专题08阅读理解七选五-2022年高考真题和模拟题英语分项汇编（解析版）.docx

专题08阅读理解七选五一、2022年高考真题1. （2022年全国甲卷）Important Things to Know When Dining OutCultural dining etiquette （礼节）might surprise you with some of its important rules. 36 Knowingsome tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family - no matter where you are in the world.Chopstick RulesThe way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.37.Hands or Utensils （餐具）In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 38. instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touchany food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.Making Requests39. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like theirseasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 40. the more comfortable youUl begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.A. The more friends you make in your lifetimeThe more time you spend in any given countryB. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensilsDon't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurantC. It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plateE Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use themG. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal【语篇导读】本文介绍了不同国家的餐桌礼仪。36.【答案】D.【答案】D【解析】根据段落标题“Pick the most important可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive.（把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上）”说明要挑选一些有趣 的和富有成效的事情去做，D项中的“what is meaningful in your life”与标题中的“the most important”一致， 下文是对“Make choices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选D。12 .【答案】C【解析 1 上文“Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.（许多人疯狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间户说明许多人想要弄清楚在 生活中如何分配好时间，下文“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.（找到一种结合的方式来享受它 们厂说明可以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C项“不 要试图在它们之间平衡时间”符合语境。故选C。13 .【答案】B【解析】空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.（你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你节 省出做日常事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方法广 可推断，本段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做有效 的学习者。因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题，故选B。14 .【答案】G【解析】下文“Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.（每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利， 累积起来就是一个大的胜利户说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项“这 就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The world wont come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining （改进）toward a happy productive existence在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步，不断 改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在厂解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选Go二、2022届模拟题Passage 1 （2022.湖南湘潭.三模）How to Respond when Someone Judges YouDealing with judgment from other people can be tough, especially when it's coming from a friend, family member, or colleague. Judgmental people are unavoidable, but you can easily deal with their criticism using positivity and compassion.Rid yourself of the judgment. Remember that a judgmental person's words are a reflection of their own beliefs-and not yours. Critical people criticize themselves more than anyone else. 1.Be sympathetic. Practice sympathy to understand the source of this person's judgment. It could be that they were judged by parents, family, or friends, in which case this person's critical attitude would be something they learned(and not necessarily intentional). While that doesn't excuse their behavior, having sympathy can inform your response. Say things like "2 J or "I see where you're coming from, but." when you respond tosomeone's judgment.Ask for clarification. 3, Ask this person to explain what they said, and find out their motivation forsaying it. You could ask then, “What are you trying to say? If you have constructive criticism, I'm open to hearing it.” That way, you're giving the other person a gentle reminder to phrase their words constructively.4. Be polite but firm when you call out judgmental people. If somebody crosses a line and makesyou feel criticized, tell them how you feel. If someone is giving you criticism you didn't ask fbr, you could say, “5. and I have a plan that works for me.”A. Stop talking like thisSet boundaries in the conversationC , I understand why you feel that wayI feel like I need to deal with this in my wayD. I know you want to talk but this is a sensitive subject for meJudgmental people may not know they're being rude or unreasonableE. So the judgment they pass isn't actually about you, though it can feel personal【解析】这是一篇说明文。处理来自他人的判断可能会很困难，尤其是来自朋友、家人或同事的判断。爱 评头论足的人是不可避免的，但你可以用积极的态度和同情心轻松地应对他们的批评。文章主要说明了一 些应对他人批评的方法。1 .【答案】G【解析】 根据上文“Rid yourself of the judgment. Remember that a judgmental person's words are a reflection of their own beliefs-and not yours. Critical people criticize themselves more than anyone else.“可知， 上文提至Ll“爱if比评的人批评自己多于批评别人。故本句与上文构成因果关系，指出爱批评的人实际上针对的是谁，故G选 项“所以他们的评判实际上不是针对你的，尽管它可能会让人觉得是针对你的"符合语境，故选G。2 .【答案】C【解析】 根据上文“While that doesn't excuse their behavior, having sympathy can inform your response4虽然这 不能成为他们行为的借口，但同情可以让你的反应更有意义）”以及后文“I see where you9re coming from, but（我明白你的意思，但是户可知I,本句是在列举表达同情的话语，故C选项“我理解你为什么这么 想”符合语境，故选C。3 .【答案】F【解析】 根据后文“Ask this person to explain what they said, and find out their motivation fbr saying it. You could ask then, "What are you trying to say? If you have constructive criticism, I'm open to hearing it." That way, you're giving the other person a gentle reminder to phrase their words constructively.（请这个人解释他们说了 什么，并找 出他们这么说的动机。你可以问：“你想说什么？如果你有建设性的批评意见，我愿意听取。”这样，你就给 了对方一个温和的提醒，让他们用建设性的方式来表达）“可知，后文主要说明了通过建设性的方式来表达给 对方的提醒，说明爱评头论足的人要靠他人来提醒自己的无礼。故F选项“爱评头论足的人可能不知道自己 很粗鲁或不讲理”符合语境，故选F。4 .【答案】B【解析】 根据后文“Be polite but firm when you call out judgmental people. If somebody crosses a line and makes you feel criticized, tell them how you feel.”可知，后文列举的情景说明在对话中要设定一些界限，B选项中 boundaries对应后文中line。故B选项“在对话中设定界限”符合语境，故选B。5 .【答案】D【解析】根据上文“If someone is giving you criticism you didn't ask for, you could say（如果有人在你没有要求的 情况下批评你，你可以说）”以及后文“and I have a plan that works for me.（我有一个适合我的计划户可知，本句 是在列举对待别人批评的话语，结合后文可知与自我处理事情的方式有关，故D选项“我觉得我需要用我自 己的方式来处理这件事”符合语境，故选D。Passage 2 （2022四川石室中学模拟预测）Have you ever done something that you didn't really want to do, just because other people were doing it? 6. When we do this, we're not being true to ourselves.What is being true to yourself?Being true to yourself means listening to your own thoughts and feelings. 7, then being true to yourself might mean saying no to friends who want you to play. Or if there 9s a game that your friends are doing that you don't enjoy, then being true to yourself might mean doing something else instead. Being true to yourself is when your actions match how you really feel.8When we keep doing things we don't like and ignore our thoughts and feelings, it can make us feel uncomfortable, worried or sad. Naomi Richards, a children's life coach said, "Children need to be aware of who they are. If children have this self- awareness then they are more likely not to compromise when they are with other people. 9, and they will have healthy self-esteem" Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself.How can I be true to myself?10、and being ok with saying no. Richards explains, "You can be true to yourself by learning how tosay 'no' and sticking by your beliefs/9 However, she adds that being true to yourself is also about being honest with yourself and what you want and need.A. If you're free and have nothing to doAll of us feel pressure to fit in at timesB. When do you need to be true to yourself?C. Why is it important to be true to yourself?D. If you want some time alone, to relax or read a bookThey won't be influenced to do things they know are wrongE. One part of being true to yourself is in how you speak to other people【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了什么是忠于内心，其重要性，以及如何忠于内心。6 .【答案】B解析根据上文“Have you ever done something that you didn't really want to do, just because other people were doing it?”（你曾经做过一件你不想做的事，只是因为别人在做？）和下文“When we do this, we9re not being true to ourselves."可知，空处讲的是我们有时候会迫于压力做事情。B. All of us feel pressure to fit in at times.（我 们每个人都有适应的压力。）承上启下，故选B。7 .【答案】E【解析 1 根据下文“then being true to yourself might mean saying no to friends who want you to play,”可知,此空 讲的是不想和朋友玩游戏，E. If you want some time alone, to relax or read a book （如果你想一个人呆会儿， 放松一下或者读本书）引起下文，符合段意，故选E。8 .【答案】D【解析】 根据下文“When we keep doing things we don't like and ignore our thoughts and feelings, it can make us feel uncomfortable, worried or sad.”可知，本段主要讲述对自己诚实的重要性。D. Why is it important to be true to yourself?（为什么对自己诚实很重要？）符合本段主旨，故选D。9 .【答案】F【解析】 根据上文“If children have this self- awareness then they are more likely not to compromise when they are with other people.“可知，下文讲的是孩子的自我意识强。F. They won't be influenced to do things they know are wrong （他们不会受影响去做他们知道是错的事情）承接上文文意，故选F。10 .【答案】G【解析】根据小标题“How can I be true to myself?”可知，本段主要意思是对自己诚实。根据下文“and being ok with saying no."（也不介意拒绝别人。）可知，此空讲的是对自己诚实的方法。G.One part of being true to yourself is in how you speak to other people（对自己真实的一部分是你对别人说话的方式）承上启下，故选G。Passage 3 （2022黑龙江齐齐哈尔二模）We all know at least one person shows confidence and grace （优雅）without working at it. 11. makesure to avoid the following common body-language errors.Slouching （佝背）Slouching is a huge no-no. 12 It may be caused by our habit of sitting in front of computers for longperiods, but as soon as you get up from your chair, it's time to straighten out that back. Try squaring out your chest slightly while keeping your shoulders back.Weak HandshakingIt's programmed in our. minds to consider somebody with a weak handshake as untrustworthy. Unfortunately, there's no way around ityou either have a firm handshake and appear trustworthy or you don't. It's not a good idea to have a crushing （太用力的）handshake, either.13Rolling Your EyesThis is the classic way of showing discomfort or anger. 14, but your partner will definitely feeloffended by your way of letting them know what they said isn't worth a second thought.Leaning （倾斜）Back15. It shows that you're not threatening. However, there's a fine line between leaning back right andleaning back wrong. If done incorrectly, you'll appear to be uninterested in what your partner has to say. It's betterto play it safe and keep a straight back.A. So try to stand straightIf you want your body to make the same impressionB. Sitting backward a bit can be good for your conversationAll cultures are different in terms of proper social conductC. But it's one of the most commonly made body- language errorsIt can feel good to respond to a silly statement by rolling your eyesD. You can respond with similar amount of pressure that your shaking partner gives【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是一些错误的肢体语言和纠正方法。11 .【答案】B【解析】空格前说"We all know at least one person shows confidence and grace （优雅）without working at it.（我们 都知道，至少有一个人不用努力就能表现出自信和优雅）”，空格后说“make sure to avoid the following common body-language errors.（一定要避免以下常见的肢体语言错误广，这说明空格处应说如果你也想像人家那样就按 照下面的做，B选项承上启下，说明如果想让自己也和别人一样优雅就要避免以下常见的肢体语言错误，因 此B选项符合语境。故选B。12 .【答案】E【解析】空格前说“Slouching is a huge no-no.（佝背是绝对不可以的广，空格后说“It may be caused by our habit of sitting in front of computers for long periods, but as soon as you get up from your chair, ifs time to straighten out that back.（这可能是由于我们长时间坐在电脑前的习惯造成的，但一旦你从椅子上站起来，就该把背部拉 直了广，空格处应说明佝背非常常见，接下来空格后解释原因，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境。故选E。 13.【答案】G【解析】空格前说"It's not a good idea to have a crushing （太用力的）handshake, either.（握手时用力过猛也不是 个好主意广，空格处应说正确的握手应该是怎么做，G选项说明了握手的正确的力度，因此G选项承上启 下，符合语境。故选G。14 .【答案】FC【解析】本段主题句是“Rolling Your Eyes（翻白眼）”，空格后说“but your partner will definitely feel offended by your way of letting them know what they said isn't worth a second thought.（但你的同伴肯定会因为你让他们矢口 道他们说的话不值得再想而感到被冒犯）"，but表转折，因此空格处要说的是和“feel offended”相反的内容, F选项表示的内容和空格后的相反，翻白眼只是让自己感觉好，但是却给他人会有不好的感觉，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境。故选F。15 .【答案】【解析】空格后说“It shows that you9re not threatening.（这表明你没有威胁性广，因此空格处应提到一种让你 看起来不那么有威胁性的动作，C选项描述的往后坐的动作会让人看起来不那么有威胁性，且其中的“Sitting backward”和小标题的“Leaning （倾斜）Back”相呼应，因此C选项引起下文，符合语境。故选C。Passage 4 （2022贵州一模）If you're a chronic procrastinator （慢性拖延者），you9re familiar with the pain and stress that goes hand in hand with leaving things to the last minute. Even if you want to accomplish or finish a task, you're probably having trouble getting started in the first place! 16.Start your day with the hardest tasks. Make yourself a plan in the morning and pick the hardest task first. You'll be most energized in the morning once you've eaten breakfast and woken up fully. 17, You'll feelbetter once it's done, and then you can move on to a few easier tasks fbr the rest of the day.18. It can be astonishing to think about finishing a whole essay or getting through an entire week'sworth of tasks. Instead of thinking about everything you have to do like one big bairier, break it all down into tiny pieces. You,ll be able to get started on the smallest crumb and go forward from there.Tackle your most important task fbr 15 minutes. Instead of thinking about the total number of hours you're about to work for, just start. 19 This will deal with the fear factor, and you'll likely spend much longerthan 15 minutes on your task before you stop working again.Promise yourself you'11 get a reward when it's done. You're probably scared of the next however many hours you need to finish this task. Just tell yourself that when it's over, you get to celebrate with one of your favorite things. 20Write a to-do list to set goals first.A. Break tasks down into small parts.B. There are several ways that can help you.C. Stop punishing yourself for procrastinating.D. Tell yourself you've only got to do it fbr 15 minutes.E. Handle your hardest thing on your schedule right then.F. Use that expectation to push yourself through the pain.【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助克服拖延症的方法。16 .【答案】C【解析】根据上文“If you're a chronic procrastinator （慢性拖延者）,you're familiar with the pain and stress that goes hand in hand with leaving things to the last minute. Even if you want to accomplish or finish a task, you're probably having trouble getting started in the first place!（如果你是一个慢性拖延症患者，你很熟悉把事情拖到 最后一分钟所带来的痛苦和压力。即使你想完成或完成一项任务，你可能一开始就有困难！厂和下文提到的 具体解决方法可知，空处承上启下，说明有办法可以帮助克服拖延症。C项符合语境。故选C。17 .【答案】F【解析】根据段落主题句“Start your day with the hardes