2023年人教版新目标八年级上册英语语法知识点.docx
人教版新目的八年级上册英语语法知识点(-)一般将来时一般将来时表达将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态.通常与表达将来的时间 状语连用,如 tomorrow, th e day af t er tom o rrow, next y ear, next mon t h, next we e k» in I 0 0 year s 等。b e going to do (动词原形)结构:表达打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事 情。如:I t i s going to rain.will do 结构表达将来的用法:1 .表达预见Do yo u t h in k it wi 1 I r ai n ?You will f eel b e tt e r after a g o od re s t .2 .表达意图I will b o it o w a book from our school li b rary tomorrow.What will she do t o m o r r ow ?基本构成如下:一般疑问句构成: will +主语+do? W i II S a rah c ome t o visit m e next S u nday?(2)thcr e be 结构的一般疑问句:Will t h e r e + b e ?Will there b e f e wer trees? Ye s , t h er e will. /No, (here won't否认句构成:will + not (won' t )+doSara h won't c o me to visit me n e x t Sund a y.特殊疑问句构成:特殊疑问词+will +主语H?Wha t will S a r ah d o n ext S u n d ay?练一练3 .三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后,将完毕的短文 再细读一遍,上下参照,连贯思考。把所填的答案放入短文中进行检查,可从上、下文内容 是否协调一致、顺理成章,语法结构是否对的无误等进行综合验证,凡有疑问必须重新推敲考 虑。根据例句,用Will改写下列各句例:I d o n't fe e 1 well to d ay. (be b e tter t omoir o w)I'll bebet t ertomor r ow.1. Gina h as six clas s e s today, (have a 1 o( o f home w o rk tonight)2. Fm t i r ed now. (s 1 ee p la t e r)o n e s o on)3. . My par e nts n e e d a new ca r . (buy(1 e ave a I i 11 le 1 a t e r )4. W e can't leave r ight n ow.5. Th e weat h er is awful tod a y. (be b e t te r tom o rrow)答案:1. S he'll ha v c a lot of h omcw o r k tonight.2. D 1 s leep 1 a ter.3. . The y Ml b uy o n e s o o n.4. W e '11 leav e a 1 i t tie la t er.5. Maybe i t '11 be better tomor r o w.()s hould 的用法:s houl d用来提出建议和忠告,后边加动词原形,否认句直接在shoul d后边加not.例如:I t hink you sho u Id e a t 1 e ss j u n k f o od.我认为你应当少吃垃圾食品。She drives a lot an d she seld o m wa 1 k s . So I th i nk sh e should walk a lot.她经常开车,很少走路。所以我认为她应当多走路。Stu d ents sho uldn't s pend too m uc h t i me pla y in g c om p u t er g a mes.学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。学习向别人提建议的几种句式:(1)1 think you sh o uld(2) We 11, you c ould-(3)Mayb e y o u should (4 ) Why don, t you ?(5)Wha t abo u t doing sth.?(6) Yoird b e tte r do sth.练一练用 s h o u Id 或 shou 1 dn't 填空1. . I can't si e ep the night be f ore exam s .You t ak e a warm shower b e f o rc y ou g o to b cd.2. Good friends a rgue each o t he r .3. The r e is I i 11 1 e m i Ik i n t h e g la s s . Wc buy some.4. They didn't i n v i le y ou? Maybe you b e fri e n d lier.5. I a m a 1 ittl e b it o v e r weight. S o I think I d o exer c i s e s ev ery da y .答案:1. s h o ul d 20. s h ou 1 dn, t 3». should 4. should。5 . should(三)过去进行时过去进行时表达过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动 作。1 .构成was /we r e + d o ing,例如:I w a s w a t ching TV at 9 o'clocklast niht.at 9 o 'clock Iasi n igh t 是时间点、They were p 1 a y ing f o otball all afte r noon.all afternoon是时间段.过去进行时的标志词a t 8 o'c 1 o c k I a st n i ght, t hi s t ime ye s t erda y 等。例如:I w a s h a ving lu n chat horn e t his t ime y es t er d ay.昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。At that t i me she w as writing a book.那阵子她在写一本书。(表达她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。)练一练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. T h is t ime yest e rd a y I (r e ad) bo o ks.2. . At 9 o 'clock 1 ast Sun day they(h a v e ) a p a rt y .3. W h e n I (co me) int o the cla s sr o o m, she (re a d )a sto r y book.4. S h e (play) compu t cr gam e s while her mot h er( c ook) yesterday aft e r n o on.5. I( h a v e ) a showe r w h en you (ca 1 l)m e yes (erda y.答案:1 . was re a d i ng。2 . wer e having。 3 . c a me; was reading4. was p 1 a y i ng; was c oo k i n g 5 was ha v i ng; c a 11 e d(四)间接引语形成环节:(1)不要逗号,冒号,引号(2)要考虑到人称的变化(人称的变化与汉语是一致的)(3)要考虑时态的变化(4)要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。1.直接引语变成间接引语时,几个重要时态的变化规律直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时2.直接引语变成间接引语时,一些词汇的变化规律直接引语间接引语1 . am / i s1. was2 . are2. were3. have /has3. h ad4 . wil 14. w o ul d5. can5. c o ul d6. may6. might练一练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. She s aid I( b e) hard-working.2. Peter told me he ( b e)bor e d yeste r day.3. S he sa i d s h e(g o ) swimming 1 ast Su n day.4. Bo b by sa i d he (may) c a II me la t e r .5. A n tonio t ol d me h e ( r e a d )a book then.答案:1. was2。. was。3. went4. mig h t5. was reading请转述别人说的话:1. I go to t he beach e v ery Satu rda y . ( T om)1.1 ca n s pe a k th r ee lan g uages. (Luc y )3. I wil 1 c a 11 yo u t o morrow. (Mike)4. I'm h avi n g a surpr i se p a r t y for Lana. ( s he)(五)if引导的条件状语从句结构:if+一般现在时,主语+将来时含义:假如,将要例如:If you ask him, he will hel p y ou.假如你请求他,他会帮助你。I f need be, we'll work al 1 ni g h t .假如需要,我们就干个彻夜。练一练根据中文提醒,完毕句子。1 . 假如你参与聚会,你将会过得很开心。2 .假如明天下雨,我们将不去野餐。If i t tom o rrow, we.3 .假如你经常听英文歌,你将会喜欢英语的。I f yo u often , you .答案:1 . If y ou go to t he part y , you wi 1 I h a vc a good time1.1 f i t rai n s t o morro w, w e won't g o to the picnic3.1 f you o f ten li s ten to Engl i s h so n g s, y o u'l 1 li k e Engl i sh二.完形填空特点及解题思绪(-)题型分类与特点完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干个词,留下一些空格,规定考生 借助短文保存的部分,从所给的短文整体出发,在对的理解短文意思的基础上,根据句子和 句子间的内在联系、词的用法和习惯搭配等,用适当的词或词语填空,使补全后的短文意思 通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。这种题型测试的内容从形式上看是单词或短语的填空,但它 必须注意到短文中上、卜文意思连贯、词语搭配和语法结构对的,所以在空格上所填的词 必须符合语义合用和语法对的两条原则,只考虑某一侧面都也许导致错误。中考中完形填 空试题的基本题型分两类:完形填空选择题和完形填空题。I.完形填空选择题:该题型的特点是将一篇短文中若干词语抽掉留下空格,对每一空格提供若干个选择项,规定考生通读短文后,在理解短文意思的基础上,运用所学的词汇、句 型、语法等语言知识,从所提供的备选项中选出一个最佳答案,使短文内容完整对的。中考完 形填空重要以这种题型为主。它所给的短文一般与初中英语教材难易限度相称,字数在 150200个单词之内,多数设立1 0个左右空格,所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理 解。短文的第一句一般不设空,以期提供一个语境,对每一空格设立的选项基本都属于相同 或对等的词类,给鉴定选择带来一定的干扰,侧重考察了考生准确运用词汇的能力及对短文 的整体理解和逻辑推理能力。2.选词填空题:该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱顺序,不按原文顺序排列,放在短文前 面或后面的方框内,有时还增长几个文外的词,规定考生从中选出适当的词以对的的形式填入 短文空格内。(A)Jack want e d to ask fbr two day s off, 1 he h a d o n ly1 eamt (he p hra se (短语)“have a d ay o f f . He 2,then he had an ide a ." G r a ndmoth e r is ill. May I h ave a day off, 3?” h e aske d th e tea c h e r .“Of c ourse, you c an. " rep 1 ied (答复)the tea c he r at one e . A f t e r a while, the boy c am e t o 4 at the t e ach e r's do o r. u M a y I havea d ay o f f5? ”Th e teac h e r was very su r prised, "Did n ,t yo u 6it ju s t now?”Yes , si r . But I can't be h er e7, e it h er. " The t e ach e r u n d e r s t oodhim a nd coul d n ol h e Ip 8Then he s aid wit h a s mile, “Why d i d n'tyou s ay 4 May I hav e two d ays off? ' " The b o y a ns w ered qui ck 1 y9 alo ud v o ic e . "But you only 10 u s ' h a ve a d ay o ffl”()1. A. but,B. and 。 C. orD. f or()2. A. t h ou g h t h ard 1 yB. th o ught hard and har dC. h a rd thoug h tD. th o u g h t a n d t bought()3. A. M i s s ooB. sir®C . te a cher»<>D. Mr)4. A. sink e。 B. beskV. hit® »D. knock)5. A. also 。B . ag a in)5. A. also 。B . ag a inC. tooD. o n ce)6 . A. s p e ak®B.tell«C. s ay。D. d o()7. A. tom o r r o wo m o r r owC. y e st e r d ayD. t h e d a y b efore y ester d ay)8. A . lau g h,B. to laugh0c.iaughcd。D. 1 a ug h in g( )9. A.with ,B. on .inD. by)10. A. teac hB. ta u ghtC . ar e te a chingaD . were te a ch i n g(B)请根据内容从所给的15个单词中选出最恰当的10个填入空白处,使短文完整,有些词要根 据需要作适当的词形变化。tha n , so, tell, us, t h em, r ep o r t, b eause, 1 ove, comp ositio n , unde r stand, t o , that, mu c h, for, wha tA g e ncra t ion ga p (代沟)has become a scr i o u s probl e m. I r e a d a( 1)abo u t it int h e n e w s paper .Some childrenha vek illed .(2) af t er q u ar r cis (争吵)w i thp arents.It hin k this i s (3) theyd on't have a g oo d talk wit h e ach ot h e r . Par e n(s n o w s p end(4)t i me in the of f i c e.(5)t h e y don't have much time t o stay with their c hi 1 d re n. As lime pa sses, the y both feel (6) t hey doifthavet he same topic s (话题)to taik abo u t. I wa n tto (7) p a r e n tstobemore wi t h y o ur ch i Idren, g e t t o know t h e m a n d understand t hem. And f or ch iIdre n , show y ou r feeling (8)yo u r p a rents. T hey a re the people who (9)yo u . So tel 1 them y our th o u g h t s (想法).I n this way, you can have a bet ter(10)of e ach o(h e r.完形填空选择题的一般解题思绪是:1 .跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格,通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文,获 得整体卬象,做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨,较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基 础上才开始鉴定选择,切忌仓促下笔。2 .结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上,再结合所给备选项细读全 文,联系上、下文内容,注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提 醒,以词、句的意义为先,再从分析句子结构入手,根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭 配等进行综合考虑,对备选项逐个进行分析、比较和筛选,排除干扰项、初步选定答案。3 .瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明 显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做,一下子不能拟定答案的,先跳过这一空格,继续往下 做,最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已拟定答案的选项再读一遍短文,随 着对短文理解的进一步,可以减少试题的难度,提高选择的对的率。4 .复读全文、逐空验证、填补疏漏。完毕各道题选择后,把所选的答案代入原文,再把 全文通读一篇,逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章,语 法结构是否对的,是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的,应再次推敲、反复 斟酌、做出修正。完形填空试题的一般解题思绪是:1 .跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意。解题时先跳过空格,通读完形填空的短文,了解全篇 的内容和要旨。要重视首句,善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点,理清文脉,推测全文主题 及大意。2 .复读短文、拟定语义、判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文,运用上下文的语 境,结合所学过的知识,先拟定空格处所需词语的意义,再根据空格在句子中的位置,判断其 在句中充当的成分,从而拟定所填词的词性,再依据词语搭配和语法规则,判断所填的词的 对的形式。