英语语法同义词辨析详解hard,hardly.docx

英语语法同义词辨析详解hard, hardly一、hard形容词、副词。作形容词表示"坚硬、硬的、困难、难的、 艰苦、努力”；作副词表示"努力、使劲、厉害地、紧紧地、猛烈地。 例如：I have to work hard today.我今天得努力工作。She has thought very hard about her further plan.她细/匕思考了女也 未来的计划。It was raining hard outside.夕卜面雨下得彳艮大。Diamonds are the hardest known mineral.钻石是已知的最坚硬的 矿石。It is hard shovelling snow.铲雪是个苦舌JL,二、hardly副词。意思是"几乎不、简直没法、完全不是、很少。 常和can、any、ever等词连用。例如：I can hardly believe it 我简直不相信。I hardly ever go to concerts.我很少去听音乐会。Hardly any of the students did well on the test, so the teacher explained the lesson again.几乎没有学生能做好这个测试,所以教师 又把课程讲解了一遍。happen, occur, take place s happen 不及物动词。意思是"发生、 出现"。指偶然发生的事件，是一个常用词。后面跟动词不定式表示"碰 巧”的意思。例如：You look terrible. What's happened ?你脸色难看。发生了什 么？You'll never guess what's h叩pened!你根本猜不到出了什么事！I don't know how this happened.我不知道这事怎么发生的。He happened to meet his uncle in the airport.他在机场碰巧遇到他 的叔叔。二、occur不及物动词。意思是"发生、出现"。指偶然发生的事件, 是一个正式用语。例如：Police report that the accident occurred at about 9:30 pm.警方 报告说事故发生在晚上九点半左右。When exactly did the incident occur ?这一事件究竟是什么时候发 生的？Something unexpected occurred.发生了一件出乎意料的事。三、take place "发生、举行。相当正式。常用于已计划、安排或 人们积极参与的事情。例如：The festival takes place in October every year.每年十月都举行庆祝 活动。The dance will take place after the graduation exercises.毕业典 礼后就举行舞会。The concert takes place next Friday.下周五举行音乐会。Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.一九七八年以 来，中国发生了巨大的变化。grow , raise一、grow动词。意思是"种（花或庄稼）”。在英国表示"养"用rear （一般指人）和bread （ 一般指动物）。例如：He grows rice in his hometown.他在家乡种水稻。We used to grow beautiful roses.我们过去常常种些漂亮的玫瑰。This looks like good soil for growing wheat.这看起来是种小麦的好地。The mother was very careful in rearing her chiId ren.母亲者B非常细 心地养育自己的孩子。Many farmers bread cows and sheep.许多农场主养牛和羊。二、raise及物动词。意思是"养大、培养、饲养、种植"。在美国既 可表示"养"也可表示"种。例如：They raised a family in that village.在那个村子他们养了一大家。The farmer raised chickens and corn.农场主养了鸡，种了玉米。