英语UNIT4BODYLANGUAGE突破语法大冲关学案.docx

UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGEDiscovering Useful Structures突破。语法大冲关语法精讲动词ing形式作宾语和表语一、动词ing形式作宾语1 .作动词的宾语接动词-ing形式作宾语的常用动词（短语）有：avoid, miss, delay/put off 避免错过少延期advise, finish, practise 建议完成多练习enjoy, imagine, can't help 喜欢想象禁不住admit, deny, envy承认否定与嫉妒escape, risk, excuse逃避冒险莫原谅stand, keep, mind忍受保持不介意He admitted referring to his notes in the exam.他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。She can,t stand being looked down upon in public.她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起的感觉。Would you mind opening the window?你介意打开窗子吗？He tried to avoid answering my questions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。2 .作介词的宾语在下面的短语中，常用动词-ing形式作介词的宾语：be good at, dream of, care about, be concerned about, be interested in, feel like, insist on, think of, aim at, set about, be used to 习惯于；get down to 开始做；lead to 导致；devote oneself to 献身 于；look forward to 期待；stick to 坚持；pay attention to 注意。1 dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life.我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。He insisted on doing it in his own way.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。1, m looking forward to your coming next time.我期待着你下一次的到来。Because of the bad weather, they have to give up going out for a picnic tomorrow.因为天气不好，他们不得不放弃明天的外出野餐。3 .在以下结构中，动词ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。spend. (in) doing 花费做某事have difficulty/trouble (in)doing.做有困难/麻烦stop/prevent. (from)doing 阻止做某事waste time (in)doing浪费时间做某事be busy (in)doing忙于做某事have a good/hard time (in)doing高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事There is no point (in)doing 做某事毫无意义He is always busy working every day, which has made him have little time to play with his child.他每天总是忙于工作，这使他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。There is no point giving him such a good chance.给他提供这样一个好机会没有意义。即学即练1单句语法填空I'm looking forward to hearing (hear)from you.H。 devotes himself to looking (look)into the matter.She likes spending much money buying (buy)clothes for herself.4 .动词ing形式作宾语时的几个特殊情况(1)动词ing的复合结构。名词(宾格)/名词's所有格> +动词-ing代词(宾格)/形容词性物主代词JWould you mind my/me eating the cake?你介意我吃这块蛋糕吗？Would you mind Mary' s/Mary driving the bike?你介意玛丽骑自行车吗？名师点津动词-ing的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词(宾格)/名词 's 所有格+ not doing. <,(2)某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词-ing作宾语。动词begin, start, continue等词后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词ing作宾语，意义 基本相同。They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest. 休息了一会后，他们继续讨论这项计划。动词love, like, hate等后可跟动词-ing和不定式作宾语，但接动词-ing表示经常 性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作。I love walking with my friend on a sunny day.（习惯）我喜欢和朋友在一个阳光明媚 的日子里散步。It is a pleasant day today, so I love to have a walk with my friend.（具体）今天是个令人愉快的日子，所以我想和朋友一起散散步。一些动词后既可跟动词-ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别。He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯。The 1ight in the office is sti11 on. He forgot to turn i t off.办公室的灯还亮着。他忘记关了。名师点津对比记忆作宾语的动词含义go on doing sth.继续做同一件事go on to do sth.接着做另一件事（forget doing slh.忘记做过某事（forget to do sth.忘记要做某事try doing slh.试着做某事try to do sth.努力做某事remember doing slh.记得做过某事remember to do sth.记住要做某事（regret doing slh.后悔做了某事regret to do sth.很遗憾要做某事mean to do.打算/意欲做mean doing.意味着做stop to do slh.停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情can't help to do.不能帮着去做can, t help doing.禁不住做They stopped to have a look at the fantastic scenery. 他们停下来，看了看这美妙绝伦的风景。They stopped working and had a rest.他们停止工作，休息了一下。用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词-ing形式。其结构如下：'useless、no user 4-doing. no goodrthink、consider 主语+ find + it+< feelJelieve ,I found it useless/no use arguing about it.我发现争论这件事没有用。Do you consider it any good trying again?你觉得再试会有用吗？(4)在动词need, require, want, deserve后，用动词-ing形式表示被动含义，即 need/require/want/deserve doing=necd/require/want/deserve to be done。These clothes need washing. =These clothes need to be washed.这些衣服需要洗。The house requires repairing. =The house requires to be repaired.这座房子需要修理。(5)在(be)worth后面只能用动词-ing形式来表示被动含义。The film is worth seeing a second time.这部电影值得再看一次。即学即练2单句语法填空I remember seeing (see)her before, but I can't remember when it was.You must remember to tell (tell)Jackson the news tonight.I didn't mean lo visit (visi t)him yesterday afternoon.©Giving up your plan means losing (lose)a large amount of money.All of us stopped talking (talk)when we saw our teacher come in.She felt thirsty, so she stopped to get (get)a drink of water.二、动词ing形式作表语1 .动名词用作表语Iler job is checking letter of credit and terms of contract.她的工作是核对信用证和合同款。That is not playing the game.这样做就不公平了。This was really carrying matters a little too far.这事做得真有点太过分了。名师点津(1)不要把作表语用的动名词和现在进行时态混淆。动名词说明主语的情况或性质，其内容在逻辑上等于主语的内容；现在分词说明动作是由主语完成的（即表示主语正在进行的动作）。His job is cleaning the classroom.（动名词短语作表语）他的工作就是打扫教室。He is cleaning the classroom.（谓语,现在进行时）他正在打扫教室。（2）动名词（短语）和不定式（短语）都能用作主语或表语，两者的区别是：表示比较抽象、一般的行为，不跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起时，多用动名词（短语）；表示具体某次行为、特别是将来的行为，往往跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起时，多用 不定式。但在多数情况下，两者差别不太大，可以互用。试比较：Our job is building houses.（经常性的般行为）我们的工作是盖房子。Our main task now is to build this house.（特定的具体某次行为）我们现在的主要任务是盖这间房子。即学即练3单句语法填空One of the good exercises is swimming（swim）.The real problem is gelting（get）to know the needs of the customers.The important thing now is to save（save）1ives.2 .现在分词用作表语现在分词作表语，总是跟在系动词之后，构成复合谓语。现在分词作表语，表示主语所 具有的特征。许多作表语的现在分词几乎已经形容词化，可以用副词修饰，也可以有比较级形式。这 类常见的现在分词有 amazing, amusing, annoying, astonishing, boring, charming 等。The development of our aviation industry is quite encouraging.我们的航空工业的发展是非常令人鼓舞的。A few pages are wanting.有几处缺页。The whole damned day had been humiliating.这一整天可坏透了，令人丢脸。名师点津（1）现在分词作表语时,系动词除be外还有appear, sound, look, become, come, get, go, grow, keep, remain, seem 等。What he says sounds more convincing.他说的话听起来更有说服力。The European scene began to look threatening again.欧洲局势再度出现危险。(2)现在分词作表语用时，相当于形容词，表示性质或状态；进行时态中的分词是谓语动 词的组成部分，表示具体的动作，两者不可混淆。The present situation is encouraging.(表语)目前的形势是令人鼓舞的。The present situeition is encouraging us to stride forward in production.(现在 进行时)目前的形势正在鼓舞我们在生产上迈步前进。The problem is quite pressing.(表语)问题很紧迫。She is pressing the button.(现在进行时)她正在按电钮。即学即练4单句语法填空The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring(inspire).The book is interesting(interest)and I'm interested in it.He remembered our names from ten years agoisn' t that just amazing(amaze)?冲关训练I.单句语法填空1. Poems which had seemed dull and boring(boro)suddenly came to life.2. The bird narrow1y escaped being shol (shoot)by the hunter.3. She looked small and gentle and altogether charming(charm).4. Do you feel like having (have)a walk with me after supper?5. My father suggested reading (read)more books in my spare time.6. To avoid being seen (see)by the teacher, Tony stole into the classroom by the back door.7. Have you considered buiIding (build)a house in the countryside?8. Some of the children are shy and they have some difficulty in making (make)friends.9. We regret to inform (inform)you that you will have to give up this chance.10. We agreed lo meet (meet)here, but so far she hasn* t turned up yet.n.完成句子i.目前形势令人惊恐。The present situation is lerrifying.2 .这个问题正在会上讨论。This question is being discussed at the meeting.3 .当这个人看完信后，他看着他的朋友。After the man finished reading the letter, he looked at his friend.4 .李明一直梦想着将来可以开始他自己的生意。future.life.Li Ming has always been dreaming of starting his own business in th5 .尽管我是一个残疾人，但我在生活中总是喜欢帮助别人。While r m a disabled man, I always enjoy helping others in my daily