中考英语复习总结资料.docx

中考英语复习资料：数词、冠词考点集汇、讲解和训练【考点直击】1 .不定冠词a与an的用法.定冠词the的用法2 ."零"冠词.基数词的用法3 .序数词的用法【名师点睛】一.冠词的用法冠词是虚词，放在名词之前，用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。A(an)叫不定冠词，the叫定冠词。A用在辅音之前，an用在元音之前。1 .不定冠词的用法a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：John is a student.Mary is an English teacher.(2)指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如：A steelworker makes steel.Pass me an apple, please.(3)指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。例如：A student wants to see you.A girl is waiting for you outside.(4)表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。例如：Take the medicine three times a day.They go to see their parents once a week.2 .定冠词用法(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如：The book on the desk is an English dictionary.Beijing is the capital of China.(2)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：Open the door, please.Jack is in the library.(3)上文提到过的人或事物。例如：Yesterday John's father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan.(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如：Shanghai is the biggest city in China.January is the first month oftheyear.(6)用在某些形容词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：The nurse is kind to the sick.We should take good care of the old.(7)用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如：the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。(8)用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某场"。例如：脍（kudi）：切的很细的鱼或肉。把鱼、肉切成薄片。食不厌精，不厌细：厌，满足；脍，细切的肉。粮食舂得越精越好，肉切得越细越好。形 容食物要精制细做。攵会（hui）:烹调方法，炒菜后加少量的水和笑粉。把米饭等和荤菜、素菜混在起加水煮。灸（jiO）:针灸。37、打腊（蜡）38、死皮癞（赖）脸癞Idi黄癣。蛤蟆、皮狗、子。la痢（黄癣）、痢头39、兰（蓝）天白云40、鼎立（力）相助鼎力：敬辞，大力（表示请托或感谢时用）。鼎立：三方面的势力对立（像鼎的三条腿）。the Browns, the whites 等。3.不用冠词的情况(1)某些专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如:China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love等。名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代词时，不 用冠词。例如：That is my cap.I have some questions.Go down this street.（3）复数名词表示一类人或事物时，不用冠词。They are workers.We are students.(4)称呼语前不用冠词，表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如:I don't feel well today. Mother.Bush was made president of the U.S.(5)三餐饭的名称前，球类活动，学科和节目名词前，常不用冠词。例如:I have lunch athome.He often plays football after class.We have English and maths every day.（6）在某些固定词组里，名词之前常不用冠词。例如:By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school, on foot, from morning till night 等。.数词的用法数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。1 .基数词的用法 （1）基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语，例如:Thirty of them are Party members.（主i吾）How many would you like?-Three , please.（作宾语）The nine boys are from Tianjin.（定语）Six plus four is ten.（表语）We four will go with you.（同位语）表示一个具体数字时，hundred, thousand, million一律不用复数：在表示一个不确定数字时则用发数。例如：Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.There are three thousand students in our school.After the war, thousands of people became homeless.Maize is the most important food crop fbr millions of people in the world. They arrived in twos and threes.（3）表示“十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代，例如： He is in his early thirties. He died still in his forties. This took place in 1930s.(4)表示时刻用基数词。例如: We get up atsix.The workers begin work at eight.表示''几点过几分”，用介词past,但须在半小时以内。例如：ten past ten, a quarter past nine, half past twelve表示“几点差几分”用介词to,但分数须在半小时以上。例如：twenty to nine, five to eight, a quarter to ten表示“几点儿分”还可直接用基数词。例如：seven fifteen,eleven thirty, nine twenty2 .序数词的用法（1）序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词，例如I：The first truck is carrying a footbaskets. John lives on the fifteenth floor.（2）序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”这样的意思，例如： We'll have to do it a secondtime. Shall I ask him a third time?When I sat down, a fourth man rose to speak.（3）由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应，很容易写错，应特别注意。它们是：one-first, two-second, three-third, five-fifth, eight-eighth, nine-ninth, twelvetwelfth。（4）表示年，月，日时，年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。例如：1949 年十月日读作：October （the） first, nineteen sixty2004 年九月十日读作：September （the） tenth, two thousand and four（5）表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加-s。例 如：three fourths,one second, two fifths（6）序数词有时用缩写形式：first- 1stsecond2ndthird-* 3rdfourth-*4thtwenty-second-* 22nd【实例解析】1. （2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题）About students in our class can describe that place in English.A. three-fifths B. three-fifth C. third-five D. third-fifths答案：A。该题考查的是分数的表示法。分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于 1时，分母应加-s,因此应选Ao（2004年河北省中考试题）Nine pounds a week? That's very good.A. hundred ofB. hundreds ofC. hundredsD. hundred答案：Do该题考查的是数词的用法。Nine hundred是一个具体的数量，这是数词不能用复 数形式，后面也不能加of。所以应选D.2. （2004年北京市海淀区中考试题）We often have sports after class, and I like to play basketball.A. a B. an C. the D.不填答案：Do该题考查的是冠词的用法。球类运动之前不加冠词，因此应选De（2004年江西省中考试题）This is song I've told you about. Isn't it beautiful one?A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the答案：Co该题考查的是冠词的用法。第一个空是特指，特指我给你说过的那首歌，第二个空是表示某一个类别。所以应选Co【中考演练】一.单项填空1. Thismorninglhad egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast.A. an B. a C. the D./2. What's the matter with you?I caught bad cold and had to stay in.A. a;/ B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the3. Haveyou seen pen? I left it here this morning.Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a4. sun is shining brightly.A. A B. An C.The D. /3. There is"h” in the word hour.A. a B. the C. an D./4. Did you enjoy your stay in Xian?Yes. I had wonderful time.A. a B. an C. the D. /7.sun is bigger than earth.A. A; the B. A;an C.The;an D. The; the8. There is apple and some pears on the table.A. the B./ C. a D. an9. David has cat. It's very nice.A. a B. an C. the D./10. I'm reading novel. It is interesting story.A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /;an11. It is said that SARS has killed more than people worldwide.A. three hundreds B. three hundreds'C. three hundred's D. three hundred12. How many workers are there in your factory?There are two.A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of13. Which is the smallest number of the four?A. Two-thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths14. What do you think of a war, Li Ming?I've no idea. But it's a fact that people had to leave their hometown during theWar on Iraq.A. three thousandsB. thousand ofC. thousands ofD. several thousands15. We all think that the century will bring us more hopes.A. twenty-firstB. twentieth-firstC. twenty-oneD. twentieth-one16. Can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?-一Yes, it is.A. 856620 B. 85626 C. 58662 D.5862617. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on.A. Julyl, 1921B. October 1,1949C.August 1,1927 D. May 1, 192218.1 was 8 years old when my father was 31. This year my father is twice my age. How old amA.21 B.22 C.23 D. 2419 .Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics.A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of20 . Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a one.A. three B. third C. forth D. /二.句子改错：下面各句A, B, C, D中有一处错误，请指出并改正。1. May is a fifth month of the year. ABCDThe film has been on fbr half a hour.ABCDThe boys and the girls often play the foot ball in the afternoon. AB C2. It looks rain. Why not take a umbrella with you? AB CDLi Mei often gives us some good information by the e-mail. ABC3. We've planted two hundreds trees in the centre ofour city thisyear. ABD4. Five million of dollars is a lot of money. ABCDThere are thousand of children in the park now. A BC D5. By the end of twenty century, the world population had passed six billion.AB1（）. Over three fifth of the world's books and newspapers are written in English.ABCD【练习答案】一. LA2.A3.D4c5.C6A7.D8.D9.A 10.A11.D 12.B 13.C 14.C15.A 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D20.B22. l.Ba-*the2.Da-*an3.Cthe4.Ca-*an 5.D 去掉 the 6. B two hundreds-* two hundred7.B 去掉 of 8. B thousandthousands 9. B twenty-* twentieth 10. A three fifth-* three fifths中考作文：常见错别字详解注：括号内为正确的字1、按（安Gn）装按（dn）:按压考察、核对 兵不动、部就班2、甘败（拜）下风甘拜下风：佩服别人，自认不如。3、自抱（暴）自弃自暴自弃：自己甘心落后，不求上进。暴，糟蹋。4、针贬（硬bidn）针磋（bidn）：硬，是古代治病的石头针。比喻发现或指出错误，以求改进。5、泊（舶）来品舶来品：旧时指进口的货物，用船舶运进。6、脉博（搏）搏：搏斗，对打。拼、肉扑上去抓。斗、击跳动。脉博：博取，取得。聊笑古代的一种棋戏，后来泛指赌博。（量）多，丰富。地大物通晓。古通今 闻强识（zhi）:见闻广博，记忆力强。（=博闻强记）7、松驰（弛）8、一愁（筹）莫展 一筹莫展：一点计策也施展不出，一点办法也想不出。筹，计策、办法。9、穿（川）流不息川流不息：（行人、车马等）像水流一样连续不断。10、精萃（粹）萃：聚集。荟聚在一起的人或物。出类拔粹：纯粹。白精华。精11、重迭（叠）迭：轮流，替换。更屡次。挫强敌花样出高潮起叠：一层加上一层，重复。重、石为山折叠叠床架屋：床上架床，屋上加屋。比喻 重复累赘。12、渡（度）假村度：过（指时间）。光阴虚、假村渡：由这一岸到另一岸，通过（江、河等）。横、过难关载运过河。船13、防（妨）碍14、幅（辐）射幅：布匹的宽度。单泛指宽度。度、员、振量词，用于布“、呢绒、图画等，-辐：车条。辐转（fu Cdu）:人或物像车辐集中于车毂一样聚集。（=辐凑）射15、一幅（副）对联副（伯）：辅助的，居第二位的。班长、食品附带的。业、作用。符合。名其实量词，用于成套的东西。一手套、对联；用于表情。一笑脸16、天翻地复（覆）17、言简意骇（赅）赅（gai）：兼，包括。举一百、以偏全完备，全.言简意骇（hM）:惊吓，震惊。惊涛浪、骇人听闻（使人听了非常吃惊。多指社会上发生的坏事。）骸（hdi）:骸骨。四肢百借指身体。放浪形18、气慨（概）19、一股（鼓）作气21、粗旷（犷）粗犷（guing）:粗野、粗鲁。豪放。旷（kuang）:空旷、开阔。22、食不裹（果）腹食不果腹：果，充实，饱。指吃不饱肚子。形容生活贫困。23、震憾（撼）震撼：震动，摇撼。 憾：失望、不满足。24、凑和（合）25、侯（候）车室侯：hbu闽侯，地名在福建。h6u封建爵位。公泛指达官贵人。门似海候：等待。车。问好。问。时节。时、气、鸟古代五天为一候。温情况。征、火。26、迫不急（及）待迫不及待：急迫得不能等待，形容心情急切。27、既（即）使既往：以往。继往开来：继承前人的事业，并为将来开辟路。29、草管（菅）人命草菅人命：把人命看得和野草一样，指任意残杀人民。首，野草。30、娇（矫）揉造作矫揉造作：形容过分做作，极不自然。矫jido矫情（jido qing）指强词夺理，无理取闹。J适。矫正。枉过正（纠正偏差做的过了头）强壮勇武。健。假托。饰（故 意造作来掩饰）矫情（jido qing）:故意违反常情，表示与众不同。31、挖墙角（脚）32、一诺千斤（金）33、不径（胫）而走不胫而走：没有腿却能跑，形容传布迅速。胫，小腿。34、峻（竣）工峻：（山）高大。险、崇山岭。严厉。严刑法竣：完毕。工浚：jin挖深，疏通（水道）。疏xiin浚县，地名，在河南。35、不落巢（窠）臼不落窠臼（bMubkOjiS）:比喻文章或艺术等有独创风格，不落俗套。36、炫（脍）炙人口脍炙（kuaizhi）人口:美味人人都爱吃，比喻好的诗文或事物，人人都称赞。炙，烤熟的肉。