美国人力资源管理—福利管理-教学课件12.ppt

GLOBAL EMPLOYEE BENEFITS AT A GLANCEChapter 12McGraw-Hill/IrwinCopyright 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.LEARNING OBJECTIVESDifferences between benefits in the US and around the worldPaid time-off benefits in various continents and countriesProtection benefits such as retirement,health care,and social security in various continents and countriesLegal and regulatory influences on employee benefits practicesOther practices that distinguish countries benefits programsThe World Is Flat?According to Thomas Friedman in his best seller,The World Is Flat,recent technological globalization has increased the“interconnectedness”between economies in various parts of the world.This means that that U.S.economy must become more globally-agile and with it U.S.companies must employ H.R.professional who can navigate and understand legal and compliance issues within the global context and specifically,within the countries where their company has established a economic presence.NORTH AMERICA-NAFTANAFTA(North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement)allowed trade and investment flows to sky rocket in North America,with International Monetary fund estimating that trade tripled between Mexico,Canada,and the US between 1993 and 2002.The labor side of NAFTA is the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation(NAALC)and was created in order to promote cooperation between trade unions and social organizations in order to champion improved labor conditions CANADAThe basic rule of Canadian law holds that labor and employment law fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the provinces 8 and 9 annual paid holidays;2 weeks paid vacation 2 state pension plans,one for Quebec residents only and one for the rest of Canada Medical and basic hospital care paid for by provincial medical insurance plans with compulsory coverage for all residents Per capita expenditure for health in 2006 was$3,672.MEXICO Paid time-off during public holidays or double time pay 6 weeks leave prior to giving birth and 6 weeks leave after birth on full salary Social security programs in Mexico are administered by the Mexican Social Security Institute Medical services provided directly to patients through the health facilities of the Mexican Social Security Institute Mexico is a federal republic and Mexican labor law is based on the Mexican Federal Labor Law.SOUTH AMERICAAccording to the International Monetary Fund,Brazil,Argentina,Columbia,and Chile are the largest economies in South America.Other countries are experiencing economic development as well.The two largest trade blocks merged in 2004 into The South American Community of Nations which plans to model itself after the European Union.BrazilBrazil is a federal republic with a 100.9 million-strong workforce and a per capita GDP of$10,100.It is the strongest economy in South America.Consolidation of Labor Laws highly regulates employment practicesAlthough theoretically employees are protected by principal of continuity,employers discharge employees arbitrarily because of the substantial supply of ready workers willing to accept lower payBrazilian labor law stipulates a 30 day paid annual vacation with a 1/3 month bonus as well as a paid 120 day maternity leave.Comprehensive social security benefits for all workersPensions are provided for industry,government,and the self-employed.Voluntary coverage is offered for students,housewives,and the unemployed.Employers are required to contribute 20%of their payroll with no maximum monthly earnings.Medical services are provided directly to patients in rural and urban areas through the Unified Health System ARGENTINA 14 days of paid annual vacation;more with over 5 years of seniority Also entitled to 3-6 months of sick leave based on seniority Maternity leave for 45 days before birth and 45 days after birth There is a mandatory retirement and pension system(both employer and employee pay 11%covered earnings)Employee health insurance mandated by statute The CIA Factbook reports that Argentina,a democratic republic,enjoys a high education level and rich natural resources.With a current GDP of$14,500 and a labor force of 16.27 million,Argentina has experienced a rebound in economic growth since a downturn in the 1990s.Recently,the government nationalized private pension funds.European UnionUnique international organization hoping to elevate participating European countries to become an economic powerhouseLimited authority in employment matters;member states must give employees a written employment documentLabor law was designed with the aim of ensuring that the creation of the Single Market did not result in a lowering of labor standards or distortions in competition The concept of“employment at will”does not exist in the EU as in the United States FRANCE 5 weeks paid leave after one year of employment Social security benefits granted to employees contain three components:health insurance,unemployment insurance,and retirement insurance Organization of medical services for employees is the responsibility of the employer Employees must be informed in writing regarding the terms and conditions of their employment(or changes regarding the same)As a democratic republic,Frances GDP is$32,700 and its labor force is 28.5 million strong.France is moving to an economic model with less government control and intervention in large,French companies.GERMANY4 weeks paid vacation;cannot be required to work on holidaysStatutory pension system analogous to the Social Security system in the United States German laws stipulate guidelines for minimal health welfare of workers Germany is a federal republic with the 5th largest economy in the world(GDP is$44,800)per CIA Factbook with a workforce of 43.2 million workers.Germany has suffered high unemployment rates and has recently been pushing for labor reform regarding women and the older worker.The German Civil Code provides numerous statutes which deal with individual employment as well as collective bargaining agreements.SPAIN Statute of Workers defines the employer/employee relationship Guaranteed 30 days of paid time off each year Leave of absence for up to 3 years from birth Workers comp is covered under the pension system.Pension funds are regulated under the Social Security system Medical services provided to patients directly through the National Health Management Institute According to the CIA Factbook,Spain has a parliamentary monarchy and a mixed capitalistic system.The current GDP is$34,600 and the workforce size is 2.1 million.United Kingdom 4 weeks paid annual leave including holidays Employers can recover specific employee sick leave costs when conditions of the National Insurance Contributions Act are met 26 weeks maternity,which may not begin prior to 11 weeks before birth All employees with the requisite National Insurance Contributions are entitled to basic state pension Workers Comp is also required Medical services are provided by the National Health Service The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with a labor force of 31.2 million and a per capita GDP of$46,600.Most recently,the Labor government instituted the Employment Relations Act of 1999.Generally the employer/employee relationship has few governmental restrictions.THE NETHERLANDSThe Employment Agreement Act provides specific rules for the employment relationship.Paid leave for works council dutiesPregnancy and childbirth leave of 16 weeks with full pay Social security system employee and national insurance and social assistance schemesHealth benefits are provided between the insurer and the insured.State Old Age Pensions Act provides old age benefits The Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy with Per capital GDP of$41,300 and 7.5 million workers.ITALYThe Civil Code enacted in 1942 and a legislatively implemented EU Directive covers employment Employees entitled to 3 to 5 weeks of paid vacation For Illness or accidents employees receive full pay for 1 month and pay for the following 2 monthsPaid maternity leave-mandatory 2 months before birth and 3 months after birth Two types of pension plans:compulsory and complementary The republic of Italy has a diversified industrial and agricultural economy.The GDP per capita is$31,000 and the labor force is 25.09 million strong.POLANDPoland is an example of a republic with a growing economy.It has a labor force of almost 17 million and a per capita GDP of$17,300.The employment relationship is contained in the Polish Labor Code and benefits are provided under a new Constitution.20 days paid vacation if less than 10 years of service;26 days if 10+All employees entitled to 18-20 weeks of maternity leave;with additional unpaid leave as wellThree-pillar system of pensions Medical services are provided directly to patients by private health care providers under contract to the National Health Fund SWEDEN 1600 hours work year shortest in the world 14 weeks of maternity leave (80%wages)Two statutory pension plans Workers medical benefits include free medical&dental children to age 20;per capita limit per individual per year of 1,800 kronorThe CIA Factbook reports that Swedens constitutional monarchy characterized by capitalism with extensive social welfare benefits has a labor force of almost 5 million and a per capita GDP of$38,500.RUSSIA 28 days paid leave Everyone guaranteed social insurance Government pensions are paid out of a federal budget Compulsory medical insurance covers medical services provided directly to patients by public and private health providers The Federation of Russia has a labor force of 75.7 million and a per capita GDP of$15,800.The Constitution of the Russian Federation PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA PRC Labor Law was established in 1995 establishes individual work contracts Medical benefits are determined by age and length of service;home leave is granted for employees working far from home Pension characterized by social insurance and mandatory individual accounts Under a unified medical insurance system,health insurance consists of both Pooled Fund and Personal Accounts China is experiencing rapid economic growth while shifting from a centralized to a more market-oriented economy.The GDP has been growing at a rate of 10%per year for the labor force of 807.7 million workers with a current GDP of$6,000.Hong Kong Hong Kong became a limited democracy under Peoples Republic of China rule beginning July 1,1997.Although the labor force is relatively small(3.6 million);the GDP exceeds the four largest EU economies.The governing constitution is known as the Basic Law,the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has the authority to make employment laws and the Employment Ordinance provides minimum labor standards.Employees whose length of service is over one year are entitled to up to 14 days of paid leave.Public institutions observe additional holidays as well.Employees get 80%of their pay for regular sick days and there is a provision for sick leave accrual.Maternity leave is 10 weeks at 80%pay.Workers compensation exists for on-the-job injuries.Universal old age and disability pensions,mandatory occupational benefits,and social assistance systems are key elements of retirement protection.Free medical care in public hospitals is available for qualified social assistance participants.JAPANAnnual paid leave begins at 10 days and caps at 20 days per year based on length of serviceMaternity and family leave systems are based upon both the individual employment contract and nationally-provided employment insurance benefitsPensions are provided for all residents with additional benefits for the employedThe national health insurance plan covers medical care and treatment typically contracted with the insurance carrier.Cost sharing is based on age and there is no benefit duration limit.Japan is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government,a labor force of 66.15 million and a per capita GDP of$34,200.The employment relationship is based on the traditional notion of freedom of contract;however,some basic employment provisions exist in the Civil Code of 1896 which has been recently updated with laws regarding all aspects of the employer-employee relationship.SOUTH KOREA10 days paid leave for full time employeesFemale employees are entitled to maternity leave and are compensated by an unemployment fundSick leave is required only for occupational injuries/accidentsPensions cover most workers;both the employer and employee contribute to retirement benefits and employees are eligible after 20 years of serviceEmployee health insurance subscription is required at a rate of approximately 5%of annual base salary.Medical services are provided by clinics and hospitals under contract with the National Health Insurance Corporation(NHIC).South Korea is a Republic which has experienced considerable high-technology global growth.South Koreas labor force is 24.35 million and the GDP is$26,000.Many labor provisions are government-mandated and violations are treated as a criminal offense.INDIA Up to 30 days paid leave based upon number of days worked in previous year;there is no statutory maternity leave or benefit Pension-related laws passed in beginning in 1952 culminating in a 2004 law enacting old age,disability,and survivors benefits.There is also a private pension option which may be exercised instead of the government benefit.There is government-sponsored Healthcare through Employees State Insurance Corporation India is a democratic federal republic with a diverse economy.Indias work force is composed of 23.5 million individuals with a per capita GDP of only$2,800.The Directive of State Policy affects various aspects of employment.SAUDI ARABIAIslamic Sharia law 15-21 days paid vacation based on longevityEid Al-Fitr 10 day holidayMaternity leave-4 weeks before birth and 6 weeks after birth Comprehensive social insurance system covering allFull medical servicesEmployer provides living quarters and transportationThe economy is based upon oil production and export.The countrys GNP is$20,700 and the working population is 6.74 million.SOUTH AFRICA Labour Relations Act of 1995 does not distinguish between types of employment;employment contracts are dealt with on an individual basis 21 days annual leave every year plus 12 public holidays Sick leave is calculated as a percentage of normal days worked in a three year period 4 months of unpaid maternity leave State pensions are modest Numerous private medical plans South Africa is one of the more economically developed countries on the Continent.It has an active labor force of 22 million but an unemployment rate of 25.5%,a per capita GDP of$10,000 and 50%of the people live in poverty.AustraliaMost employment actions are governed by the 2005 Work Choices Act.Full time employees are entitled to 10 days paid personal time and 20 days of vacation which can roll over.Unpaid parental leave up to 52 weeks.Employers are required to make annual contributions to help support govern