2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语领航卷(一)(含答案解析).docx
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语领航卷(一)学校:姓名:班级:考号:一、阅读理解Football: Designing the Beautiful GameWhether you are a crazy fan or sideline supporter, visitors to this exhibition will enjoy discovering the remarkable design stories behind the world's beautiful game.What to expectThe exhibition explores the story behind football, showing how design has been used to push the game to new limits. Take a journey through over 500 objects, films and interviews in sporting performance, equipment development and stadium design, and involve yourself in the stories of clubs and game legends(传奇人物)including Messi, Pele, George Best and Diego Maradona.Held by (he Design Museum and the National Football Museum in Manchester, the show reveals the master planning of the world's most significant football stadiums, the design innovation used in today's equipment, how the graphic design of team badges(徽章)and posters shapes a club's identity and how grassroots' efforts are pushing the sport's commercialization.Ticket informationOnline booking is advised but tickets will also be available in the booking office. Last entry to the exhibition is 90 minutes before the museum closes.派 Adult tickets are charged from £ 16 and student tickets from £ 12. Meanwhile, you can save 25% on family and group tickets.Present your exhibition entiy ticket fbr 10% off food and drink at London Grade Coffee on the ground floor.1. What can visitors do at the exhibition?A. Design a team badge.B. Interview master designers.C. Put on football equipment.D. Learn about famous football players.2. How much should a couple with their 11 -year-old son pay at least fbr admission?A. £33.B. £36.C. £44.D. £48.3. What will visitors enjoy with the ticket?A. A special discount on goods at a cafe.B. A photo of a significant football stadium.A few weeks later, Parisa received a package from the kids magazine.参考答案:1. D 2. A 3. A【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国伦敦设计博物馆和国家足球博物馆举办的一 场展出一“足球:设计美丽的运动”。1 .细节理解题。根据“What to expect”部分中的“Take a journey through over 500 objects, films and interviews in sporting performance, equipment development and stadium design, and involve yourself in the stories of chibs and game legends including Messi, Pele, George Best and Diego Maradona.(通过500多件物品、电影和体育表演、设备开发和体育场设计的采访,让自己 沉浸在俱乐部和比赛传奇传奇人物的故事中,包括梅西、贝利、乔治贝斯特和迭戈马拉多 纳。)''可知,参观者在展览会上可以了解到包括梅西、贝利、乔治贝斯特和迭戈马拉多纳 在内的足坛人物的故事。故选D项。2 .细节理解题。根据“Ticket information”部分中的“Adult tickets are charged from £ 16 and student tickets from £ 12. Meanwhile, you can save 25% on family and group tickets4成人票 16 英镑起,学生票12英镑起。同时,你可以节省25%的家庭和团体票。厂可知,家庭团体票 可以享受七五折优惠。因此一对夫妻(2名成年人)和一名11岁儿子(1名学生)至少应支 付的费用为(16x2+12)x0.75=33(英镑)。故选A项。3 .细节理解题。根据“Ticket infbrmaliorT部分中的“Present your exhibilion entry ticket for 10% off food and drink al London Grade Coffee on the ground floor.(出示参展门票,可在一楼的伦 敦高级咖啡享受9折餐饮优惠户可知,参观者在一楼咖啡厅购买食物和饮料时凭门票可享 受折扣优惠。故选A项。4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了为了给国际扶轮社筹集资金以应对小儿麻痹症, Kunie Adeyanju成功完成了从伦敦到拉各斯的摩托车骑行。5. 细节埋解题。根据第一段最后一句话“He started the impressive journey to raise funds for Rotary International to deal with polio(小儿麻痹症)in his native Nigeria.(他开始 T令人印象深 刻的旅程,为国际扶轮社筹集资金,以应对家乡尼日利亚的小儿麻痹症)”可知,Adeyanju进 行为期41天的旅行是为了给国际扶轮社筹集资金以应对小儿麻痹症。故选B。6. 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句话“Adeyanju, called “Lion Hcart, by fans, won popularityamong the public by posting daily pictures with comments about his journey on social media.(被 粉丝称为“狮子心”的阿德扬朱,通过在社交媒体上发布每日照片和评论,赢得了公众的喜爱)” 可知,Adeyanju每天都在社交媒体上发布旅行照片和评论,从而赢得了公众的喜爱。故选C。7. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句话“"Mauritania, a country in northwest Africa, was ” 'terrible', ''he said, after he got robbed of hundreds of euros. "The worst experience,he added.。毛里塔尼亚,一个位于非洲西北部的国家,在被抢劫了数百欧元后,他说,“太可怕 了。”他补充道,“这是最糟糕的经历。可知,Adeyanju的钱在毛里塔尼亚被抢了,这让 他觉得在那里的经历很糟糕。故选B。8. 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,为了给国际扶轮社筹集资金以应对小儿麻痹症, Adeyanju进行了为期41天的骑行,由此可知,他是一个关心他人、乐于助人的人。在骑行 中虽然遇到了一些困难,但他没有放弃。由此可推知,他是一个意志坚定的人。故选A。9. B 9. A 10. D 11. C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。行为生态学家Connie Allen认为大象凭借惊人的记忆力进行远 距离导航,但也有人提出,大象在进行远距离活动时嗅觉尤为重要。为了验证这一观点, Connie Allen和她的同事们开展了研究,证明确实如此。【详解】1.词义猜测题。根据下文“Allen and her colleagues cheeked that idea by testing African elephants' ability to identify a very special smell: the smell of pee (尿).You see, an elephant pees a lot some 12 to 15 gallons a day and that pee can contain a series of chemical signals.(艾伦 和她的同事通过测试非洲象识别一种非常特殊的气味的能力来验证这一想法:尿的气味。你 看,大象尿得很多大约每天12到15加仑这些尿可以包含一系列化学信号。厂以及 这个实验过程可知,Connie Alien和同事们通过测试大象对路边大象尿液的感知能力来进行 研究,最终发现,大象可以利用尿液的气味进行远距离活动,由此可知,嗅觉对大象的远距 离活动尤为重要。画线词olfaction的含义应为“嗅觉”。故选B。2 .推理判断题。根据第三段的“They waited for elephants to pee and, within 20 minutes, went and collected these fresh pee samples.Then they set up cameras on seven paths which the elephants usually walked along.(他们等大象尿尿,20分钟后去收集这些新鲜的尿样本。然后, 他们在大象通常会走的七条道路上设置了摄像机。厂和第四段的“Next, they placed those pee samples along the paths.(接下来,他们将这些尿液样本沿着小路放置。)”可知,研究人员在 答案第2页,共11页野外收集大象尿液样本,在七条大象常走的道路上安装摄像机来观察大象的行为,并把尿液 样本放在路边来了解嗅觉对大象的影响。由此可推知,研究人员是通过野外研究的方式得出 结论的。故选Ao3 .推理判断题。根据最后一段"Based on these results, they hope conservationists might be able to use elephant pee as a decoy (诱饵).If we can trick elephants into thinking other elephants are going this way, maybe we can redirect them away from where they are coining into conflict with humans at (he momenl.(基于这些结果,他们希望环保人上可以用大象的尿液作为诱饵。如果 我们能哄骗大象,让它们以为其他大象正朝这条路走,也许我们就能引导它们离开与人类发 生冲突的地方。户可知,如果人类可以利用大象的尿液作为诱饵骗过大象,引导大象改变行 进方向,就能避免与人类发生冲突。因此推断研究结果的潜在益处是使人类和大象能够和平 共处。故选D。4 .主旨大意题。综观全文,尤其是第三段中的“especially elephants travelling alone, which is an indication, the researchers said, that smells inay serve as signposts along the paihs.(特别是大象独 自旅行,研究人员说,这是一个迹象,气味可能是道路上的路标。)”及第四段中的“And they found that for at least two days, passing elephants trained iheir trunks on the samples, especially samples from mature adults, which is another indication that smells might be an effective navigational signal.(他们发现,在至少两天的时间里,经过的大象用它们的鼻子来训练样 本,特别是来自成年大象的样本,这是另一个迹象,表明气味可能是一种有效的导航信号。)” 可知,本文主要讲述的是行为生态学家Connie Allen和同事们通过研究发现非洲象根据尿液 的气味进行远距离活动。故选C。12 . B 13. C 14. C 15. D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款可以像刚出生的马一样只用一小时就学会 走路的四条腿的机器人。13 .细节理解题。根据文章第一段“designed a half-mctre-high robot called Morti and gave it the ability to teach itself how to walk, rather than to perform a pre-programmed step.(设计了一4、半 米高叫做的Morii机器人,并让它拥有能够教它自己走路的能力,而不是执行预编程的步骤。)'' 可知,Morti的特殊之处在于它可以教会自己走路,故选B。14 .推理判断题。根据文章第二段“"The AI, working like the central nenous system, gives walking instructions for Morti to follow. It then adjusts them based on readings from foot sensors 答案第3页,共11页that signal when the robot falls and loses contact with the ground. Initially, Morti falls down, but after about an hour the AI finds the best way to make it walk," said Ruppert. (Ruppert 说道:'这 个人工智能像中枢神经系统一样,它会给Morti发出行走指令。然后,当Morti摔倒,(脚) 和地面失去接触时,它会根据脚传感器的读数调整指令。一开始,Morti会摔倒,但大约一 个小时后,人工智能找到了使Morii行走的最好方式。D ”可知,本段强调的是Morii学习 走路的过程,故选C。15 .细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Because the AI learns rather than calculating details of each leg's movement in advance, which can use a lot of energy, Morti walks using 42 percent less energy than when it first starts at the end of an hour-long learning process.(因为人工智能学习而 不是预先计算每个腿部运动的细节(这可能会消耗大量的能量),Morti在一个小时的学习过 程结束后,比刚开始走路时少用了 42%的能量。)”可知,人工智能的学习能力减少了 Morti 的能量消耗。故选C。16 .推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Dhireesha Kudithipudi at The University of Texas at San Antonio said that AI robots can often learn a specific task very well but can't readjust when the environment changes and that Morti design, which relies on continually adjusting the robot's movements, may perform better in that regard. (Dhireesha Kudithipudi 表示,人匚智能机器人通 常可以很好地学习项特定任务,但无法在环境变化时重新调整,Morti的设计依赖于不断 调整机器人的运动,因此它在这方面可能会表现得更好。)“可知,Dhireesha Kudithipudi对 Morti应是持肯定的态度的,是支持的,故选D。17 . C 17. G 18. F 19. D 20. B【导语】本文是说明文。本文以美式英语中的airplane和英式英语中的aeroplane在拼写上 的差异为例介绍了英美语言中拼写差异的形成原因。16 .根据空前的"However, if you've ever been on an international flight leaving the United States and going to another English-speaking country like the United Kingdom, you've probably noticed that there are a few differences between the American and British spellings of words with the same meaning(然而,如果你曾经乘坐国际航班离开美国前往另一个英语国家,如英国,你可能会 注意到,具有相同意思的单词在美式和英式拼写中有一些不同)”可知,英美语言中有一些词 意思相同,但是拼写方式却不同。设空处举例说明具有相同意思的单词在美式和英式拼写中 有些不同。C 项:The word "airplane'' happens to be an example("飞机”这个词就是个例子) 答案第4页,共11页合乎题意。故选C。17 .根据上句"Let's look at the root of the phenomenon.(让我们来看看现象的根源)“可知,本 段主要讲的是airplane和aeroplane拼写方式不同的原因。结合空后的“British English has a general tendency to favour spellings and words that remind people of French, but American English, when it has deviaied(背离)from what British English does, often changes into the direction of seeming less French/英式英语一般倾向于喜欢那些让人想起法语的拼写和单词, 但美式英语一旦偏离了英式英语的特点,往往会朝着看起来不那么法式的方向转变)”可知, 空处内容应涉及英式英语与美式英语和其他语言之间的关系。G项:A lot of words in the English language are borrowed from other languages, like Latin. Greek, and French(英语中有很 多单词是从其他语言借来的,比如拉丁语、希腊语和法语)合乎题意。故选G。18 .空处为本段主题句。根据空后“"Aeroplane "is no exception. Wc'rc comfortable with 'aero' in scientific terms, but as planes became more common things to talk about, the 'aero' seemed too fancy, "explains Murphy.(“飞机”也不例外。墨菲解释说:“在科学术语中,aero这个词让我们 感到舒服,但随着飞机成为更常见的话题,aero这个词似乎太花哨了以及"Ten years later, 'airplane' was adopted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics as their term.(十年后, “飞机”被国家航空咨询委员会采用作为他们的术语)”可知,本段主要介绍了 aeroplane与 airplane 在拼写上的差异和科学上的联系。F 项:There's a lot of history that goes beyond words and dives deep into politics, government, and science(有很多历史超越了文字,深入到政治、政 府和科学)概括本段内容,合乎题意。故选F。19 .根据空前“"Aeroplane "is no exception. "We're comfortable with 'aero' in scientific terms, but as planes became more common things to talk about, the 'aero' seemed too fancy, “explains Murphy.(“飞机”也不例外。墨菲解释说:“在科学术语中,aero这个词让我们感到舒服,但随 着飞机成为更常见的话题,aero这个词似乎太花哨了”)“讲到随着飞机的普及,带有aero的 拼写方式似乎太花哨,以及空后“Ten years later, 'airplane, was adopted by the National Advisory Committee for /Xcronautics as their tcnn.(十年后,“飞机”被国家航空杏询委员会采用 作为他们的术语)“故空处应涉及airplane这种拼写方式在美国得到认可。D项:Airplane is a much belter word than aeroplane(Airplane 这个词比 aeroplane 好得多)合乎题意。故选 20.根据空前的"There's a good reason why words that mean the same thing are spelled differently, and why that will continue to happen (意思相同的单词拼写不同,而且这种情况会继 续发生,这是有原因的)”可知,设空处应是在介绍表示同含义的单词的英式拼写和美式拼 答案第5页,共11页亏不同这种现象持续发生.的原因。B项:Your spelling tells people where you're from(你的拼 写会告诉别人你来自哪里)说明原因是你的拼写会告诉别人你来自哪里,合乎题意。故选B。21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. C32. D 33. B 34. A 35. C【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述了丈夫去世后,作者不得不打理丈夫的 花园。在打理花园的过程中,作者不仅治愈了失去丈夫的伤痛,还对生命有了更深的感悟。 21.考查动词词义辨析。句意:多年前,Randy在我们的院子里种植了很多水仙花。A. spotted 看见,发现;B. raised培育,种植;C. purchased购买:D. removed移走,搬走。根据前文“deciding what to do with his garden”可知,此处指作者丈夫种植了很多水仙花,故选B。22 .考查名词词义辨析。句意:对他而言,水仙花象征着希望,预示着光明和温暖很快会取 代黑暗和寒冷。A. warmth温暖;B. beauty美丽;C. happiness幸福;D. energy力量。根据 空后“would soon replace the dark and cold.“可知,此处指光明和温暖会取代黑暗和寒冷,故选 Ao.考查副词词义辨析。句意:看着它们,我在想Randy是如何精心地挑选这些植物,以 便我们每月都能欣赏它们。A. freely自由地,不受限制地:B. randomly随意地,随机地; C. carefully 精心地,慎重地;D. willingly 愿意地。根据后文"so we'd appreciate them every month”可知,此处指丈夫精心挑选植物,故选C。23 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后我注意到了这些杂草,我需要开始工作了。A. checked 检查;B. pulled 拉;C. remembered 记住;D. noticed 注意到,看到。根据后文“I needed to get to work.“可知,此处指作者看到了杂草,故选D。24 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意:除杂草这项工作很安静,很治愈,这让我意识到,这能让 我感觉离Randy更近。A. determined有决心的;B. aware知道的,意识到的;C. proud骄傲 的,自豪的;D. satisfied满意的。根据前文“The work was quiet and comfbrting”可知,此处指 花园里的工作让作者感到很治愈,因此意识到这能让她感觉自己离Randy更近,故选B。25 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当春天变成夏天时,花园里紧急任务的清单越来越短。A. clearer更清晰易懂的;B. shorter更短的;C. neater更有条理的,更有序的;D. fuller更满 的。根据前文“As spring turned to summer”可知,此处指随着时间的推移,作者完成了一此任 务,的花园紧急任务清单越来越短了,故选B。26 .考查名词词义辨析。句意:这让我感觉很好,很有成就感。A. purpose目标;B. responsibility 责任;C. achievement 成就:D. security 安全。根据前文“As spring turned to summer, my list of urgent garden tasks got 6. It made me feel good J可知,此处指在作者的努力下,她的花园紧急任务清单越来越短了,因此作者很有成就感,故选C。27 .考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:渐渐地,我感觉治愈的种子在作者心中开始生根发芽。 A. have control of 控制,支配;B. make room for 为 腾地方;C. keep pace with 与 步 调一致;D. take root in 扎根于,植根于。根据空前“Il made me 能el good, this sense of7.”可知,此处指治愈的种子在作者心中开始生根发芽,故选D。29 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:想到Randy时,我的思绪不再那么集中在失去他的悲伤上 了。A. focused关注,集中于;B. counted指望,数;C. acted行事;D. based基于。根据空 后“less on the sadness of my life without him.”可知,此处指作者的思绪不再那么集中在失去他 的悲伤上了,故选A。30 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:我注意到自己笑得更多了。A. progressed进步,改进;B. worked 工作,起作用;C. considered仔细考虑,细想;D. laughed笑。根据前文“Gradually, I回I ihe seeds of healing (治愈)began lo 8 my heart. My thoughts of Randy 9 less on the sadness of my life without him.“可知,作者治愈了很多,因此也就笑得更多了,故选D。31 .考查名词词义辨析。句意:当夏天变成秋天时,我的注意力也放在了将花园整理好.上面。 A. interest 兴趣;B. heart 心;C. attention 注意力;D. back 背部。根据空后“putting the garden to bed”可知,此处指随着季节的变化,作者的注意力也发生了转移,故选C。32 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:尽管秋冬季节的花园似乎没有收获,但我知道,它蕴藏着干 富的生命。A. changes改变;B. presents展示,呈现;C. expects期待;D. hold包含,蕴藏。 根据前文“While in fall and winter garden seems unproductive”可知,此处与上文形成对比,指 作者知道花园里蕴藏着丰富的生命,故选D。33 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意:春夏的郁郁葱葱可能已经不复存在了,但是在土壤深处, 每一种生物下都沉睡着将再次绽放出美丽花朵的种子。A. obvious明显的:B. gone不更存在 的,消失的;C. alive 活着的;D. great 伟大的。根据前文“While a fall and winter garden seems unproductive”可知,此处指春季和夏季的郁郁葱葱可能不复存在了,消失了,故选B。34 .考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. rest沉睡,休息;B. spread传播;C. stand站立;D. survive 存活,幸免于。根据后文“the seeds of what is ready to 15again.”并结合常识可知,此处指是在土壤深处,每种生物的根部都沉睡着即将绽放出美丽花朵的种子,故选A。35 .考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. arise出现;B. exist存在;C. flower开花;D. mature 成熟,长成。根据前文“so we'd appreciate them every month.“可知,作者他们每个月都能欣 赏到水仙,故此处指沉睡着即将开花的种子,故选C。36 . to promote 37. Since 38. wasdocumented 39. but 40. wider 41. aiming 42. caught 43. traditional 44. to 45.cooperation【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界太极和气功日的历史和发展。36 .考查非谓语动词。句意:4月的最后一个周六是世界太极和气功日,这是为了在全世界 推广太极和气功而组织的一年一度的活动。空处在此作目的状语,应用不定式。故填topromote o37 .考查时间状语从句。句意:从1999年开始,该活动见证了 80多个国家的人们参加其庆 祝活动。空处引导时间状语从句,结合句意表示“自从“用since。故填Since。38 .考查时态和语态。句意:太极拳作为实用传统的第一个形式是在17世纪的中国北方, 但是最为广泛认可的形式是杨露禅在19世纪传播的“杨式”太极。根据句中的时间状语in the 17th century可知,此处陈述发生在过去的事情,空处谓语应用般过去时;document与句 子主语The first form of Tai Chi之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填was documented c.考查连词。句意:太极拳作为实用传统的第一个形式是在17世纪的中国北方,但是最 为广泛认可的形式是杨露禅在19世纪传播的“杨式”太极。根据句意可知,前后句之前存在 转折关系。故填but。39 .考查形容词比较级。句意:在20世纪,太极的各种招式被标准化,使它获得了更广泛 的认可。此处与上文中的the most widely recognized. in the 19th century形成对比,应用所给 形容词的比较级形式。故填wider。40 .考查非谓语动词。句意:世界太极和气功口的灵感源自1998年在密苏里州的堪萨斯市 举行的活动,当地的太极俱乐部在那里举办了一场公开展览以传播中国武术。分析句子可知, 句子已有谓语动held,所以空处应填非谓语动词,且aim与exhibition之间是逻辑上的主谓 关系,应用现在分词aiming,表主动。故填aiming。41 .考查时态。句意:渐渐地,这项活动引起了人们的兴趣,从美国其他城市开始,最终在 1999年蔓延到全世界。根据语境可知,此处陈述发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时,所 有空处谓语动词应填caught, catch sb.'s interest为固定搭配,表示“引起某人的兴趣“。故填 caughto.考查形容词。句意:如今该活动的目的是让世人了解这两种艺术在医学和精神上的好处, 以及将传统的中国思想纳入健康、教育等方面的好处。空处在句中作定语修饰名词短语 Chinese ideas,应用形容词 traditional,表示“传统的"。故填 traditional。42 .考查介词。句意:通过从教育研讨会到展览等各种活动来教授这些知识。空处涉及固定 句型range from sth. to slh.表示“从到之间范围内波动/变化"。故填10。43 .考查名词。句意:通过这样做,该活动有助于促进超越地缘政治边界的合作。空处在句 中作encourage的宾语,应填名词cooperation,表示“合作故填cooperation。44 . Dear Mike,Learning you're going to sign up fbr the short video competition on the theme of Amazing ChinaJ'm writing to share my ideas with you.If I were you, I would not hesitate to shoot a short video about China's smart agriculture.Nowad