20212022学年新教材高中英语单元素养检测五Unit5WorkingtheLand含解析新人教版选择性必修第一册.docx

单元素养检测（五）（Unit 5）（时间：120分钟满分：150分）第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳 选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅 读一遍。Text 1M: Susan, I went to Australia to see my daughter last year. I stayed there for two weeks. Have you ever been there?W: Yes, I went to Sydney four years ago, on vacation.1. When did the woman go to Australia?A. Last year. B. Two years ago. C. Four years ago. 答案：CText 2M: Honey, we have walked for a long time. Do you want to stop for supper?W: Yes, T m hungry. This restaurant nearby is very popular.M: That sounds fine.2. Where are the speakers going?A. A supermarket.B. A restaurant.C. A park.答案：BText 3W: In all, Y728 for the books, sir.M: Er, I don, t take so much cash. Can I change another way to pay for it?W: Sure, sir. You can pay by WeChat or Alipay.3. Where are the speakers?A. In a gym. B. In a bank. C. In a bookstore.答案：Cis the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.【语篇概述】本文是说明文。作者在生活中寻找减少口常活动的碳排放的方法：新型环保产 品和使用过的传统工艺生产的产品，哪一种更能减少碳的排放最。通过研究和对比，发现各 有好处。24. What is the text mainly about?A. What appliances to buy to save energy.B. What a carbon footprint means in our life.C. How to identify different carbon footprints.D. How to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要探讨了如何降低碳排放量，如何做 出一些有利于环境的正确的生活选择。25. What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint?A. It is related to our consumption of fuels.B. It is made when we are buying the products.C. It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint.D. It is counted as ours though not directly made by us.【解析】选I）。细节理解题。由第三段可知，碳的间接排放主要来自我们日常使用产品的整个 生产周期一一从产品制作到处置分解。由此可知，碳的间接排放不是我们直接产生的，但与 我们相关，我们也负有一定的责任。26. Which of the following helps reduce our ceirbon footprint according to the author? A. Using second-hand textbooks.B. Using old and expensive cars.C. Buying new but cheap clothes.D. Buying new wooden furniture.【解析施A。推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the asecondary footprintM group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production.（像盘碟、衣服和家具归为第二级碳 足迹类型，因此本着“少就是多”的原则，我们可以专注于找些旧的物品来避免增加生产。）, 可以推断出using second-hand textbooks（使用二手课本），有助于减少我们的碳排放量。27. “The footprintw underlined in the last sentence refers to the CO2 produced inA. using the productB. recycling the productC. making the productD. transporting the product【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句中的the footprint the product will make once it gets to you,产品到达你的手上产生的“碳排放”，因此此处指的是使用过 程中所产生的碳排放。CAt schools across the United States, students often sit down for lunches made from processed foods that are high in fat and sugar. But kids at Public School (P. S. ) 216 in Brooklyn have a different dining experience. Principal Donna Neglia reports that her students love eating frosh fruit and vegetables.P. S. 216 took part in the Edible Schoolyard Project, a program founded by Chef Alice Waters in 1995. The purpose of the program is to get schools to create gardens, allowing students to grow their own fruit and vegetables for their lunch.Waters expressed her love for the farm-to-table movement. She advised schools to connect with the farmers in their areas, and change their buying practices when planning meals for students.In 2009, the First Lady Michelle Obama started the garden in the backyard of the White House. She spent hours tending to the garden, often vith help from local schooIchiIdren.“That gave people a sense that she cares about children and where our food comes from, “ Waters said, praising Michelle ObamaJ s dedication to young peopleJ s health.“We are just building this movement, and it is very exciting. ”Through the Edible Schoolyard Project, students also learn about the benefits of heal thy eating in the classroom. Negi ia said that P. S. 216 is teaching kids about ucareers in the food industrysuch as farming and agriculture, food safety, and the restaurant business” .Simi lar classes are taking place around the country. So far, the Edible School yard Project has reached more than 1 million students in more than 367 schools. T m doing this for the future of the planet, “ Waters said.【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。厨师Alice Waters创办了一个项目来鼓励学校种植水果、 蔬菜来帮助学生吃上健康食物。28. The Edible Schoolyard Project aims to .A. let students eat heal thy foodimprove schools' environmentB. reduce students' stress from studymake students, free time colorful【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词aims t。定位到第二段的“The purpose of the program is to get schools to create gardens, allowing students to grow their own fruit and vegetables for their lunch. w可知，该活动的目的在于让学生种植新鲜的水 果、蔬菜，以便自己食用。29. According to Waters' words about Michelle Obama, we know .A. running a garden was excitingWaters got on well with the First LadyB. Michelle Obama had a healthy bodyWaters thought highly of Michelle Obama【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词Waters' words about Michel le Obama定 位到 .Waters said, praising Michelle Obama' s dedication to young people* s health. ”可知，Waters对Michelle Obama的评价很高。故选D项。30. Through the Edible Schoolyard Project, students .A. can find jobs on farmingstart a restaurant businessB. learn benefits of heal thy foodI), know how to plant different foods【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文中倒数第二段“Through the Edible Schoolyard Project,students also learn about the benefits of healthy eating in the classroom.“ 可知, 该项目有助于学生了解健康饮食的益处。本题易误选B。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，该项 目让学生了解r农业、食品安全以及餐饮行业，而不是让学生开办餐厅。31. What' s the best title for the passage?A. Students should eat healthilyP. S. 216 is a famous schoolB. Processed foods should be avoidedA chef helps create green school yards【解析】选D。标题归纳题。本文主要讲述厨师Alice Walers创办的一个旨在鼓励学校种植 水果、蔬菜来帮助学生吃上健康食物的项目。故选D项。A项指“学生应该健康饮食”，涉及 面太广，与文章主题不符；文中并未提到P. S. 216是一所名校，故排除B项；文中第一段 虽然提到processed foods,但是并非本文主要探讨的对象，故排除C项。D（2021 滨州高二检测）Nearly every week, we hear news about the latest successes and failures in driverless vehicles. But we hear little about how other industries are developing this same kind of technology. One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or AI, is agriculture. Companies are experimenting with high-tech tools that can help farmers save time and money, while reducing environment-harming chemicals.One of the companies is ecoRobotix of Switzerland. 11 created a robot equipped with Al and cameras to identify al 1 plants on a farm. The robot has four wheels to carry itself through the fields in search of weeds. Computer-controlled arms then lower and spray the weeds with small amounts of herbicide（除草齐lj）. Company officials say the robot can fully operate on its own for up to 12 hours a day while being powered by the sun. It uses the same kind of sensor and positioning technology used to guide driverless vehicles. A farmer can also control the equipment through a smartphone.The co-founder of ecoRobotix, Aurdlien Demaurex, says the farm robot can ki 11 weeds with 20 times less herbicide than traditional methods. This is because the system uses exactly the right chemical amount in the exact place required to kill the weeds.Currently, farmers spread weed ki1lers over massive areas to destroy unwanted plants.Another company developing farm robotics is California-based Blue River Technology. The company has a system called "See & Sprayv , which it claims was the worldJ s first smart sprayer. The system-which is connected to the back of a tractor-is also equipped with AI to identify and chemically kill only the weeds.11 can al so spray chemicals on wanted plants to help them grow. Ben Chostner, vice president of business development for Blue River Technology, explains in a company video that See & Spray technology uses the same deep learning methods used in facial recognition. "The first time the machine saw pigweed（蓟草）， it didn' t know what kind of plant it was. But we taught it-by giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweed-and now it' s an expert in pigweed. ”【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文，一些公司正在试验农业方面的人工智能高科技工具，这些 工具可以帮助农民节省时间和金钱，同时减少使用对环境有害的化学物质。32. How will AI benefit agriculture?A. It wi11 fund agriculture research.B. It contributes to low-cost farming.C. It can avoid harmful chemicals.D. It frees all farmers from field work.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Companies are experimenting wi th high-tech tools that can help farmers save time and money, whi1e reducing environment-harming chemicals.”可知，人工智能可以帮助农民节省时间和金钱，同时减 少使用对环境有害的化学物质。故选B。33. What dothe products of the two companies have in common?A. They use recognition technology.B. They are powered by solar energy.C. They are connected wi th smartphones.D. They can help wanted plants grow rapidly.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句"It created a robot equipped with AI and cameras to identify all plants on a farm."以及第四段第三句 "The system一which is connected to the back of a tractoris also equipped with AI to identify and chemically kill 0nlythe weeds. ”可知,两个公司的产品的共同点就是，它们都使用了识别技术,故 选A。34. What do Ben Chostnery s words suggest about the robot?A. It is environmentally friendly.B. It is good at self-improving.C. 11 has the learning abi1ity.D. It can track various plants.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，研发人员给这个机器人成千上万的蓟 草的样本来教它，这个机器人现在在识别蓟草方面是一个专家。由此可推知，Ben Chostner 意在表明该机器人有学习能力。故选C。35. What is mainly talked about in the text?A. The experiment in farming robots.B. A new trend in artificial intel 1igence.C. Modern See & Spray technology.D. Artificial intelligence in agriculture.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第三句"One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or AI, is agriculture.“ 可 知，农业是研究和开发人工智能（AI）的重要行业之一；然后文章第二至四段介绍了两个公司 的人工智能产品是如何帮助农业生产的。由此可知，本文的主旨是介绍人工智能在农业中的 应用。故选【）。第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多 余选项。Four Lessons I Learned from TravelingTravel ing is a dream! Foreign, faraway countries have fascinated me al 1 the time.36Independence.In your safe environment where there' s always something or someone to fall back on, feeling independent is not easy. Traveling puts that whole notion of how independent you really are in question. What do you do if you are caught in an airport in the middle of the night? How well do you cope with the situation when your credit card suddenly refuses you? 37Be social.Social skills are something you learn over the years regardless of where you are in the world. Traveling, however, takes being social to the next level!38 Truthi s al so that whi 1 e you* re travel ing, you often need help or advice from others, meaning that you need to know how to talk to people.39We think we, re all unique. The truth is that after seeing so many different countries and meeting so many people from all over the world, I' ve come to one conclusion that we, re all mostly the same when it comos to the things that matter.Enjoy life.Before and during our two months of traveling in Central America, we worry about so many things: Will we have all the visas? 40 The truth is that everything turns out fine. Always remember that whatever the situation will be, worrying about things going wrong isn' t going to decrease the chance that it actually happens. Just enjoy! A. We are all the same.B. Traveling gives us the same feeling.C. Because it has taught me many lessons.I）. Will we find the right flights at the right time?E. Firstly, traveling makes no difference to everyone.F. The way you react in nerve-wrecking situations accordingly says a lot about how independent you are.G. You meet so many people from different backgrounds, countries and religions, which makes social skills even more important.【语篇概述】本文主要介绍了作者从旅游中学到的人生经验。36. 【解析】选C。上句提到出国旅游一直让作者着迷，C项（因为这样的旅游教会了我很多 人生经验）承接上文。37. 【解析选F。上文提到了几种突发情况，而对这些情况的反应就能说明你的独立程度。38. 【解析】选G。由上句可知，旅游会带来另一层次的社交，G项（你见到很多来自不同背 景、国家和宗教的人，这使社交技能显得更加重要）承接上文。39. 【解析】选A。本空下的一段最后一句提到当遇到重要的事情时大家都是一样的，A项（我 们是一样的）符合本段主旨。40. 【解析】选Do上句提到会不会得到签证，D项（我们会在正确的时间找到正确的航班吗？） 与其形成并列关系，符合题意。第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A lot of the time when I tell my French friends that I am a vegetarian, a look of horror comes over their faces! ”What do you eat? ” they ask me. "You must be so 41! ” It has been fascinating, over my year abroad, to 42 first-hand thecultural importance of food in different countries and regions. In the United Kingdom, veganism is becoming very 43 with around 3 mi 11 ion people currently vegetarian. The city in which I go to university, Glasgow, is known as the “vegan“ capital of the UK. However, here in France, I often struggle to find a 44 of meat-and-fish-free on a menu, which can make eating in restaurants a bit of a challenge.People are often curious about my choice and I am 45 asked why I choose to limit my 46 in the way I do. There are many reasons why people may 47 not to eat meat, fish or animal products. Many people 48 meat or fish simply _49 they do not enjoy the taste or texture. On the other hand, others feel that killing animals or causing them death is morally wrong. 50 , many people are vegetarians or vegans as a means of protesting （抗议）against the 51 attitude towards food of many Western countries. Others feci that raising animals for 52 has a negative effect on the environment or that it is bad for health.Meatless Monday is a campaign to 53 every household to eat meals which don' t contain meat or fish on Mondays. The campaign aims to 54 the carbon footprint of the planet as we11 as to improve health. This is a great challenge for anyone who would like to try out some vegetarian cooking and is a wonderful way to contributeto 55 climate change. I hope you enjoy looking for some amazing vegetarian recipes!【语篇概述】本文通过讲述作者主张素食主义的亲身经历介绍并分析了坚持素食主义的好处 等情况。41. A. thin B. greedy C. poor D. hungry【解析】选D。上文中作者说他是一个素食主义者，再结合空处前面的Whatdoyoucat?' they ask me. ”可知，作者的法国朋友认为他肯定感到饥饿。故选1)。42. A. experienceB. supportC. benefitD. ignore【解析】选 Ao 根据空处后面的 first-hand the cultural importance of food in different countries and regions”可知，作者亲身体验了食物文化的重要性。故选A。43. A. strict B. popularC. familiarD. content【解析】选 B。根据空处后面的 “with around 3 million people currently vegetarianv 可知，此处表示在英国，素食主义变得很受欢迎。44. A. symbol B. labelC. list D. dish【解析】选D。结合语境可知，此处表示“然而，在法国我经常尽力在菜单上找一道没有肉、 没有鱼的菜，这让我在餐馆吃饭有点挑战”。故选D。45. A. seriously B. regularly C. briefly D. luckily【解析】选B。与前面的“often”呼应，空处表示“人们经常(regularly)问我为什么要选择 限制我的饮食”。46. A. exercise B. study C. diet I), work【解析】选C。根据上文中的"my choice”和第一段第一句话中的"I am a vegetarian可 知，空处指限制自己的饮食(diet)。47. A. fail B. hesitate C. refuse D. choose【解析】选D。由上文内容可知，此处表示人们选择不吃肉、鱼和动物产品的原因有很多。48. A. give upB. eat upC. add upI), bring up【解析】选A。与上文中的“not to eat meat, fish or animal products呼应，此处指很 多人放弃吃肉或者吃鱼。49. A. until B. becauseC. while D. unless【解析】选B。根据空后的"they do not enjoy the taste or texture*可知，这里指人们 放弃吃肉、吃鱼的原因，故选because。50. A. HoweverB. Instead