，在句中作状语表示程度，意为“很；非常；修饰动词、感叹词、 介词短语、形容词或副词的比较级。例:It rains a lot at this time of year.每年这个时 常常卜雨。Thanks a lot.多谢a lot 前可用 such, what, quite, rather 修饰。例：I like him quite a lot.我非常喜欢他。2. How long did it take to get there?到那里花费了 多长时间？how long意为“多长时间”，常用来提问某一动作或状态持续了多长时间。例:How long did you watch TV last weekend?上个周末你看了多长时间的电视？第I页共9页 辨析： how long, how soon 与 how oftenhow long”(历时)多长时间；多长”，可用于多种时态中，对时间段或物体长度进 行提问how soon“多久以后”，常用于一般将来时中，对“in+一段时间“进行提问how oRen“多久一次”，常用于一般现在时中，对频率进行提问例:-How long did you live there?你在那儿住了多长时间了 ？-For seven years.7 年了。-How soon will they come back?他们要过多久才回来？-They'll come back in two weeks.他们两周之后回来。-How often do you go home?你多久回家一次？-Once week.一周一次。Il takes (sb.) some lime to do slh.意为“做某事花费(某人)多长时间”(> it 为形式主语，后面的动词不定式短语为真正的主语。例：It takes me half an hour to get to school.到学校花费我半个小时。辨析：take 与 spendtake常用句型：It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间spend主语 必须是人，常用句型:spend money on sth."在.上花费金钱”,spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事例：It won't take you much time to write the email写这封邮件不会花费你很多时间。I only want to spend about 2().我只想花2()美元左右的钱。Tony spends all his free time painting.托尼花费他所有的空余时间来绘画。3. Then our friends met us and drove us to their home.然后我们的朋友来接我们，并开车载我们去了他们家。drive sb.to意为“开车载某人去t。接地点名词，后面直接跟地点副词时省略tOo例：Can you drive me to the station?你可以开车载我到车站吗？Let me drive you there.让我开车载你去那儿。4. Well, first, we went to Disneyland, and guess what?第2页共9页 哦，首先，我们去了迪士尼乐园，你猜怎么着？guess动词,意为“猜；猜测”。例：-Can you guess her age?你能猜猜她的年龄吗？-Less than thirty, I guess.不到三十吧，我猜。I guess he was wrong.我猜他错了。知识拓展guess作名词，意为“猜，猜想例：Make guess at the answer.猜一下答案。I'll give you three guesses.我让你猜三次。guess what用于口语中，意为“猜猜看；你猜怎么着”，表示意想不到、意料之外 等意义。例:Guess what! My pen pal will come to China soon.你猜怎么着！我的笔友将很快来中国。6.1 was so excited!我是如此兴奋！excited形容词，意为“激动的；兴奋的excited常用于be, become,feel等连系 动词后面作表语。例：-What are you excited about?你为什么这么兴奋呢？-Zhang Zc won the tennis match.张泽赢得了网球比赛辨析：excited 与 excitingexcited"激动的；兴奋的“，常修饰人exciting“令人激动的；令人兴奋的“，常修饰物例:Fm very excited about going on holiday.我对要去度假感到很激动。My friend Gina wants to have an exciting holiday.我的朋友吉娜想要一个令人兴奋的假期。Unit 2知识点精析.Jenny and I arrived by plane the day before yesterday.我和珍妮前天乘飞机到达这儿。anive意为“到达”，为不及物动词，后面不可直接接宾语，但可接here, there, home第3页共9页 等表地点的副词；接介词in（一般用于较大的地方）或at（一般用于较小的地方）后 再加宾语。例：-Did you arrive in Paris last night?你们昨晚到的巴黎吗？-Yes,we arrived there late.是的,我们很晚到达了那里。辨析：arrive, get 与 reachanive不及物动词，常与介词in或at连用。表示到达国家、城市等大地方时用 介词in；到达村、镇、车站、机场等小地方时，用介词atget不及物动词，其后须接介词2,多用于口语中。若接地点副词，则省略to reach及物动词，其后直接跟宾语，一般不接地点副词。例:Mr Green will arrive in Canada next Wednesday下周三格林先生将到达加拿大。All the students arrived at school ear Wednesday.上周三所有的学生都到达学校很早。Write to me when you get to Chongqing.到了重庆给我写信。He reached Shanghai last monlh.他上个月到的上海。小贴土arrive, get和reach在句中可灵活运用或替换。例：They arrived in/got to/reached Beijing yesterday morning.他们昨天上午到的北京。the day before yesterday意为“前天”，是一般过去时的时间状语。例：They visited the zoo the day before yesterday.他们前天参观动物园了。知识拓展the day after tomorrow意为“后天”，是一般将来时的时间状语。例:We'll have an English exam the day after tomorrow.我们后天有英语测验。1 .We were tired so we relaxed at home and began our tour of the city yesterday.我们很累，所以我们在家休息，昨天才开始我们的城市之旅。so用作连词，意为“因此，所以“，引导结果状语从句。注意从句时态要和主句识 时态保持一致。例：I heard some noise outside, so I went out of the room to see why.第4页共9页我听到外面有一些嘈杂声，因此我走出房间看看为什么。relax动词,意为“放松;休息”,可单独使用,后面也可以跟宾语。relax oneself 意为“自我放松”。例:They are too tired. They need to relax.他们太累了。他们需要放松。知识拓展 relaxing形容词，意为“使人放松的，轻松的”;relaxed形容词，意为“感到放松的”。例:This is a relaxing evening and I'm really relaxed.这是一个轻松的晚上，我真的感到很放松。tour用作名词，意为“旅行”。例:That's the end of the tour of the city.对这座城市的参观到此结束了。We met on a coach tour in Italy.我们是在意大利乘长途客车旅游时认识的。2 . It has many world-famous works of art, such as the M isa.那里有许多举世闻 名的艺术品，譬如蒙娜丽莎。works of art “艺术作品”，也可以说art works o是可数名词复数形式,意为“作品 例:There are quite lot works of art in museum.博物馆里有许多艺术作品。Jin Yong is famous for his great works.金庸以他的巨著而出名。3 . In the evening we had dinner in a French restaurant.晚上我们在一家法国餐厅吃的晚饭。have dinner“吃晚饭"。have在这里表示“吃；喝"，是一个实义动词，构成否定句 和疑问句时，要借助动词。例：I want to have a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。Does she have lunch at home?她在家吃午饭吗？He doesn't have supper at school.他不在学校吃晚饭。French形容词，意为“法国的；法语的”，作名词时意为“法国人；法语”。例:Do you like French films?你喜欢法国影片吗？He speaks French.他说法语。4 .They sell such good fruit and vegetables.它彳门卖的水果和蔬菜常好。第5页共9页 sell及物动词，意为“卖;出售"。sell sb. sth.或sell sth. to sb.意为“卖给某人某物”。 其反义词为buy“买，例:The store sells all kinds of toys.这家商店卖各种玩具。小贴士sell的主语也可以是物，和well连用表示“卖得不错；畅销顺畅”。例:This kind of shoes sells well.这种鞋卖得不错such此处用作限定词，意为“如此的"，“such(+a/an)+形容词+名词”是一个固定结 构，意为“如此的(一个)例：How silly it was of you to give up such good chance!你放弃如此好的一个机会是多么的愚繇呀！I don't go to the market in such cold weather.如此冷的天我不去市场。知识拓展such表示“如此，这么”时与SO同义，但在用法上有区别：such后跟名词，而so后跟形容词或副词。例：It was careless of you to make such a mistake.你犯这样的错误真是粗心。Don't be so strict with yourself.不要对自己如此的严格。such与so后有形容词和名词时，such与so在句中的位置不同： such(+a/an)+形容词+名词；so+形容词(+a/an)+名词。例：He caught such a bad cold that he kept coughing all the day.= He caught so bad cold that he kept coughing all the day.他得了如此重的感冒以至于一整天都在咳嗽。 当名词前有many, much, few, little表示“如此多/如此少''时，应用so而不用 sucho例:Why do you have so much homework today?你今天为什么有如此多的家庭作业？5 . There were lots of tourists, so first of all,we had to wait in line for an hour, and then we went to the top.那里有许多游客，所以首先我们不得不排队等了一个小时，然后我们到达塔顶。 first of all意为“首先；第一”，通常放在句首。第6页共9页 例:First of all, let me tell you the news.首先，让我告诉你这个消息。知识拓展first也可表示“第一；首先”。firstly表示“第一；首先“，主要用来列举条目，之后出现的用secondly,thirdly 等。at first(二at the beginning),意为“最初；最早时；起初”，强调时间顺序。wait in line意为“排队等候例:There are many people waiting in line in front of the shop.那家商店前面有很多人在排队等候。I waited in line for 15 minutes.我排队等了 15 分钟。top名词，意为“顶端，顶部al ihe lop of.意为“在.顶端例:When you reach the top of the hill,turn right.当你到达山顶时，向右转。The colourful bird is singing at the top of the tree.这只五颜六色的鸟正站在树顶鸣叫。很多情况下，top表示抽象意义上的“顶端，极端” 例:He is at the top of his class.他是班上最优秀的学生。It belongs to the top secret.它属于绝密.We waited till all the light were on.我们一直等到所有的灯都亮了。lill此处用作连词，意为“直到.为止1川多用来指时间，用于肯定句时，与延 续性动词连用相当于until,两者经常可换用，只是unlil比till稍正式，所以在 正式文体中，一般用until,而在口语或非正式文体中则两者都可用。lill多与名 词或较短的从句连用，而较长、较复杂的成分多用until。例：She lived in Tokyo till/ until she died.她在东京一直住到去世。知识拓展till与until用在否定句中，均可表示“在.以前”或“直到才”。例：Tom didn't come back till/until midnight.汤姆直到半夜才回来。The boys won't come home till/until it is dark.男孩儿们不至lj天黑不回家。on副词，意为“在使用中；开着的”。例:Who left all the lights on?是谁把灯都开着的？第7页共9页Unit 3知识点精析.They're eating at a great restaurant right now son.他们现在/不久在一个大饭店里吃饭。right now意为“现在”，同义短语为at the moment,常用于一般现在时或现在进 行时中。例:Are you making your model ship right now?你现在在做轮船模型吗？知识拓展right now还表示“立刻；马上“，同义短语为at once或in no timeo例：Wc have to leave right now, or we'll be late for .我们必须立刻离开，否则我们上学将会迟到。辨析：right now 与 just nowright now意为“现在；立刻；马上”，用于现在时态中just now意为“刚才”，同义短语为a moment ago,常用于一般过去时中例:Just now I told you what we should do, and then let's set off right now.刚才我告诉你们我们应该做什那么就让我们立刻动身吧。1 . Some like to learn about the places they see, some like to take photos of themselves in the places they visit, and some just like to take photos of the interesting things they see.有些人喜欢了解他们见到的地方，有些人喜欢在他们游览的地方给自己拍照， 有些人只喜欢拍他们看到的有趣的东西。本句中，两处they see以及they visit均是定语从句。第一处的they see及they visit修饰前面的名词places；第二处的they see修饰前面的名词things,这三 处都省略了关系代词。用一个句子作定语，这个句子就是定语从句。定语从句要 放在它所修饰的词的后面。例:He is the man met in the library yesterday.他就是我昨天在图书室遇到的那个人。take photos of 意为”给拍照片“，相当于 take pictures ofo take photos 意为“照相;拍照第8页共9页例：I took many photos/pictures of the beautiful flowers.我拍了很多漂亮花卉的照片。第9页共9页