UNIT33.3GRAMMAR-【教材解读】牛津深圳版英语七年级上册.docx

Grammar英汉对译Grammar语法（教材第35页）A Countable and uncountable nouns 可数与不可数名词In English, we can count some things, e. g. rivers and mountains. We cannot count otherthings» e. g. water and air.在英语中，有些东西我们可以数，例如，河流和山脉。有些东西不可以数，例如，水和空气。Countable nouns 可数名词Uncountable nouns 不可数名词one animal, two animals一只动物，两只动物some rubbish 一些垃圾1 have a world map at home.我家里有一幅世界地图。There is an article about the Earth.有一篇关于地球的文章。All plants need fight and water. 所有的植物都需要光和水？This plant is beautiful.这株植物很漂亮。These animals are dangerous.这些动物很危 险。Air has no smell.空气没有气味。Water is important.水是重要的。no意为“没有”,修饰名词(见要点详解1)Work out the rule 找出规律, (|Countable|/Uncountable)nouns can have plurals.可数名词有复数。, We can use a or an before(|countable| / uncour)table)nouns.我们可以在可数名词前使用a或者an：, Uncountable nouns only take (|singular|/ plural)verbs.不可数名词只搭配单数动词。Al Read the sentences below and decide whether the nouns in italics are countableor uncountable. Write the words in the correct columns.读下面的句子然后判断斜体名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。在正确的栏中写出这些单词。1 There is grass in a forest.森林里有草。2 Do not throw rubbish into the river.不要把垃圾扔进河里。3 The air is flesh in the mountains.山里的空气很清新。4 The flowers are beautiful. Let me take a photo.这些花很漂亮。让我拍一张照片吧。5 We should drink water every day. Here is a glassfor you.我们每天都应该喝水。给你一杯水。Countable可数的Uncountable不可数的forest森林grassriverrubbishmountainairflowerwaterphotoglassthrow.into.JE扔进A2 In pairs,ask and answer questions about each photo. Follow the example. 两人一组.根据图片.进行一问一答。仿照倒子。1 bottle / milk瓶子/牛奶2 box / egg盒子/鸡蛋3 bowl / rice碗/米饭4 glass / water 杯子 /水 5 bag / apple 袋子 / 苹果 6 cup / coffee 杯子 / 咖啡SI： What' s this? SI： What are these?学生1：这个是什么？ 学生1：这些是什么？S2： It' s a bottle. S2： They' re boxes.学生2：这是一个瓶子。学生2：这是一些盒子。SI： What' s inside it? SI： What' s inside them?学生1：这里面是什么？学生L这些里面是什么？S2： Some milk. S2： Some eggs.学生2： 一些牛奶。学生2： 一些鸡蛋。B Using there is / are使用 there is / areWe often use there is.or there are.to say that something exists somewhere. 我们经常用there is或者there are来表达某地存在某物。There be句型表示人或物的存在。There isa beautiful world under the water.水下有一个漂亮的世界。a lot of pollution on Earth.地球上有很多污染。Is there any water in the glass?玻璃杯里有水 吗？Yes, there is.是的，有。No, there isn, t.不,没有。There are different plants and animals on Earth.地球上有不同的植物和动物。Are there five apples in the bag? 袋子里有5个苹果吗？Yes, there are.是的，有。No, there aren* t.不，没有。常见的There be形式如F：肯定式：There is / are,否定式：Thereis/arenot-,疑问式：Is / Are there-?Work out the rule, We usethere is with a singular noun or an uncountable noun.我们用there is与单数名词或不可数名词连用。, Weusetherearewith apluralnoun.我们用 there are 与复数名词连用。Things to remember需要记住的事情 there is=there * s there is 等于 there' sthere is not=there isn' t there is not 等于 there isn' tthere are not-there aren * t there are not 等于 there aren' t, Note the difference below 注意区别如下：There is a glass of water and three apples on the table.桌子上有一杯水和三个苹果。There are three apples and a glass of water on the table.桌子上有三个苹果和一杯水。There be句型在使用时，谓语动词的单复数常遵循就近原则。Jane is asking Danny about what they can do to he / p protect the seo. Completetheirconversation with thereis(not), isthere,thereareorarethere.简在问丹尼关于他们"J以做些什么来保护海洋。用there is(not). is there, thereare或are there 完成他们的对话，Jane： (1)There is pollution in the sea. What can we do to help protect' the sea?简：海洋里有污染。为了帮助保护海洋，我们可以做些什么？Danny： (2)There are many things we can do. We can have a beach clean-up day. Yousee, (3)there are always many bottles on the beaches. They pollute the sea.丹尼：有很多我们可以做的事情。我们可以成立一个海滩清洁日。你知道的，海滩上总是有 很多瓶子。它们污染海洋。Jane： That, s a good ideaiWhat else can we do?简：好主意!我们还能做别的什么吗？Danny： We canaskpeoplenotto eat sharkfin soup. <4>lsthere a seafood restaurantnearyour home? 丹尼：我们可以呼吁人们不要喝鱼翅汤。你家附近有海鲜餐馆吗？Jane： No. (5)there isn t. (6)Are there any other things we can do to help?简：不，没有。我们还可以做其他什么事情来帮忙吗？®help(to)do sth.帮助做某事(见要点详解2)else是副词，意为“别的；其他的"，放于who, what等疑问词后。ask sb. not to do sth.请求某人不品做某事(见要点详解3)要点详解1. no【详解】no此处用作限定词，意为“没有”，用来修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。修 饰可数名词单数时，相当于not a/an；修饰复数名词或不可数名词时相当于not any。, I have no sisters. =1 don' t have any sisters. 我没有姐妹。, There is no water here. =There isn' t any water here. 这儿没有水。应用完成句子。凯特想记下一些东西，但她没有纸。Kate wants to write down something but she has.2. help(to)do sth.【详解】help(to)do sth.意为“帮助做某事"。help后可接带to的不定式，也可接不带to 的不定式。, He often helps(to)clean the classroom.他经常帮忙打扫教室。拓展有关help的常见短语help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事help oneselfto请随便用/吃应用 单项选择。()Couldyou helpmethemilkintothe cups?A. put B. puts C. putting D. to puttingask sb. (not) to do sth.Wl ask sb. (not)todosth.意为“要求/请求某人(不要)做某事”。, Our English teacher asks us to read English every day.我们的英语老师要求我们每天读英语。, My parents ask me not to play computer games.我的父母要求我不要玩电脑游戏。拓展有关ask的其他常用短语askfor sth.索要某物ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物ask sb. about sth.询问某人关于某事与ask用法相同的动词或动词短语还有:want, tell, teach, would like。中考链接()(重庆市中考)You should ask Bobhis own clothes. He is ten years old now.A. wash B. washes C. washing D. to wash点拨ask sb. tod。sth.意为“请某人做某事”，故选D。应用单项选择。()David asksmetothefieldwithhim.A. go B. went C. to go D. going单元语法-详解析语法解读一、可数名词.不可数名词【观察】, The Earth is a beautiful place.地球是一个美丽的地方。 There are forests and rivers, mountains and fields.这里有森林、河流、山脉和田野。, Water is important.水是重要的。 I bought 3 apples and a bottle ofmilk yesterday.昨天我买了 3 个苹果和一瓶牛奶。【总结】1 .定义：可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西；不可数名词是 指不能以数来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。2 .区分可数名词和不可数名词(1)可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，而不可数名词无复数形式。 catcats 猫 water 水(2)不定冠词、基数词可直接修饰可数名词，表示数量；而不可数名词在表示数量 时则需要借助于计量单位名词。, an apple 一个苹果two photos两张照片a piece ofbread 一片面包 four cups ofmilk 四杯牛奶(3)可数名词复数前可用many,some, any,few,a few等修饰；不可数名词前可用much, some> anyjittle, a little 等修饰。, manytrees 许多树 some books 一些书much money 许多钱 some juice 一些果汁(4)提问可数名词的数量用how many,提问不可数名词的量用how mucho, How many bananas do you want?你想要多少香蕉？, How much yogurt do we need?我们需要多少酸奶？3.可数名词的复数(1)名词复数形式的规则变化【点拨】类别构成方法例词一般情况加sbook-books coat-coats boyboys bedbeds以s,x, sh, ch等结尾的词加-esclass-classes box-boxesdish-dishes watch-watches以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i,再加-esbabybabies citycities factory-factories以f(e)结尾的词变f(e)为v,再加-esknife-knives halfhalves wifewives lifelives以-o结尾的可数名词变复数加-es的有：英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)和西虹柿(tomato)。名词复数形式的不规则变化4.不可数名词量的表达变a为eman-men woman-women Frenchman-Frenchmen变oo为eefootfeet tooth-teeth在词尾加-(ijenchild-children ox-oxen（公牛）其他特殊变化mouse-mice有些名词的单数和更数相同sheep, deer,police, Chinese, Japanese. Swiss（瑞士人）a / an+计量单位名词+of+不可数名词a bag of rice 一袋大米 a drop of rain 一滴雨 a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡基数词+计量单位名词+of+不 可数名词two pieces of paper 两张纸 three bottles of orange三瓶橙汁eight baskets of fruit八筐水果二、There be 句型【观察】, There are many different plants.这里有很多不同的植物。, There are different kinds ofanimals on Earth too.地球上还有不同种类的动物。, There are also many people like you and me on Earth.地球上还有很多像你我这样的人。, Today,there is a lot ofpollution.如今，(地球上)有很多污染。Tips：there be句型与have的区分所指关系不同there be指客观存在，表示某处有某人/某物:have指所属关系，表示“某人/某物有某物”。,句中位置不同there be放在句首：have放在句中。结构不同there be连接两个主语时遵循“就近原则”：have的单复数遵循“主诣一致【总结】L There be句型表示“某地有某物或某人”。2. Therebe句型的句式结构：句式结构示例H定式There is / are+ 某物/某人+地点状语.There is a cat on the table.桌子上有只猫。There are many shirts in theclothes shop.这家服装店里有很多衬衫。否定式There isn' t / aren* t+ 某物/某人+地点状语.There isn ' t a light in this room.这个房间里没有一盏灯。There aren* t any basketballs in this classroom. 这间教室里没有篮球。一般疑 问句式Is / Are there+某物/某人+地点状语？肯定回答:Yes. there is / are. 否定回答:No. there isn' t / aren, t.Is there a restaurant near here?这附近有餐馆吗？一Yes, there is. /No, there isn' t.是的，有e /不，没有。【注意】There be句型中的be动词的形式由其后的主语决定，若主语为可数名词单数或 不可数名词，则用is；若主语为可数名词复数，则用are。, There is some water in the glass.玻璃杯里有此水。当句子的主语由几个并列的名词（短语）构成时，be动词的单兔数由第一个名词 决定，即“就近原则”。, There is a lamp, a clock and some books on the desk.书桌上有一盏台灯、一个闹钟和一些书。当原肯定句中有some（ 一些），变为一般疑问句时some要变为any。, There are some students in the playground.操场上有一些学生。, Are there any students in the playground?操场上有任何学生吗？中考真题（）1.（娄底市中考）一would you like somefor dinner?OK.A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes（）2.（德阳市中考）一Wlouldyoulike some?一Oh, yes, just a little.A. rice B. carrots C. eggs D. bananas（）3.（常德市中考）一Are there any restaurants near here?一Yes, onenexttothepostoffice.A. there be B. there is C. there are（）4.（重庆市中考）Therelots of sheep and pigs on my uncle' s farm now.A. was B. were C. isD. are（）5. （J东省中考）The brokenmay cut into your hand ifyou touch it, you should be careful.A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles点拨1. tomato为可数名词，复数形式为tomatoes。句意：“晚饭你想吃些西红柿吗？ ”“好 故选Csome后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，根据答语中a little可知，空缺处应是不可数名词。 故选Ao2. 表示“存在；有”应用there be句型，根据答语中的one可知应用there is。故选B。3. There be句型中的be动词后有几个名词作并列主语时，应遵循“就近原则”，lots of she即 表达复数意义，且由时间状语now可知表示现在的状态，故应用there are。故选D。4. 句意：“如果你触摸那个破碎的玻璃，它可能会划伤你的手。你应该小心J glass作可数 名词时。意为“玻璃杯”；作不可数名词，意为“玻璃”。结合句意及句中的指示代词“it”， 故选Ao参考答案Grammar要点详解no paper1. AC