Unit4单元知识点学案-2021-2022学年高中英语人教版必修第三册.docx

1. However,some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.然而，一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。【词汇精讲】句中的determined是形容词，意为“有决心的;意志坚定的He made determined efforts to overcome the difficulties.We are determined to get the work done before New Year's Day.【思维拓展】(l)determine to do sth.决定/决心做某事 determine on (doing) sth.决定(做)某事determine sb.to do sth.使某人下决心做某事(2)determined adj.坚决的；有决心的 be determined to do sth.决心做某事 be determined that.决心(3)determination n.决心；决定 with determination 坚决地单句语法填空©I have determined going to the countryside after graduating from college.He is(determine) to take good care of his parents from now on.The(determine) expression on her face suggested that she wouldn't change her mind. ©Helen was a strong girl and she finally achieved her dream with great(determine). (北京改编)(determine) to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世 俗标签)I can now call myself a "marathon winner”.单句写作He (下定决心好好利用)this chance to learn more about the Chinese culture. the job on time, they set out to work immediately4形容词短语作状语) 2.These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died. 这些灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的愿望从未消失。【词汇精讲】disappointed是形容词，意为“失望的;沮丧的“，在句中作宾语补足语。They were bitterly disappointed at the result of the game.He was disappointed to see she wasn't at the party.【思维拓展】(l)be disappointed at/by sth.对某事失望 be disappointed in/with sb.对某人失望be disappointed to do sth.因感到失望(2)disappointv.使失望；使破灭，使落空(3)disappointmcnt n. U失望，C令人失望的人/事(4)disappointing adj.令人失望的，扫兴的(强调主语的行为或某事令人失望) 单句语法填空©Although I was(disappoint) I couldn't keep the toys, I was somewhat proud to take them back.To my(disappoint), his behaviour cause some misunderstanding between us.The teacher is disappointed Tony's attitude towards study.©We were greatly disappointed(know) that she was absent.The fans were disappointed the film star when they learned some negative news about himon the website.The fans looked quite (disappoint) when they heard the (disappoint) result.3 .These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died.这些灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的愿望从未消失。【词汇精讲】句中的desire是名词，意为“渴望;欲望'desire还可作动词，意为“渴望;期望I owned a bookshop and desired to expand the business.【思维拓展】(1 )desirc sth.渴望得到某物desire to do sth.希望做某事desire sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事desire that希望(从句中用should do结构，should可以省略)(2)have a desire for sth.渴望得到某物 have a desire to do sth.渴望做某事单句语法填空©He desires(join) the army and devote himself to the country.©Several people have expressed a desire(see) the report.(2020.重庆巴蜀中学高一期末)Fashion is a competitive and hard business where people's desire new ideas is hard to satisfy.At yesterday's meeting, the manager desired that the project(finish) on time.一句多译在场的所有学生都渴望上重点大学。AH the students present. (desire n.)A11 the students present.(desire v.)©All the students present desire that they.4 .China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.2003年，杨利伟乘坐神舟五号成功绕地球飞行，中国成为世界上第三个实现载人航天的国家。【词汇精讲】independently为副词,意为“独立,独自。”【思维拓展】(1 independent adj.独立的；自主的be independent of不信赖；独立于之外(2)independence n. 独立； 自主 independence from sb./slh.从独立(3)independently adv.独立地;自主地(4)dependent adj.依靠的；依赖的dependence n.信赖，依赖depend v.依靠，依赖单句语法填空©Not only my spoken English, but also my ability to live(independent) has been improved a lot.©All living things depend the sun for their growth.Susan wanted to be independent her parents.She tried living alone, but she didn't like it and moved back home.A study abroad program can teach students(independent) and important life skills.单句写作Now that you have grown up, you should(不依赖)your parents.Many countries left and(独立于)the empire in the 20th century.5. This signalled one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future.这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。【词汇精讲】signal作动词，意为“标志着;标明;发信号”。signal也可作名词，意为“信号;标志”。She signalled that he was about to turn left.The siren was a signal for everyone to leave the building.【思维拓展】（l）signal to sb.向某人发信号/示意signal （to） sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事signal with.用发信号a signal for sb.to do sth.某人做某事的信号单句语法填空©The police seems to be（signal） to us with his arm.In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards（signal） that someone was moving about upstairs.The far side of the moon is a rare quiet place that is free from interference from radio（signal） from Earth.In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was signal for everyone to stand up.The judge signaled a police officer and the man was led away.Part 02短语精讲1. g。up上升；增长；升起；被兴建；被建造；被焚毁（l）go up by上升了（表示上升的程度或幅度）go up to上升到（表示上升后的结果）（2）go after追逐;追求goagainst反对;违背；不利于go ahead进行,进展；做吧，干吧go along进展；继续go by（时间）流逝go over仔细检查go in for爱好；参加考试（或竞赛）go out出去；熄灭go through仔细察看某事物，检查某事物；经历，遭受；（法律、合同等正式）通过go down（物价等）下跌；（温度等）下降；（船等）下沉；（日、月）落到地平线下，落下go without勉强凑合；没有也行写出下列句中go up的含义©Several new malls are going up in the centre of this city.It is predicted that food prices will continue to go up in the next few months.用go的相关短语完成句子©Tail buildings are along the new road leading to the downtown area.I didn't poetry before, but now I'm beginning to take an interest in it.As time, he finds it important to learn another foreign language.一The woman biologist had stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.-She must have a lot!单句语法填空©To get a better grade, you should go the notes again before the test.I was in the middle of packing up my things when suddenly the power went in the neighborhood.2. look up抬头看；（在词典、计算机等中）查阅She looked up from her books as I entered the room.look after 照料；照顾If there are words you do not understand, look them up in a dictionary.look ahead展望未来look around环顾；四卜看look at看；检查look back on回忆look down upon/on 瞧不起 look into 调查；审查单句语法填空©They look down this kind of work.When I look back 2014, I'm proud of what we have achieved.When I came in, he was focusing on his novel and didn't look.3. focus on集中（注意力、精力等）于The discussion focused on three main problems.All eyes were focused on the speaker.“集中注意力于/全神贯注于”表达法集锦：concentrate （one's mind/attention） onbe buried/absorbed/Iost inkeep one's mind onfbcus/fix one's mind/attention onlose oneself in/bury oneself in单句语法填空©She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to focus her studies.©Catherine was seated in the sofa, totally absorbed the book about youth and dreams.4. carry on继续做，坚持干After the meal, the managers went back to the meeting room to carry on their discussion.Whatever difficulty we meet with, we will carry on with the project.We all carried on singing as if nothing odd was happening.（1 ）carry on doing sth.继续做某事 carry on with sth.继续某事（2）carry构成的其他短语：carry out实施,执行（指不、命令等）,完成（任务）carry sth.through（克服困难后）把进行到底，完成carry sb.through使某人渡过难关单句语法填空©Having read stories of Lin Qiaozhi, the girl was determined to carry with her good work.（湖北改编）He gave himself a new name to hide his identity when he went to cany the secrettask.©You'll have an accident if you carry on（drive） like that.©He asked us to assist him in carrying his plan.用carry短语的适当形式填空©Although faced with so many difficulties, they still their research.The support of her mother Jane Goodall and she devoted herself to the studyof chimps.©After two trials, we began to the task.The team will have to without Professor Smith.Part 03句型精讲1. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was an impossible dream.在20世纪中期之前，大多数人都觉得去太空旅游是一个不可能实现的梦想。（1）句式分析：这是一个复合句。主句的主语是most people, felt是谓语，后面是省略了引导词that的 宾语从句。在宾语从句中，travelling into space是动名词作主语，was是系动词，an impossible dream 是表语。ving（短语）作主语v.ing（短语）作主语往往表示一般情况或抽象动作，其被动形式为being donee谓语动词的数：单个的v.-ing（短语）作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式;但是两个及以上的v.-ing（短 语)作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据叙述的事来确定。如果是一件事，谓语动词要用单数形式；如果 是两件或多件事情，谓语动词用复数形式。Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.Being praised by his teacher made him regain confidence.Seeing much, suffering much, and studying much are the three pillars of learning.见识多、遭难重、钻研深是学问的三大要素。当use, good, worth, fun等名词或形容词作表语时，可用it作形式主语，把作主语的v.-ing后置。 常见句型有：It is no use/no good/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/没有好处/浪费时间。It is worth doing sth.做某事是值得的。I think it is no good reading in bed.It is worth seeing the movie for another time.v.-ing(短语)作主语时，如果要突出动作的执行者，要在前面加上其逻辑主语，这个逻辑主语要用名 词所有格或形容词性物主代词，不能用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格。Rose's coming won't be of much help.罗丝的到来不会有多大帮助。(不能用Rose) 单句语法填空(know) the differences between the two research findings will be helpful to your experiment. (2019天津改编)Learning to think critically(批判性地)(be) an important skill today's children will need for the future.(2019江苏改编)(he) making the same mistake again made his teacher very angry.It's no use(worry) about it.You can do something to change it.(bring) up in a poor family made Toin very hard-working when he was still young.Discovering Useful Structures&Reading for Writing1. lackP42) Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy.由于缺乏每天锻炼的必要，宇航员的骨和肌肉在太 空中会变得非常脆弱，(每天锻炼)有助于他们保持健康。(l)vt.缺乏:没有。常见搭配：lack slh.缺少某物lack (for) nolhing什么都不缺None of his plans ever comes through because he lacks determination.The children lack for nothing although the parents are poorly dressedn.U)缺乏;I员I乏;短缺。常见搭配:for lack of.因缺乏(a) lack of缺乏no lack of不缺乏Several research institutions were closed down for lack of fund 归纳拓展lacking adj.没有的:缺的;不足的be lacking in缺少，缺乏单句语法填空Though(lack) money, his parents managed to send him to university.(1) Living in the desert involves a lot of problems, of which(lack) water is the worst.2. keen教材P43 Fm very Keen to know,我非常渴望知道keen adj.强烈的；深厚的；渴望的；灵敏的。常见搭配：be keen to do slh.热衷/渴望做某事be keen on(ding)sh热衷于(做)某事Many parents are keen to send their children to the best schoolHe is keen on designing jewellery.单句语法填空Dolly wants to cycle round the world and she is really keen the idea.(2)1 am not very keen on(go) there.(3)He is keen(have) a look at the Great Wall3 argueP44 > Some people argue that wc should stop wasting time and money exploring space.一些人争论说我们 应当停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。(1儿&论证，说理，争辩。常见搭配argue sb.into/ out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事argue for/ against( doing)slh.据理力争/反对(做)某事Wc tried to argue him out of going on such a dangerous journey.I argued for the plan while my elder sister argued against it.(2)v争吵，争论，争辩。常见搭配argue with sb. about/over sth.就某事与某人争吵/争论They argued with each other about the best place for a holiday归纳拓展相关词语积累：argument n.争吵，争论，争辩；论据，论点，理由have an argument with sb. about/ over sth.就某事与某人争吵(2)表示“说服某人做某事”的其他常见表达persuade sb to do sth.persuade sb into doing sthconvince sb. to do sth单句语法填空(l)Gun control is a subject which Americans have argued for a long time.(2)Ali the other students argued whal he said.As a result, we began to argue him about it.(3)She had an (argue ) with her mother before she left.(4)Ifs no use(argue)with him about the question fbr he won't change his mind.4.Result inP44 It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.它直接促使了许多现在绕地卫星的产生result in(= cause/ lead to/ bring about)造成，导致The car accident resulted in his death.归纳拓展(I) as a result 因止匕结果 He was caught in the rain. As a result, he had a bad cold.(1) As a result of 由于，因为 He was late as a result of the snow.(3) result from因产生，发生We're still dealing with problems resulting from errors made in the past.5. benefit(l)n.益处,优势。常见搭配：for the benefit of sb.(= for sb.' benefit)为了 某人的利益；为了帮助某人Be of( great) benefit to=be ( very) beneficial to 对(很)有益To sb. s benefit对某人有利All donations are used for the benefit of disabled children.This measure is of great benefit to the improvement of the job.If we take these measures, I'm sure it is greatly to our benefitvt.使受益ti.得益于。常见搭配benefit sb.对某人有用，使某人受益sb. benefit by/ / from sth.某人得益于某物The book benefits John, and John benefits from the book.归纳拓展beneficial adj.有利的,有用的 be beneficial to.对有益6. regularly教材 P44They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use.它们也帮助企业制造出了更好的心脏监护和其他医生经常使用的设备 regularly adv规律地;定期地;常规地Take the medicine regularly three times a day.As we know, it's important to exercise regularly.归纳拓展irregular ad.无规律的，不规则的regulation n规则;法规on a regular basis 定期地;经常地 regular meetings/ visits 例行会议/访问regular opening hours正常营业时间keep regular hours保持规律的作息take regular exercise 定期锻炼 a regular customer 老主顾，老顾客单句语法填空(1)(2018浙江卷改编)While(regular) eating out seems lo have become common for manyyoung people in recent years, it's not without a cost(2)Having(regular)sleep cycles can really have negative effects on concentration and physical well-being(健康)(3)A new(regular)has passed forbidding supermarkets and stores from offering free plastic bags to shoppers in this country(4) Parents and their children should talk to each other a regular basis.7. limitedP44) Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet's resources arc limited.看着我们的星球在黑色的星海中像座孤岛的图片使人们意识到我们星球的资源是有限的。 limited ad.有限的;受(的)限制His English was so limited that he couldn't understand what the native speakers saidHe was born in a poor family and only received a limited education in his childhood 归纳拓展limit vt.限制，限定Limit .to .把限制在内(其被动形式为be limited to)2) limit n.限度,限制;极限;界限without limit无限地within limits在某种程度上;有一定限制set a limit on/to.对作出限制 There is a/no limit to.是有/无限度的3) limitless adj 限制的单句语法填空When Waze was just a small digital-mapping business with(limit) resources it had something Google Maps and other competitors didn't.(1) His father only allowed him to drive within the city(limit).(3)1'vc been asked(limit) my speech to ten minutes at the most.(2) 句写作1)我们必须对此旅游费用定一个限额。We must the expense of he trip.2)我们的时间有没有限制？Is there the amount of time we have?8. Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or planets much further away.全球各国把几十亿美元和大量的时间投入到不同的太( 空任务中，不管是去火星还是其他更远的行星。whether.,。!*.” 的用法(1)作“不管是还是”讲，引导让步状语从句，表示在从句所提供的两种选择之下，主句所表示的 结果都一样。Whether he goes abroad or stays at home, his parents will support him.(2)作"是.还是“讲，引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，Whether they consider this opinion or ignore it is not clear.(=It is not clear whether they consider this opinion or ignore it.)还不清楚他们是要考虑这个意见还是要忽视它。(主语从句)I wonder whether we shall be in time for the last bus or have to walk home归纳拓展whether 除了用于“whether.or.”结构中之外，还可用于“whether.or not/whether or not.”结构中，这三 个结构既可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。Whether you believe it or not, It Is true.不管你是否相信，它都是真的。I don't know whether or not he'll co