公共管理导论双语教学大纲.docx

公共管理导论双语教学大纲目录一、课程性质(1)二、教学目的和要求(1)三、教学内容 (2-20)Chapter 1 An Era of Change(1)Ch叩ter 2The traditional Model of Public Administration(2)Public management(3)The Role of Government(6)Public Enterprise(9)Public Policy and Policy Analysis(11)Strategic Management(13)Personnel and Performance Management(14)Financial Management(16)Chapter 3 E-government(17)Managing External Constituencies (18)四、教学课时分配(20)五、参考书目(20)5.Phases of government interventionThe laissez-faire society(1)Adam Smith and The Wealth of Nations(2)Conditions about the role of governmentThe rise of the welfare stateMeaning of welfare stateBeginning: GermanyDevelopmentNeoclassisismFour aspects to this theory(1 )The assumption of individual rationalily;(2)The elaboration of models from this assumption;(3)A maximum role for market forces;(4)A minimum role for government.Government makes a comeback?(1 )From Reagan, Thatcher to Clinton, Major or Blair.(2)some indications of a return to government: the World Trade Centre in New York in 2001 (4911 *);the energy company Enron.(3)the role of government has waxed and waned over the past 250 years in Western societies.6.Basic functions of governmentViews of the World Bank in 1997Four aspectsAnderson's view(l)providing economic infrastructure(2)provision of various collective goods and services(3)the resolution and adjustment of group conflicts(4)the maintenance of competition(5)prolection of natural resources(6)minimum access by individuals to the goods and services of the economy(7)stabilization of the economy7.The size of government debateBeginning: in the mid-1970Although the size of government does vary,. as a wholeThere is no optimal level fbr the size of government or of what government do.The most common measure of government size is to look at the totalk amount of government outlays.Understand Table 4.1 and Table 4.2S.ConclusionAn array of changeThe question of size needs to become a question of what government does.Public managers need to understand their place.Chapter 5 Public Enterprise【教学目的与要求】通过对公共企业的内涵、公共企业存在的合理性等相关知识的学习，让学生 能够较好地理解公共企业，并能运用所学知识，分析公共企业的相关问题。并能 联系中国实际思考当前中国公共企业的相关问题。同时，对相关知识能够用英语 表达。【教学重点与难点】公共企业存在的原因，公共企业的类型，民营化的争论，控制与责任。【教学时数】6学时【教学内容】l.IntroductionHistory of public enterpriseThe first target of those aiming to reduce the size of the public sector in the 1980s. Public enterprises always had particular management problems.Public enterprises are a noteworthy part of the public sector.2 .Reasons for establishing public enterpriseFour reasons for the existence of public enterprise of Rees:to 'correct' market failure.to alter the structure of pay-offs in an economy.to facilitate centralized long-term economic planning.to change the nature of the economy, from capitalist to socialist.Analysis.Kinds of public enterpriseMeaning of a public enterpriseKinds(1 )public utilities(2)land transport and postal service(3)enterprise in competitive environments(4)rcgulatory authorities3 .The privatization debateThe main argumentsFirst, economic argument;Secondly, arguments about management and efficiency;Thirdly, ideological conceptions of what the role of government in society should be.Economic arguments for privatization(1 )contents: reducing taxes by using the proceeds from sale; exposing activities to market forces and competition; and reducing both government spending and government's share of the economic cake. In addition, there should be reductions in the Public Sector Borrowing Requirement locally and overseas.(2)about stimulating competition.(3)about preventing monopoly, conditions in some countries, such as Britain(4)about reduce cross-subsidies.Managerial efficiency and privatization(1 )The efficiency argument for privatization is inherently superior to public management.(2)systematic evidence is limited.(3) Millward and Parker studyIdeological arguments(1 )Privatization is part of the more general debate about the respective merits of market and non-market systems of resource allocation.(2)it is clear that economic benefits would only be certain to arise from selling enterprises in competitive environments.(3)the debate has now been won by Ihose in favor of privatization.5 . Control and accountabilityPublic enterprises are usually set up as statutory authorities.A mutually satisfactory accountability system for both government and the enterprise.The questions of privatization and accountability arc linked.Government control and managerial freedom.Conclusion: the future of public enterpriseTwo options for the future: the first is to improve the sector; the second is that whatever is done, public enterprise is still just that, public and enterprise and from this inherent conflict.Chapter 6 Public Policy and Policy Analysis【教学目的与要求】理解公共政策的定义，明确公共政策研究的两种思路以及公共政策制定的基 本过程，并用英语表达。【教学重点与难点】公共政策的过程模式，政策分析方法存在的局限性，政治性公共政策与政策 分析两种方法的异同。【教学时数】6学时【教学内容】l.IntroductionPublic policy is yet another way of studying and charactering the interaction between government and its clients, while policy research or policy analysis are other terms for much the same thing.2 .Public policy, administration and managementFirst, public policy is the output of government. Secondly,the process is described as being diffuse; the formulation of public policy is an elusive process. Thirdly, public policy-making does not occur in a vacuum, there are constraints of organization, institutions, interest groups and even 'societal and cultural influences'.Public policy is different from the traditional model of public administration in that it recognizes that there are political processes within the administration leading to policy. It is, therefore, more 'politicaP than public administration.The relationship between managerialism and public policy is not as simple as one superseding the other. Public management uses empirical models, but these arc usually those of economics. The policy analysis approach may use economics as only one of the many possible methodologies, most of which are inductive, whereas economics is deductive.3 .Policy analysisPublic policy began with the systematic analysis of data for governmental purposes, from 1930s to 1960s. More occurred after 1960 with the implementation of large-scale government programmes. Only from 1980 that Putt and Springer see what they tenn a 4third stage?in which policy analysis is perceived as 'facilitating policy decisions, not displacing thcm,.4 .EmpiricaI methodsSome of the empirical methods used in policy analysis include: l)bcnefit-cost analysis; 2)decision theory; 3)optimum-level analysis; 4)allocation theory;5)time-optimization models.5 .Policy process modelsStep 1: Verify, define and detail the problem.Step 2: Establish evaluation criteria.Step 3: Identify alternative policies.Step 4: Evaluate alternative policies.Step 5: Display and select among alternative policies.Step 6: Monitor policy outcomes.6 .Limitations of the policy analysis approachQuantitative methodsSeparate public policy disciplineOveremphasis on decisionsNot used, or used lessThe rational modelA faculty model of scienceUndemocratic.PoliticaI public policyThe main difference between the two public policy perspectives is the role given to the political process. Policy analysis looks for one best answer from a set of alternatives and has a battery of statistical weapons at its disposal to do so. Political public policy sees information in an advocacy role; that is, it realizes that cogent cases will be made from many perspectives which then feed into the political process.Chapter 7 Strategic Management【教学目的与要求】理解战略的含义，明确战略在公共管理中的地位与作用，了解战略的制定过 程，并用英语表达。【教学重点与难点】公共部门的战略管理与私营部门战略管理之间的区别，战略计划的模式。【教学时数】6学时【教学内容】l.IntroductionThe traditional model of public administration required little conception of strategy; serious forward planning was either not carried out or carried out in rather limited ways. If public managers are to be responsible for results there needs to be thought given to how they can aggregate into the overall purpose or mission of the organization. Therefore, a key part of the managerial programme is to determine overall strategy and set objectives, not just by governments, but by the agency and its various parts.2.Strategy in the private sector'Strategy 'is a term deriving from the military; it refers to the objective of winning the war, as opposed to 'tactics'-the lower-level objective of winning a particular battle.The first kind of strategic planning is business strategic planning.The second form of strategic planning is corporate strategic planning.The third is "strategic managemcnt3.Strategy in the public sectorThere are more problems and constraints compared to the private sector and these range from constitutional arrangements to legislative and judicial mandates, to government-wide rules and regulations, to jurisdictional boundaries, to scarce resources, to political climate factors, to client and constituent interests.4.Strategic planning modelsInitiating and agreeing on a strategic planning process;Identifying organization mandates;Clarifying organization mission and values;Assessing the external environment(opportunities and threats);Assessing the internal environment(strenglhs and weaknesses);Identifying the strategic issues facing an organization;Establishing an effective organization vision for the future.S.Strategic managementThe strategic management planImplementationThe biggest implementation problem will be in convincing staff that a strategic focus is useful, and that the changes to follow will be beneficial in the long run.6.CriticismThe formal strategic planning process is presented as more logical and analytical than it really is or can be.The formal strategic planning process is too rigid and slow-moving to respond adequately to a rapidly changing, turbulent environment.The formal process works against creativity and innovation.7.ConclusionStrategic planning or management is not something to be done just once. It is the planning process not the plan itself which is important; the use of strategic concepts allow the organization from top management down to develop a shared vision for the future.Chapter 8 Personnel and Performance Management【教学目的与要求】了解公共管理语境下人事管理和绩效管理的含义，及其在公共管理中地位与 作用。【教学重点与难点】人事管理、绩效管理的过程与步骤。【教学时数】6学时【教学内容】l.IntroductionTwo main aspects of internal management will be looked at here: personnel management and performance management. All have seen major changes under the managerial model which attempt to make the organization and its internal management systems achieve results rather more directly than before.2 .Personnel managementThe advantages of traditional personnel administration: it provides a measure of stability for those inside. It was designed to be nonpartisan, while the principles of neutrality and anonymity fitted an administrative or technical view of public service.The problems of traditional personnel administration: unable to cope with rapid change and can and did some self-absorbed and claustrophobic.Reforms to personnel systemsFirst, the personnel function is attempting to become more strategic than administrative in its talks, but within resource constraints structured by the state.Second, management styles are tending to shift towards more rationalist, performance-driven ones, away from paternalist, pluralist ones.Third, employment practices are becoming more flexible and less standardized than in the past.Fourth, employment relations arc becoming 'dualist',withmost non-managerial staff continuing to have their pay and conditions determined through collective bargaining, whilst public managers are increasingly working under personal contracts of employment.Fifth, the state is moving away from being a 'classicaP model employer.3 .Performance managementPerformance indicators, that is, some way of measuring the progress the organization has made towards achieving declared objectives.4.Some problems of the personnel and performance changesPersonnel aiTangementsIt is very difficult for public mangers if they are expected to achieve results while following the same detailed procedures as in the bureaucratic model. Another problem has been the idea of providing incentives by means of extra pay. Finally, it still remains difficult to measure the performance of personnel in the public sector, so that problems of unfairness are not likely to be solved.Performance management problemsThe bottom line measure of financial performance is not a perfect measure of organizational performance. There are problems in the implementation of performance measurement.Problems of morale5.ConclusionEven if three have been problems in setting up new systems, the direction of reform in internal management is quite clear. Comparisons or studies should not look at how well the reforms work in the abstract, but rather how well they compare with what went before. In this regard, all the changes mentioned here are far better than those that existed under the traditional model of administration.Chapter 9 Financial Management【教学目的与要求】通过本章学习，了解政府预算的基本功能，掌握传统公共行政模式和新公共 管理模式下公共部门财政管理的基本特点及其异同，明确财政管理改革的方向。 【教学重点与难点】新公共管理运动中公共部门财政管理改革的基本状况和未来趋势。【教学时数】4学时【教学内容】l.IntroductionFinancial management is the most important part of the internal management of government. Financial management in the traditional model of administration was rather primitive. Reforms to financial management have been one of the keys to overall public management reform. The most important part of financial management is the government budget.2 .The functions of government budget.Economic functions of the budgetAllocation.Distribution.Stabilization.Financial functions of the budgetAn evaluation of total government and public authority expenditures within the budget sector.课程性质公共管理导论是公共管理学院的主干课程之一，也是公共管理学院学生学好 其他课程的基础。学好这门课程，对于了解公共领域的历史和发展近况，提高对 公共管理方面作品的阅读鉴赏、分析评说能力，对于全面提高公共管理素养，运 用国际的先进理论分析国内的情况的能力，都具有重要作用。学好这门课程，对 于了解世界的优秀理论、提高民族自信心和自尊心，对于加强爱国主义思想和精 神文明建设，也具有积极的意义。教学目的通过这门课程的学习，使学生比较系统地掌握公共管理的基本轮廓，以及公 共管理现象的兴衰变化、联系交融等情况，掌握本大纲规定的公共管理的基本知 识。通过这门课程的学习，学生应具备对于公共管理方面英文文献的阅读鉴赏能 力、分析评论能力，借助于注释和有关资料，能读懂中等难度的公共管理英文作 品，能独立地分析、评论公共管理现象与理论，具备初步的研究问题的能力。教学内容本课程的包括公共管理的基本内容，包括传统公共行政的介绍，及政府角色、 公共企业、公共政策、人事管理等公共管理的多个领域。设置本课程的基本出发 点是：知识与能力兼顾，重在能力与素质的培养。本大纲所列公共管理的知识点，是教师教学讲授的基本内容，也是学生学习 的基本范围。教师讲课应具有指导性、启发性和示范性。讲课时应突出重点、难 点，不应面面俱到，一般性地重复教材。对于作品的讲解分析更应突出重点，应 避免繁锁和面面俱到。至于对具体问题怎样去讲述，教师具有相对的自由，可以 充分发挥自己的专长。我们在本大纲中尽量反映近几十年学术的发展，吸收新的学术成果。大纲中 所开列的作品篇目，有一部分阅读作品。在重点讲授的作品中，应有一部分要求 学生能够背诵。具体篇目教师可自行掌握。The legislature instrument of accountability and control over the government in its handling of financial matters.3 .Traditional financial management.The form of traditional financial manage