unit13知识点精讲精练英语九年级全一册(人教新目标版).docx
Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth.知板点讲解一、littern.垃圾 v.乱扔1、litter作名词相当于rubbish,是不可数名词。例句:There is some litter in the classroom.教室里有一些垃圾。【辨析】litter和rubbish都可指“垃圾”,用作不可数名词,但含义不同。litter指”(在公共场所乱扔的)废弃物(尤指废纸等杂物)”。例句:Pick up your litter after a picnic.野餐后将废弃物收拾好。rubbish指"(不再想要或不需要的)废弃物或垃圾"。例句:The room is full of nibbish.房间里堆满了垃圾。2、litter作动词用意为”乱扔"。例句:The floor was littered with papers.地板上乱七八糟扔了许多报纸。二、cut down削减;砍倒cut down意为"减少";是"动词+副词”结构的短语,其后接的宾语为名词时,宾语可位于down的 前面或后面,为代词时,只能位于down前面。例句:Car owners were asked to cut down travel,车主们被要求减少出行。例句:Trees are helpful to us. Don't cut them down.树对于我们有益处,不要砍伐它们。【辨析】三、cost v. & n.花费cut down砍倒;减 少People cut down many trees so a lot of animals lose their homes. 人 们砍倒了很多树,因此很多动物失去了它们的家。cut off切掉The doctor had to cut off his arm to save his life.为 了挽救他的生 命,医生不得不将他的胳膊截肢。cut out删除You can cut out the unimportant details.你可以删掉不重要的细节。cut up切碎Cut up the meat, please.请把肉切碎。cost作动词时,常用于Sth cost(s) sb some money.这一句式中。作名词时,意为"花费,价钱"。 例句:It must cost a good deal to live here.住在这里一定要花很多钱。例句:The price of coffee fell so low .咖啡的价格跌得那么低【辨析】take / spend / cost /paytake, spend, cost, pay的用法都可以表示"花费",但用法却不尽相同。1、spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构:spend time / money on sth在上花费时间(金钱)spend time / money (in) doing sth花费时间(金钱)做某事2、cosi的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示"值",常见用法如下:sih costs (sb) +金钱某物花了(某人)多少钱(doing) sth costs (sb)+时间某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间【温馨提示】cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动语态。3、take后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种:It takes sb. +时间+io do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间doing sth. takes sb. +时间做某事花了某人多少时间4> pay的基本用法是:pay (sb) money for sth付钱(给某人)买pay for sth付的钱pay for sb替案人彳寸钱pay sb付钱给某人pay money back 还钱四、.butalso.y .but also.不但而且not only .but also.意为"不但而且",其中 also 可以省略。not only.but also.是并列连词词组,可连接相同的句子成分或并列成分。连接并列主语时,句子的谓语动词应与but also后的主语的 人称和数保持一致。例J句:Not only he but also I am going to visit Beijing.吉姆还有我都打算去参观颐和园。【辨析】其他表并列的词组考查被动语态。主语"the little dog”与动词save存在被动关系;根据语境,“小狗被救”是过去发生的事情, 故此处要用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。10 . C【解析】句意:我们应该在交卷前检查几次。考查固定句式。sb be supposed lo do sth.表示“某人应该做某事”,此处是固定句型,故选C。11 . B?12. C?13. A? 14. C?15. B?16. B?17. A? 18. A? 19. C?20. A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Sharon在老师告诉她要保持环境清洁之后,到处寻找环境的故事。 II.句意:Clark小姐,她的老师,告诉她人们需要保持环境干净。open 开放的;clean 干净的;dirty 脏的。根据“It was dusty under there, but where was the environment?”可知 Sharon觉得布满灰尘的不是环境,所以推测老师告诉她要保持环境干净,故选B。12 .句意:因为是周六,所以她有大量的时间。money金钱;work匚作;time时间。根据“Because it was Saturday”可知应是有时间,故选C。13 .句意:当她下床时,她决定看看床下。under 在的下面;on 在的上面:al 在。根据“It was dusty under there, but where was the environment?可知是看了床下,故选A。14 .句意:她往外看邻居院里的树。looked back 回首;looked in 看望;looked out 往外看。根据“Sharon went to the window.”可知应是往外看, 故选C。15 .句意:她闻到一些有一点似烟的东西。felt感觉;smelt闻至II; tasted尝起来。根据"something a little smoky”可知应是闻到,故选B0.句意:如果她想要找到它,她最好赶快。so所以;if如果:though尽管。结合备选项可知应是如果想要找到它,条件状语从句,故选B。16 .句意:你曾经怎样找到它?found找到,过去式和过去分词;find原形;finding动名词。根据“have”可知句子时态为现在完成时,其谓 语结构为“have/has+done”,故选A。17 .句意:你是寻找环境的第一人。first 第一;last 最后的;early 早的。根据"It's strange''和"The environment seems to be almost everywhere,“可 知Herman认为几乎处处都是环境,Sharon却在找环境,所以猜测Herman认为Sharon是第一个找环境的 人,故选A。18 .句意:现在它在哪里?what 什么;how 怎样:where 在哪里。根据"he environment is just about everywhere you look”可知此处询问 地点,故选C。19 .句意:事实上,它是我们周围的一切。everything 一切;nothing 没有什么事;something 某事。根据"The environment is the air, the water and the soil.” 和常识可知环境应是我们周围的一切,故选A。20 . C?22. C?23. B?24. A?25. D【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了纸袋子和塑料袋子到底哪个对环境的危害更大。21 .推理判断题。根据后文可知,第一段的问题目的在于引出下文。选项C”展示文章将会讨论什么”符合 题意。故选C。22 .细节理解题。根据“And the influence on forests is more serious.”可知,纸袋子相对塑料袋子来说,对森 林的影响更为严重。故选C。23 . 词句猜测题。 根据“As for recycling, some people believe that paper bags more environment-friendly than plastic ones. However, this idea can be quickly discarded. Research shows the opposite is irue.“可知,一些人认为, 纸袋子相对塑料袋子在回收时对环境更为友好,然而,研究显示事实刚好相反,所以,这种观点很快被抛 弃。故选Bo.细节理解题。根据"In Ireland, people have to pay 22 cents for every plastic bag, and as a result, their use has dropped quickly.”可知,在爱尔兰,人们必须付22美分来购买每个塑料袋,结果,塑料袋的使用大幅降低。 由此可知,爱尔兰是通过让人们为塑料袋付费来减少塑料袋的使用的。故选A。24 .推理判断题。根据“It seems wise to reuse these bags.“可知,作者认为重复使用袋子是明智的选择,由此 可推测出,作者最想在超市听到的问题是“新袋子还是您自己的袋子?故选D。25 . B?27. C?28. B?29. D?30. C【解析】本文介绍Raden发明了移动图书馆服务,让孩子们用垃圾换图书,既保护了环境,又帮助了孩子 们。26 .词句猜测题。根据“As we all know, too much trash is a big problem for our environment."以及"There, ch?Idren line up to exchange plastic cups, bags and other trash fbr books from Raden's mobile library. After finishing the exchange, Raden carries back all the trash.”可知,孩了们排队用塑料杯、塑料袋和其他垃圾换取 流动图书馆的书籍,完成交换后,Raden会把所有的垃圾运回。此处trash的意思是“垃圾",和rubbish同 义。故选B。27 .细节理解题。根据“Raden Roro Hendarti, nearly 50 years old, is a librarian in Muntang village”可知 Raden 在图书馆里工作,故选C。28 .细节理解题。根据"Each weekday, Raden puts all kinds of books on the back of her three-whoceler (三轮车) and rides to Muntang village.”可知她如书放在她的三轮车上排在第一位,她骑车去Muntang村排在第二位: 根据"There, ch?ldren line up to exchange plastic cups, bags and other trash fbr books from Raden's mobile library. After finishing the exchange, Raden carries back all the Irash.”可知孩子们排队去用垃圾换书排在第三位,她把 所有的垃圾都搬了回来排在第四位。故选.细节理解题。根据 “Raden collects about 100kg of trash each week.“可知,Raden 每周收集大约 100 公斤 垃圾,所以每个工作日大约是20公斤。故选D。29 .推理判断题。根据“Raden plans to take the mobile library service to neighboring areas as well.“可知,Raden 计划将移动图书馆服务也推广到周边地区。故选C。30 . A?32. B?33. D?34. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文说明了网络会议的好处绿色、环保、成本低。31 .细节理解题 o 根据"When the meeting is ready to begin, they must sit before their computers.”可知,当会议 准备开始时,他们必须坐在电脑前。故选A。32 .细节理解题。根据“Materia1s(材料)for ihe meeting are simply e-mailed to all the participants before it begins. Then participants can just read them on the screen.”可知,会议材料在会议开始前通过电子邮件发给所有与会 者。然后参与者可以在屏幕上阅读它们,所以“参与者不能阅读屏幕上的材料”是错误的。故选B。33 .细节理解题。根据“In a word, a Web meeting is a cheaper, greener, and friendlier way of hosting and attending a meeting”可知,网络会议是一种更便宜、更环保、更友好的主办和参加会议的方式。故选.标题归纳题。本文说明了网络会议的好处,因此C项”网络会议的好处”符合。故选C。34 . universities?36. properly?37. favourite#favorite?38. picking?39. environment?40. im possible?41. finish#complete?42. be encouragcd?43. for?44. unless#until【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和志愿者们一起清理海滩的经历及感受。35 .句意:许多大学组织了沙滩清理。根据many可知应用名词复数。故填universilies。36 .句意:他们经常和当地政府合作,妥善处理收集的垃圾。此处应用副词修饰动词deal,故填properly。37 .句意:它是我们最喜欢做的事情之一。根据语境及句意可知,此处用短语one of one's favourite things 表示“最喜欢的事情之一故填favourite/favorite。38 .句意:你也许认为捡拾垃圾听起来没有趣。此处缺主语,所以应用动名词形式。故填picking。39 .句意:海滩清理是帮助改善环境、运动和结识新人的一个好办法。根据语境及常识可知,此处应填名 词 environment"环境故填 environment0.句意:有些海滩上被那么多的垃圾覆盖着以致于打扫起来似乎不可能。根据"Some beaches are covered with so much trash”可知海滩上垃圾多,所以结合所给词推知,清理他们不可能。故填impossible。40 .句意:但是和一群忐愿者一起你可以仅在几个小时内完成。根据“Some beaches are covered with so much trash that cleaning them up might seem . (possible). But you can . the task in just a few hours with a group of volunteers.”可知前后两句具有转折关系,推知后小句几小时内能完成,此处少谓语动词,可填finish/complctco 故填 finish/completeo.句意:当你完成时,你会对结果感到鼓舞。根据语境可知,主语you和动词encourage之间是被动关 系,所以应用被动be +过去分词,因空前有will,所以应用be + encouraged。故填be encouraged。41 .句意:我们努力工作了大约两个小时,装满了 100多个垃圾袋。时间段介词用for, for about two hours”大 约两个小时”。故填for。42 .句意:像“Playa Basura”海滩上的垃圾不会结束除非人们阻止垃圾进入海洋。此处讲述的是一个条件或 时间,用unless引导条件状语从句或until引导时间状语从句。故填unless/untilo. One possible version:Hello, everyone!I'm Wang Ying, a student fiom No. 1 High School. Today I'd like to share my opinions on “Build green and beautiful hometown logelher”.As middle school students, it?s our duty to help build a green and beautiful hometown. First, we can ride bikes or walk to school if it's not far away from our homes. The more people choose the public transportation, the fewer traffic jams there will be and the cleaner the air will be. Second, we mustn't throw rubbish here and there. Wc must throw them into the dustbin. If so, our hometown will be clean and tidy. Wc will feel more comfortable, too. Third, plant more trees. Trees are important to the environment. They can make the air much fresher.We should do everything we can to protect the environment.【解析】总体解析题材:应用文;时态:一般现在时:提示:题目要求根据提示写一篇演讲稿,呼吁大家爱护环境、保护生态,建设美丽家园。写作时注意适 当增加细节,不要遗漏要点。写作步聚第一步,开篇点题,表明目的;(已给出)第二步,根据所给要点,依次介绍具体的做法,并提出自己的建议; 第三步,最后发出号召。亮点词汇far away from 离远public transportation 公共交通here and there 到处 高分句型As middle school students, it's our duty to help build a green and beautiful hometown. (it 固定句型) The more people choose the public transportation, the fewer traffic jams there will be and the cleaner the air will be.(句型“the+比较级,the+比较级”)not. but.意为"不是而是”,否定前者,肯定后者。either. or.意为”或者或者,不是就是",可连接并列主语、谓语、表语或宾语等。 当其连接并列主语时,谓语动词要和最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。当其both. and.意为"和都”,用来连接两个并列成分,比如连接两个主语、谓语或宾语等。 连接并列主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。五、take part in 参加take part in中的in为介词,后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。例句:I want to take part in your party. 我想参加你的聚会。辨析take part in/join/join in/attend should play a part in cleaning it up!lake part in指参加会议或群众性活动等,重点说明句子的主语参加该项活动,并在其中发挥作 用。join指加入某个党派、团体、组织等,如”参军、入团、入党"等。join in指参加某种活动,如"游戏"等,join in sth意为"参加某事”。attend侧重参加或出席会议、学术活动、音乐会、上课等,着重强调成为其中的听众或观 众。K、 Eve ryo ne in this towplay a part in.的意思是"在起作用",相当于play a role in.。例句:Listening plays an important part in learning English.听力在学习英语中起重要作用。七、There are other advantages of bike riding.advantage的意思是"优点;有利条件",反义词是disadvantage,意思是"缺点,不利条件"o【归纳拓展】1、have the advantage of胜过例句: I have the advantage of him in singing.我在唱歌方面条件比他优越。2> to one's advantage对某人有利的例句:To her advantage, her voice is very sweet.对她有利的是,她的声音非常甜美。八、 So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future!make a difference的意思是"有重大的影响";lead to的意思是”导致,引导"。例句:All roads lead(o Rome.条条大路通罗马。九、If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life.if引导的是条件状语从句,谓语动词使用一般现在时表示将来,主句使用一般将来时。例句: If it doesn't rain tomorrow, wc will go fishing.如果明天不下雨,我们就去钓鱼。十、So far; no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them?1、so far的意思是"到Fl前为止",主句时态使用现在完成时。2句中that引导的是宾语从句,作动词shown的宾语。be good for的意思是"对有好处"。H、Yes, we can't afford to wait any longer to take action!afford意为"承担得起(后果);买得起",afford sth.表示"承受得起某物",afford to do slh.表示" 有能力做,负担得起例1句:I don't have enough money. I can't afford the new car.我没有足够的钱。我买不起新车。十二、It's difficult for parents with young children to use public transportation.本句采用了 It is+M/.+for /of sb.to do sth.结构,It作形式主语,动词不定式作句子的真实主语。【注意】当形容词修饰动词不定式的内容时,使用介词。门当形容词修饰sb.时,使用介词。f。例句:It's very important for us to study hard.对我们来说努力学习非常重要。例句:It's kind of you to help me with my English.你太好了,帮助我学习英语。十三、be made of由制成be made of是固定词组,意为”由制成”,强调从制成品中仍可以看出它的原材料。例句:The desk is made of wood.这张桌子是由木头制成的。【辨析】be made of 与 be made frombemadeof表示由制成品仍可看出原材料,保留了原材料的质地,在制作过程中仅发生了物理变化; be made from表示制成品完全失去了原材料的外形或特征,或原材料在制作过程中发生了化学变化, 在制成品中已无法辨认。例句:The beautiful flowers were made of plastic.这些美丽的花是由塑料制成的。例句:Salt is made from sea water.盐是由海水制成的。十四、set up建立;开办I、set up建立;开办例句: They need money to set up a special school for blind children.他们需要资金为盲童开办所特别学校。2、set up也可意为"建立;设立;设置"。 例句: Two new bridges have been set up.建立了两座新桥。【拓展】setoff/out意为"动身;出发”例句:They set off at night.他们在晚上出发。十五、bring back恢复;归还;带回bring back to life使复活;给以活力例句:Once someone has died, he cannot be brought back to life.人死不能复生。【拓展】bring的相关短语:bring up抚养;呕吐 bring aboul引起;导致bring out 使显现bring in 引入bring down 减少十六、Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use?put sth.to good use 相当于 make good use of sth.,意思是"充分利用"。 例句:She tells me that we should put time to good use /make good use of time.她告诉我我们应该好好利用时间。十七、You have probably never heard of Amy Hayes,but she is a most unusual woman.1、heard是hear的过去分词,hear of的意思是"听说,了解,知道"。 【拓展】 hear from表示"收到的来信"。2 a most unusual woman表示"一位非常不同寻常的女士 " , most的意思是"非常",修饰形容词 unusual o【拓展】” the+most+多音节形容词"表示"最的",most帮助构成形容词的最高级。十八、She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish.that引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词a house, that在从句中作动词built的宾语。十九、The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that were pulled down.1、come from的意思是"来自",相当于be fronio【拓展】conic about发生:come across偶尔发现,偶遇;come along 一道来, 陪伴;come on 赶快;come out发芽,出版;come over访问;come to life 苏醒;come true 实现。2、that引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词old buildings,that在定语从句中作主语,不可以省略。 例句:This is the factory that produces noise pollution.这就是产生噪音污染的工厂。3、pull down的意思是"拆下,摧毁"。例句:Many old houses in our town were pulled down.我们城镇的很多旧房子被拆除了。二十、 Jessica Wong from Hong Kong uses old clothes that people don't wear anymore to make bags.use.to do sth.表示"使用做某事"o例句:People often use a knife to cut things.人们经常用刀来切东西。二Hb、 Not only can the art bring happiness to others,but it also shows that even cold,hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity.I、not only. bul also.的意思是"不但,而且",not only引导的句子位于句首时,使用倒装句。 例句: Not only can my sister play the piano, but also she can play the violin.我姐姐不但会弹钢琴,她也会拉小提琴。2、bring back的意思是"恢复;归还",相当于returno例句:Please bring back the books to the library.请把书归还给图书馆。二十二、现在进行正.概念:表示说话时正在进行的动作及行为或表示现阶段正在进行的动作。1 .结构:现在进行时常有三种句型:(1)肯定式:主语+be+ving+其他。(2)否定式:主语+ be+not+v-ing+其他。(3)疑问式:主要分一般疑问句和特殊疑问句两种句式。一般疑问句:Be+主语+ v-ing+其他?特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+v-ing+其他?2 .常用的时间状语有:now, at the moment, right now, these days等。在句首出现look或listen时,也可 以判断出后面的句子用现在进行时。二十三、现在完成时.概念:表示过去发生或已经发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响,可以和already, yet, jus1连用。1 .构成:助动词have / has +过去分词。2 .常用的时间状语:already, yet, just, ever, never, before; ©this morning (week» month.), today, now; up to now, till now, so far, in the past few (two, three.) years 等。3 .延续性动词与非延续性动词现在完成时中非延续性动词不可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。此时应将非延续性动词转换为延 续性动词,转换情况可见下表:非延续性动 词(短语)延续性动词 (短语)例句borrowkeepHe has been away for a week.他离开有一周了。 How long have you kepi (he book?你借这本书多长时间 了?buyhavediebe deadget (to)be (in)leavebe awaybecomebefall asleepbe asleepbeginbe ongo outbe outjoinbe a member ofput onwear【注意】在否定句中,短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。4 .现在完成时的三个固定结构:(1) have/hasbeento表示某人曾经去过某地,现在已不在某地。可以和表示次数的单词或短语连用,如 once, twice, three times 等。(2) have/has gone t。表示某人去某地了,可能在途中,也可能到了那里,总之不在说话处。(3) have/has been in表示某人在某地待了一段时间,经常与"for+一段时间"连用。二十四、被动语态主动语态变被动语态时,主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语,主动语态句中的主语成为被动语 态句中的动作的发出者。1 .基本结构:is/am/are +及物动词的过去分词.主动语态与被动语态之间的转换We visited that factory last summer. 主动语态主语谓语 宾语 状语Thatby us Tn'ummcr.被动语态2 .犀昂动词(he翡,、.see, wutqh.等)惑便役动词(make, let等)在主动句中,其后的动词不定式不带to, 但叙为被动语悲即必须使剂山。状i口make somebody do something > somebody + be + made to do somethingsee somebody do something somebody + be + seen to do something同步练习一、单项选择All of us great progress since we started Grade 9.A. makeB. madeC. will makeD. have madeThe movie Pirates of the Caribbean lzis so exciting, and.一Stop!the movie. Please don't let me know too much about the story.A. I won't watchB. Fm not watchingC. I haven't watchedWhat did the doctor say about the man's