高中英语外研版高中选修6Module5Cloning-高三专题复习（一）定语从句.docx

高三英语语法专题(一)定语从句【专题眺望】知能目标：正确判断使用关系代词和关系副词。 表示所有格的whose和of which之间的转换。只能用(hat引导不能用which引导的定语从句以及只能用which不用ihat引导的定语从句的特点。【知识结构】关系词的作用及类别定语从句分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词关系词有两个作用：1、引导定语从句。2、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。Anyone who breaks the law is to be punished.Those who are against the plan please sign your names here.关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。错： There are many places we can visit them in China.关系词有两类：关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。关系副词：when, where, why。m偶尔也作关系副词。, when 指时间=in / at / on /during/.+ which.where 指地点=in / at / from / .+ whichwhy 指原因=for which注意：1) .当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。(非正式场合)2) .当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。I don't like the way (that / in which / )he talks.This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.This is the reason why he was late. =This is the reason (that)he was late.关系词的选用与判断关系代词和关系副词的选用取决于先行词及它们在定语从句中的语法成份关系代词先行词在定语从句中充当的语法成份who人主语或宾语whom人宾语whose人或物定语which物主语或宾语that人或物主语或宾语as主要用于非限制性的定语从句和such.as, the same.as, asas,结构中。关系副词先行词在定语从句中充当的语法成份when表时间的名词时间状语where表地点的名词地点状语why表原因的名词原因状语that主要用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和" 介词+ which"可作关系副词确定关系词的步骤（I）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。那就是他工作的大学。r at which he works.卜 which he works at.That is the college 卜 where he works.卜 that he works at.L he works纯.（做宾语时，可省略）它出生的那一天是1952年8月20日。r on which he was bomF which he was born onThe day 卜 when he was bomwas ,1952.F that he was born onL he was born on_.（做宾语时，可省略）r why he came late is not clear. The reason 卜 which he gave is not acceptable.1- he explained is not acceptable.（做宾语时，可省略）注意定语从句中关系代词省略与保留：1） .在限制性定语从句中which, whom, that充当宾语时,可以省略。而在非限制性定语从句中whom, who, which不能省略。2） .当and, but, or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时，关系代词第一个可省略,第二、第三 个等不可省略。例如：This is the book （which） I read yesterday and which I found very interesting.这就是我昨天读的那本书，它很有趣。You have many people around you （whom） you always tum to and whom you will never forget.你身边有很多人，你经常向他们求助，你永远不要忘记他们。特殊的定语从句句型：He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.【重难点透析】,1.只能用that而不能用which引导的情况1）关系代词是 everything, anything, nothing, all, little, few, much, any, some, none, the one 等不定代词时 etc.（something作先行词时，关系代词既可用which也可用that）We should do all that is useful to the people.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday.2）先行词被 the only, the very, the just ,the same, the last, all, any, some, no, few, little, much 等修饰The only thing that we can do was to wait.You can take any scat that is free.3） .先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时When wc talk about Hangzhou, the first that came to our mind is the Westlake.4）先行词是最高级或被最高级级修饰时This is the best that we can be done now.5）先行词既有人又有物The director and his movie that you have just talked about is really popular.6）先行词是由数词而形成的代词In face there are four of them. The two that you could see now survived the fire.7）主句是there be结构He asks for a book（that） there is on the subject.（现有的。）1 must make full use of the tiinc（that） there is left to mc.（我要充分利用我的剩余时）8)在双重从句中，其一已经用了which,另一个用thatHe built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.9)先行词是主句表语，或关系词本身是从句表语China is no longer ihe couniry that it (what it )used to be.He has changed a lot ;he is not the man that (who)he was.10)主语是who/which开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复Which is the car that hurt my son's leg?Who that has such a house doesn't love it?2 . whose引导的定语从句应注意以下几点：whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.It was a meeting whose importance I didn't realize at the time.I saw a tree whose leaves were black with disease.whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词的宾语，可以与介词放在先行词与从句之间。The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident.Tom, on whose bike I went to school is a friend of mine.whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但词序不同,即whose+n=the +n +of whichThe novel whose title(the title of which/of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting.He lives in the room whose window( the window of which/of which the window) faces south.3 .限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别.限定性定语从句：从句和主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意思不完整，甚至不合逻辑。例如：I was the only person in our office who was invited.我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。1) .非限定性定语从句：与先行词关系不密切，去掉从句，意思仍然完整。形式上和主句用逗号点开。 比较：My brother who is twenty years old joined the army in 2023.我那位20岁的哥哥2023年参军了。暗示不止一个哥哥。My brother, who is twenty years old , joined the army in 2023.我的哥哥2023年参军的，他今年20岁。表明他只有一个哥哥。