2023年操作系统Linux内核编译实验报告.docx

操作系统课程设计实验报告实验名称：linux的内核编译姓名/学号：一、实验目的熟悉linu x的使用，编译内核二、实验内容1 .编译linux的新内核.将学号添加到新内核启动菜单中三、团实验环境.软件环境：Win d ows 7旗舰版VMw a r e W o rkstati o n 8Ubunt u Kyi i n 13.04（内核版本 Ubundu with Lin u x 3 .8.0-19）.团硬件环境In t el core i 5 2450M四、团程序设计与实现1.团下载并安装 VMware Workstatio n 以及 Ubuntuk y 1 ini 3 . 04x - n root)ubuntu: /home/wcsbfangourootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou# update-grupNo command 'update-grup' found, did you mean:Command 'update-grub' from package 'grub' (main)Command 'update-grub' from package 'grub2-common' (main) update-grup: command not found rootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou# update-grubGenerating grub.cfg .Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin done rootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou# gedit /boot/grub/grub.cfgLj *grub.cfg xelsesearch -no-floppy -fs-uuid -set=root 74a43acf-97f0-4b70- Jc61-c889399edac8 ftlinux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.6 root=UUID=74a43acf-97f0-4b7O-ac61- :889399edac8 ro ftnd_preseed=/preseed.cfg auto noprompt )riortty=crittcal locale=en_US quietIsubmenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_optton gnultnux- Jdvanced-74a43acf-97f0-4b70-ac61-c889399edac8, menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.6.1120111933' -class jbuntu - -class gnu-linux - -class gnu - -|class os $menuentry_td_option 1gnulinux-3.13.6-advanced-74a43acf-97f0-4b70-ac61-c889399edac8' recordfailload_videogfxmode $ltnux_gfx_modeinsmod gzioinsmod part_msdosinsmod ext2set root='hd0,nsdosl'if x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ; then0，|i （3）重启电脑，可以实现选择内核，学号添加到新内核启动菜单中了GNU GRUB version 2.00-13ubuntu3lllbuntuAdvanced options for UbuntuMemory test (memtest86+)Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)Use the * and + keys to select which entry is highlighted. Press enter to boot the selected OS, 'e' to edit the commands before booting or 'c' for a command-line.GNU GRUB version 2.00-13ubuntu3Ubuntu,withLinux3.13.6 (recoverymode)Ubuntu,withLinuxUbuntu,withLinux(recoverymode)Use the 个 and ， keys to select which entry is highlighted.Press enter to boot the selected OS, 'e' to edit the commands before booting or for a command-line. ESC to return五、团实验收获与体会开始安装u b u ntu后，开机进入的界面是类似于终端的界面，没有图形界 面，后来查了一下，才知道输入st a rtx才是打开桌面程序。尚有就是更新源的 问题，系统默认是美国的源，更新一些东西的时候总是失败，后来查了一下才知 道问题所在，然后把更新源改成了北交,再加上学校的IPV6网，下载更新简直 神速。其实尚有碰到好多问题，比如无法上网、无法从主系统拷贝文献到虚拟机 什么的，都是通过百度搜索解决的，就不一一列举了。由于之前基本没有用过Ubun t u,对U b u nt u 一无所知，通过这次实验， 大体了解了一下Ub u ntu的基本操作和原理。每次操作都非常的大胆，做错了大 不了从新安装Ubun t u,反正是虚拟机，不是太在乎。没怎么用到书，由于感 觉书上的东西还要自己慢慢找，然后就一直通过搜索引擎查找想要的知识，但是 网上的资源良莠不齐，还得慢慢辨别是否实用。 DevicesPresentAuto detectPresentAuto detectP a s sw o r d：（在此输入你上面设立的密码）Home I (Ijj Ubuntu x |匕 Ubuntu Power on this virtual machine国 Edit virtual machine settingsMi Memory2 GB Processors4a Hard Disk (SCSD 20 GBfCD/DVD (IDE) Using file D:v. 位 Network Ad叩NATQ USB Controller O Sound Card V Printer /DisplayDescriptionType here to enter a description of this virtual machine. Virtual Machine DetailsState: Powered offConfiguration file: D:UbuntuUbuntu.vmxHardware compatibility: Workstation 8.0 virtual machine开机先获取root权限sudo pas s wd rootE n ter n ew U NIX pa s sword:(在这输入你的密码)Retype new UNIX p a ssword:(拟定你输入的密码)pa s swd: pas swo r d update d s u c c e ssfully以后,假如在想获得root权限，只需进行如下的操作:su roo t*!|O4O1;*VMware Easy InstallPLEASE HAIT! VMware Tools is currently being installed on your system. Depending on the version of Ubuntu you are installing, you may log in below and use the system during the installation. Otherwise, please wait for the graphical environment to launch. Thank you.*田*：40*叱*叱*叱叱*毋ubuntu login： ucsbfangouPassword:Last login: Tue Mar 18 21:40:23 CST 2014 on ttylWelcome to Ubuntu 13.04 (GNU/Linux 3.8.0-19-generic 1686)* Documentation： Your Ubuntu release is not supported anymore.For upgrade information, please visit： http :/ujujuj. ubuntu. com/releaseendof lifeNew release '13.10' available.Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.tucsbf angouubuntu ：su rootPassword:root Oubunt u ： /home/uicsb-f angou#接下来的实验都是在获得roo t权限下操作的。打开系统查看系统信息All Settings DetailsAll Settings DetailsDevice nameMemory Processor GraphicsOS type Diskubuntu 13.04x - Detailsubuntu2.0 CiBIntel® cjare"* i5-2450M CPU 2.50GHz * 4Gallium 0.4 on llvmpipe (LLVM 3.2,256 bits) 32-bit19.9 GB按住Ctrl+a It+t打开终端，并输入un a me -a以查看内核版本信息r x - n rootubuntu: /home/wcsbfangourootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou# uname -aLinux ubuntu 3.8.0-19-genertc #29-Ubuntu SMP Wed Apr 17 18:19:42 UTC 2013 1686 t 686 1686 GNU/Linux rootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou# ，可见此版本是的内核2.下载内核并编译（1）我下载好的内核存放在D ownload文献夹里，为了方便直观，我又新 建了一个名为kern e I的文献夹（mk d ir kernel）,并将下载好的内核存放在k e rnel 文献夹里（cp - / r o ot / Down 1 oads/Lin u x -3.13. 6.t a r .x z / home/w c sb f a n gou/kernel）ox - n root（）ubuntu: /home/wcsbFangou/kernelrootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou# mkdir kernelrootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou# IsDesktopDownloads MusicPublicVideosDocuments kernelPictures Templates 桌面rootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou# cp -r /root/Downloads/ltnux-3.13.6.tar.xz /home/i csbfangou/kernelrootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou# cd kernelrootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel# Isrootubuntu: /home/wcsbfangou/kernel.# |(2 )解压下载好的内核文献，输入xz -d I i nux- 3 .13.6. t ar. xz后按回车，再输入后按回车，然后会发现ke r n e 1下的文献变成 1 inux3. 1 3.6 和 I i nux- 3 .13.6. tar=root()ubuntu: /home/wcsbfangou/kernel八nitamfs_data.S八Irt/.linux-3.13.6/virt/kvn/vfio.c rootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel# Is linux-3.13.6 (3)进入 ker n el 文献夹(cd linux-3. 1 5 . 5 ),然后执行 make menuconfig提醒缺少n cu rse s的库渣了一下百度，需要输入apt-g e t i n sta 1 I li b n curses 5 de v来安装缺失的库。I make: * menuconfig Error 2rootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel/linux-3.13.6# cd.cd.: command not foundrootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel/linux-3.13.6# cd .rootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel# cd .ootOubuntu:/home/wcsbfanaou#install libncuses5de /（4）安装好之后再执行make menuco n fig即可设立，我是参考错误!未定义书签。这个网址进行设立的x - = .config - Ltnux/x86 3.13.6 Kernel ConfigurationArrow keys navigate the menu. <Enter> selects submenus > (or empty submenus -). Highlighted letters are hotkeys. Pressing <Y> includes, <N> excludes, <M> modularizes features. Press <Esc><Esc> to exit, <?> for Help, </> for Search. Legend: * butlt-tn 64-btt kernelGeneral setup >-* provide systen-wtde ring of trusted keys* nable loadable module support >* nable the block layer ->Processor type and features > ower management and ACPI options >Bus options (PCI etc.) > xecutable file formats / Emulations -* - N-tworktng support ><Select>< Exit >< Help >< Save >< Load >设立之后选择S a ve 一下便退出，然后执行makex - r= root$)CCCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/scattered.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/topology.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/proc.oMKCAP arch/x86/kernel/cpu/capflags.cCCCCCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/comnon.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/rdrand.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/natch.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu八ntel.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/cyrtx.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/centaur.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu八ransneta.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/umc.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_amd.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_amd_uncore.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_p6.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_knc.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_p4.o这一步花费时间最长，我是晚上十一点多执行的，知道凌晨1:30才执行完,一直守候在电脑前不离不弃，太坑了，早知道要这么长时间就第二天在弄了。(5)按照顺序执行 mak e modul e sjnstal 1 和 mak e ins tallIHEX2FW ftrnware/emt62/spdtf.fwIHEX2FW firmware/emt62/nidi.fwIHEX ftrnware/kaweth/new_code.btnIHEX firnware/kaweth/trigger_code.binIHEX ftrmware/kaweth/new_code_ftx.binIHEX ftrmware/kaweth/trtgger_code_ftx.binIHEX firmware八t_3416.fw 'IHEX ftrnware/tt_5eS2.fwIHEX ftrmware/mts_cdma.fwIHEX ftrnware/nts_gsn.fwIHEX ftrnware/mts_edge.fwH16T0FW ftrnware/edgeport/boot.fwH16TOFW firmware/edgeport/boot2.fwH16T0FW ftrmware/edgeport/down.fwH16TOFW firmware/edgeport/down2.fwIHEX ftrnware/edgeport/down3.binIHEX2FW ftrmware/whtteheat_loader.fwIHEX2FW firmware/whiteheat.fwIHEX2FW ftrmware/keyspan_pda/keyspan_pda.fwIHEX2FW firmware/keyspan_pda/xircom_pgs.fwIHEXftrmware/cpla2/stv0672_vp4.btnIHEXftrmware/yam/1266.binIHEXfirnware/yam/96ee.binrootfflubuntu:/home/wcsbfanqou/kernel/ltnux-3.13.6# make modules Install!INSTALL /ltb/ftrnware/emt62/ntdt.fwINSTALL /lib/firnware/kaweth/new_code.binINSTALL 八tb/ftrmware/kaweth八rtgger_code.binINSTALL /lib/firmware/kaweth/new_code_fix.binINSTALL 八tb/fIrmware/kaweth八rtgger_code_flx.binINSTALL /ltb/ftrnware/tt_34ie.fw "INSTALL /Xib/firmware/ti_5652.fwINSTALL /Itb/ftrnware/nts_cdma.fwINSTALL /lib/firmware/nts_gsm.fwINSTALL /ltb/ftrmware/nts_edge.fwINSTALL /llb/ftrmware/edgeport/boot.fwINSTALL /lib/firmware/edgeport/boot2.fwINSTALL /lib/ftrnware/edgeport/down.fwINSTALL /ltb/firmware/edgeport/down2.fwINSTALL /ltb/flrmware/edgeport/down3.btnINSTALL /ltb/ftrnware/whtteheat_loader.fwINSTALL /lib/firmware/whiteheat.fwINSTALL /ltb/ftrnware/keyspan_pda/keyspan_pda.fwINSTALL /ltb/firn»ware/keyspan_pda/xtrcom_pgs.fwINSTALL /ltb/ftrmware/cpta2/stv0672_vp4.binINSTALL /ltb/ftrnware/yaA/1260.btnINSTALL /lib/firmware/yam/96e0.binrootdubuntu:/home/wcsbfanaou/kernel/ltnux-3.13.6# make install!(6)执行之后然后重启，打开终端输入uname -a查看内核版本信息，会发现变成了 linux-3.13. 6x - a rootf9ubuntu: /home/wcsbfangourootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou# unane -aLinux ubuntu 3.13.6 #1 SMP Mon Mar 17 01:02:14 CST 2014 1686 1686 1686 GNU/Ltnux rootubuntu:/hone/wcsbfangou# |证明编译内核成功。但是为什么默认内核变成了新编译的内核，我却无法选择, 然后又搜了一些资料，找到解决的方法，会在接下来环节提到。3 .实现开机选择内核与菜单显示学号(1)查阅相关资料后，得到开机选择内核的方法。打开终端输入g edit /etc/ d e fa u I t / grub,编辑 grub,注释掉 G R U B_H IDDEN_TIME 0 UT=0 然后还要update-gr u b 一下就可以再开机时候选择内核* 1匕理在线首员 个人主员 乐学 服务*grub (/etc/lkltbc-eoI93zdkH8Gxdxfvsu-08sYNq70.solltbcryptsetup.so. 4# open ,公第器篮;aelj *grub x# If you change# /boot/grub/grubJ# For full docume/# info -f grub «GRUB_DEFAULT=0 #CRUB_HIDDEN_TIM GRUB_HIDDEN_TIME0i GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 CRUB_DISTRIBUTOR= CRUB_CMDLINE_LINU> CRUB_CMDLINE_LINU> prtortty=crtttcals,ltbnss_mdns4_ntntfnal. so. 2root§ubuntu:/llbff cd modulesroot0ubuntu:/lib/modul.es# Isrootubuntu:/ltb/nodules/3.13.6# Isbuild kernel nodules.alias» Uncomment to enIsb modprobe.d nodules Plymouth recovery-mode resolvconf security systend terntnfo udev ufw xtablesmodules.builtin modules.builtin.bin modules.depnodules.alias.bin modules.dep.bin rootubuntu:/lib/modules/3.13.6# geditnodules.order sourcenodules.softdepnodules.symbols/etc/default/grub» This works with"VmU.WTTobtainsu the nenory map Information from GRUB (CNUMach, kernel ofjlesjnstallII Undo 办 X 口哈 Q ©xi - grub (/etc/default) - gedit q Open Save W, grub x# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update # /boot/grub/grub.cfg.n For full documentation of the options in this file, see: # info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration,GRUB_DEFAULT=0#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=trueGRUB_TIMEOUT=10GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=*lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null | echo Debian' GRUBZcMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet"GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="find_preseed=/preseed.cfg auto noprompt priortty=critical locale=en_US"(2)接下来就是在开机菜单中添加学号，在终端中输入gedi r / b oot / grub/grub, cfg,来编辑g r ub.cfg,找到m e n uentry 引号中的内容可以任意 修改，然后将学号添加到新内核的版本号后边。x - o root)t/kv”ioapic.c八tt/kvm/toaptc.hrootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel.# Isltnux-3.13.6 rootubuntu:rootubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel/linux-3.13.6# make menuconfig HOSTCC scripts/basic/ftxdep HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o* Unable to find the ncurses libraries or the* required header files.* 'make menuconfig' requires the ncurses libraries.* Install ncurses (ncurses-devel) and try again. *makel: * * scripts/kconfig/dochecklxdialog Error 1make: * menuconfig Error 2ootubuntu:/home/wcsbfanqou/kernel/ltnux-3.1,3.6#