2023年上海市高考英语模拟试卷笔试部分（iRead23011）含答案.docx

试卷编号:230112022-2023学年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语模拟试卷Listening comprehension 略I. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It's harder to heal at nightCircadian rhythm, better known as our body clock, is the cycle that keeps us moving on. During a 24-hour cycle it helps (21)(drive) multiple processes in the body, from hormone secretion and sleeping patterns to metabolism. And researchers at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge have discovered that this cycle can affect the healing of wounds such as cuts and bums.Dr John O'Neill, the senior author of the study, said, "This is the first time that the circadian clock within individual skin cells (22) (show) to determine how effectively they respond to injuries.1'The study found that, on average, bums that (23) (occur) at night took 60 per cent longer to heal than bums that happened during the body clock daytime cycle. Nighttime bums (sustained between 8pm and 8am) healed around 28 days (24) of 17 days if a bum was sustained during the day (between 8am and 8pm). The study drew these conclusions after (25) (analyse) data from 118 patient records from all major bums units in England and Wales.The reasoning behind the differences in healing time is due to (26) long it takes for skin cells to move to the site of the wound and begin repairs, a process that occurs more quickly during the daytime. This is driven by increased activity of the proteins within the cell, (27) act like a muscle within the cell.A.The crayfish returned to spending about one-third of their time in the light,B.It is surprising that anti-anxiety drugs designed for human use also work on invertebrates.C.If they did encounter the lit sections, they moved back into the dark in 80 per cent of cases.D.Now there is evidence that this leads to behaviour that resembles anxiety.E.They last shared a common ancestor with us hundreds of millions of years ago.F.Now we're beginning to turn that over and ask if we can say when an animal is happy or cheerful.Crayfish （2、龙虾）appear anxious after moulting （换壳）When a crayfish moults, it becomes temporarily weak. 67 "They worry, they have a fright state that makes them avoid potentially dangerous areas. It's kind of like anxiety," says Pascal Fossat at the University of Bordeaux in France.Fossat and his colleagues collected crayfish near Bordeaux and stored them in individual tanks that were similar to their natural habitat. When the crayfish began to moult, the researchers placed them in an area that had two dark sections and two lit sections, and recorded their behaviour.Over the following two days, the crayfish showed a strong preference for hiding in the dark regions.68 For comparison, when the crayfish weren'tmoulting, they typically spent about 3（） per cent of their time in the light. "They're very weak when they remove the old exoskeleton （壳），and the new one is totally soft until they cat the old one to get back the minerals that make the new cxoskclcton stronger," says Fossat.The team also took crayfish that weren't moulting and injected them with an ecdysteroid 一 a class of hormone that controls moulting. They found that the crayfish exhibited the same aiixiety- like behaviour.To explore whether it was possible to change this behaviour, Fossat and his colleagues took the animals they had treated with the ecdysteroid and injected them with anti-anxiety drugs developed for use in humans. 69 "They didn't have the fright from before/* says Fossat.Fossat suspects crayfish may be capable of other emotions 一 although it is a difficult subject to investigate because crayfish are biologically so different from humans.Robert Elwood at Queen's University Belfast in the UK says he animals may be acting on basic physiological mechanisms that humans have interpreted as feelings. But he says that new research is helping us understand the range of emotions invertebrates （无脊椎动物）may experience."We've spent a lot of time worried about animal welfare, asking whether they are in stress or pain," he says. "70'*Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.The Paper ArchitectFor a long time, Zaha Hadid was known as "the paper architect," someone whose grand designs never left the page to become real buildings. But in recent years her buildings have sprung up like mushrooms all over the world: the Guangzhou Opera House in China, a car factory in Germany, a contemporary art museum in Rome, a transportation museum in Scotland, and the Aquatics Center for the 2012 Olympics in London.Pinning down her individual style is difficult. Certainly Hadid has been influenced by the modem trend in architecture that likes to play with the traditional shape of buildings and fragment （分解）thcm, creating unpredictable angles and surfaces. Working in this way, she and her fellow architects have produced some offAthc-wall, spaceship-likc structures that seem to go against the normal laws of engineering.The idea of offering the viewer multiple perspectives from within the building is a theme that runs through Hadid's work. Her most famous building, MAXXI一a museum for the 21 st century in Rome, is a great example. It is a complex and spectacular structure of interlocking concrete shapes. Inside spaces interconnect Tike winding streets," so that the visitor is surprised and charmed at each turn. The Rosenthal Center in Cincinnati produces a similar effect. Like an extension of the street it sits on, it draws you in, with walkways directing you this way and that, and windows inviting you to sample the view. "It's about promenading/ says Hadid, "being able to pause, to look out, look above, look sideways."So what inspires someone like Hadid to produce such different buildings? She speaks in complimentary terms about the work of her contemporaries. She also cites the natural landscape and organic geological patterns as an influence. But it is not a question that she seems too concerned with and nor perhaps should we be. Hadid is an artist, sharing with us her vision of what buildings should be like and always, as she does so, trying to keep human interests 一 our interests as users and viewers-at heart.IV. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .这些路边咖啡店都有各自的回头客。(own).在他看来，任何有助于沪语推广的努力都是值得去做的。(effort)73 .小朋友每周跟着学校老师的要求完成阅读作业，我也想起了我以前的暑假作 业来。(remind).要缓解大城市停车难的问题，除了增加停车位的供给之外，也需要通过智能 化手段，提高已有停车位的使用效率。(in addition)VI. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校即将举行读书节活动，校英语报因此号召 全校同学推荐一位作家。写一篇短文，内容须包括：2)你推荐这位作家的理由。参考答案II. Grammar and VocabularySection A21. (to) drive 22. has been shown. 23. occurred. 24. later. 25. analysing26. how 27. which 28. damaged 29. when/if 30. between31. B 32. K 33. D 34. E 35. A 36. I37. G 38. C 39. J 40. FIII. Reading Comprehension Section A41. B42. A43. B44. B；45. A46. C47. D48. A49. D50. D51.C52. D53. C54. C55. ASection B56. B57. D58. C59. C60. A61.B62. A63. B64. A65. C66. ASection C67. D68. C69. A70. FIV. Summary WritingRecent years have seen an increasing number of Zaha Hadid's buildings globally. By breaking down traditional building shapes to produce seemingly impossible structures, Hadid has formed her own style. She hopes people inside her works can appreciate them from different angles. As an artist, she wants people to know more buildings, which is why she has produced such distinct works.V. TranslationThese roadside coffee shops have their own regular customers.72. In his opinion, any effort to promote the Shanghai dialect is worth making.73. The children complete their reading assignment every week as required by their teacher, which reminds me of my summer homework.74. In order to solve the parking problem in large cities, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of existing parking spaces through intelligent means in addition to providing more spaces.In a statement, Dr Ned Hoyle, the lead author of the study, said, "We've shown that the dailycycles in our body clock control how well cells can repair (28)(damage) tissue by affecting an essential protein called actin. Efficient repair of our skin is critical to preventing infection, and (29)healing goes wrong, wounds need more time to heal. Further research into the link (30) body clocks and wound healing may help us to develop drugs that promote wound healing.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. achieved B. applicant-tracking C. descriptive D. eliminate E. extentF. high-energy G. match H. missions I. outcomes J. quantifiable K. screenOutsmarting the Robots Q: Regarding your column on trying to get your resume past the robots, I'm a 59-year-old sales professional looking for a job. I suspect I'm getting bounced because I'm showing 20-plus years of experience. How should I be describing my experience to get past these 31 systems?C.P.A: These systems typically 32 applicants based partly on theireducation level, titles held on past jobs and consistency (一致性)of work history. Job-search coaches often recommend leaving out dates more than 20 years in the past. Also,33 the names of past employers that are out of business. Replacethem with a general description of the kind and 34 of the experience yougained there, such as sales management, and mention titles held and results35 in those roles. Place special emphasis on quantifying such 36 as sales or market-share growth or customers gained.Try to apply only for openings that are truly a good 37, then tailoryour application and cover letter by selecting the same keywords and 38terms used by the employer in the job posting. Emphasize your most recent roles. If you've been out of work for a while, consider acquiring some new qualifications through training, or putting your sales skills to work for a nonprofit organization in a role that will enable you to show 39 results. Employers will be lookingfor an active,40 applicant who is ready for a fast start.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Many people I know (including members of my family) feel exercise is a time-consuming9 unpleasant activity. The need to change into other clothes, to frequently take a block of time out of busy lives, and to get dirty and exhausted: they find it all 41. But I've always 42 the hard work and even thesatisfaction of earning the next day's sore muscles. And I had a slight sense of pride in knowing not only that I was helping the biological machinery that promotes health but also that I got a nice side 43 of being able to eat cookies because I'dburned extra calories.44 Or, at least, not entirely right. As science shows over and overagain, our intuitive ideas of how things work often don't 45 in the face ofdata and careful analysis. The benefits of exercise are a case in point. In this issue's cover story, t4The Exercise Paradox/ scientist Herman Pontzer describes a surprising and fascinating result of evolution: humans bum about the same number of calories regardless of 46 level. And compared with other animals, we use a lot ofcalories. In addition to 47 our common sense, the findings provide furtherinsights about why our kind has been so extraordinarily successful, becoming the48 force on the planet. By the way, to be clear, we should all 49 . Regularactivity does help our inner engines run right, and it has some benefits in elevating mood and improving cognition (认知).But enabling weight loss regardless of diet? Not so much.The knowledge that we have had the capability to rule over our own world has 50 the idea that we would someday also come to live on other planets.To be sure, that 51 encompasses healthy amounts of romanticism, a senseof adventure and even concerns about having sufficient options to ensure our species5 long-term survival. 52 the "easy" problems of longer space journeys include escaping Earth's gravity with rockets, building airtight ships with enough air to breathe, and carrying huge amounts food and water. A much harder 53is one that Hollywood never told you about: the damage to the brain done by cosmic radiation (宇宙射线)，which neuroscientist Charles L. Li mol i describes in "Deep-Space Deal Breaker." Will it prove to be the barrier to our 54"thefinal frontierA? One thing is certain: the human ambition means we won't55trying.41.A. amusingB.unappealingC.convincingD.shocking42.A. enjoyedB. mindedC.reflectedD. forgot43.A. obstacleB.benefitC. impactD.view44.A. WonderfulB. WrongC.PointlessD.Right45.A. stand upB.take offC.end upD.lurn off46.A. serviceB. incomeC.activityD.demand47.A. underratingB.over-impressingC.under-training0.overturning48.A. dominantB.singularC.culturalD.declining49.A. celebrateB.returnC.rememberD.exercise50.A. rejectedB.consideredC.questionedD.inspired51.A. rulingB.survivalC.knowledgeD.shift52.A. BesidesB.OtherwiseC.SimilarlyD.Unfortunately53.A. routineB. versionC.challengeD.option54.A. demandingB. measuringC.conqueringD.recognising55.A. stopB.ad viseC.deserveD.keepSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there arc four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Cartoons suit the way wc like information to be presented these days: graphically and in small amounts. We are used to cartoons and comic strips that take an ironic look at modem life or provide a bit of escapism. But recently we have seen an increase in the number of graphic novels: booklength comics with a single, continuous nanative. Historically, graphic novels were not popular outside France, Belgium, Japan, and the US. The exception is the worldwide popularity of a young reporter-detective from Belgium, Tintin.The creation of the Belgian cartoonist Herge, The Adventures of Tintin first appeared in a Belgian newspaper in 1929. Each story appeared as a c