专题11 主从复合句-2023年中考总复习真题探究与变式训练（江苏专用）（解析版）.docx

专题11主从复合句命题方向重要指数考向一宾语从句 （必考点）考向二状语从句（必考点）考向三定语从句（必考点）考向一宾语从句0氟题悠究；例 1| （2022江苏无锡中考真题）（宾语从句的语序）一There will be a robot on show in our school next week.Really? I wonder.A. what it likes B. what it is like C. what does it like D. what is it like【答案】B【详解】句意：下周将有一个机器人在我们学校展出。真的？我想知道它是什么样的。考查宾语从句。此句是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除选项C、D；根据“There will be a robot on show in our school nexl week ”可知，询问机器人是什么样子，故选忸I 2| （2022江苏无锡中考真题（宾语从句的时态）The chief engineer announced that they a spacelab on （he space station around （he end of 2022.A. have builtB. had builtC. will buildD. would build【答案】D【详解】句意：总工程师宣布，他们将于2022年底左右在空间站建造一个空间实验室。考查动词时态。根据"The chief engineer announced that”可知，thal后为宾语从句，主句为一般过去时，从 句为过去的某种时态，结合从句时间状语“around the end of 2022”可知，此处使用过去将来时，would+动词原形。故选D,瓯（2022江苏盐城中考真题）（宾语从句的引导词）一Can you lell me?Never spend too much time on screen.A. how we can have bright eyesB. why we should protect our eyesC. where wc can see an eye doctorD. when we should do eye exercises【答案】A【详解】句意：你能告诉我怎样才能拥有明亮的眼睛吗？ 不要花太多时间在屏幕上。A. why the Earth moved around the Sunhow the life will be like in 500 yearswhen would we go to a foreign country for a holidayif he could play computer games after finishing homework【答案】D【详解】句意：你儿子刚才跟你说什么了？他问我他做完作业后是否可以玩电脑游戏。考查宾语从句。该句是宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，从句也应该使用过去时，排除B；选项A描述一种 客观现象，应该使用一般现在时，排除A；宾语从句语序是陈述语序，排除选项C,故选D。【变式 17 （2022江苏常州二模）The old man doesn't know if his daughter to see him if shefree this Sunday.A. will come; will be B. comes; isC. will come; is D. comes; will be【答案】C【详解】句意：这位老人不知道如果他的女儿这个星期天有空的话，她是否会来看他。考查时态。根据句子结构，第一个if引导宾语从句，根据“t。see him”可知，不知道将来是否会看望他，第 一空使用一般将来时；第二个if引导条件状语从句，故应遵循“主将从现"原则，即主句用将来时，从句用 一般现在时，第二空应用般现在时。故选C。考向二状语从句屿氟题倒继）例 （2022江苏扬州中考真题）（时间状语从句）astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe.A. ThoughB. TillC. WhenD. Unless【答案】C【详解】句意：当宇航员进行太空行走时，他们会穿着宇航服来保护自己的安全。考查连词辨析。Though 虽然;Till 直到;When 当时候；Unless 除非。根据“astronauts go on spacewalks,they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe”可知当宇航员太空行走时，他们会穿宇航服，用when引导时间 状语从句。故选C。例 2| （2022江苏盐城中考真题）（条件状语从句）We'll have a picnic in the park this Sunday there is a heavy rain.A. whetherB. unlessC. sinceD. because【答案】B【详解】句意：除非下大雨，否则这个星期天我们将在公园野餐。考查连词辨析。whether 是否；unless 除非；since 自从：because 因为。根据"Wc'H have a picnic in the park this Sundaythere is a heavy rain.”可知，除非下雨，否则就回去野餐，故选B。忸I 3| （2022江苏徐州中考真题）（让步状语从句）Dad sometimes goes lo the supermarket with us he hates going shopping.A. becauseB. soC. thoughD. if【答案】C【详解】句意：爸爸有时会和我们一起去超市，虽然他讨厌购物。考查连词辨析。because 因为;so 因此：though 尽管；if 如果。根据“Dad sometimes goes to the supermarket wilh us.he hates going shopping."可知，尽管讨厌购物,还是和我们去超市,用though“尽管”,引导让步状 语从句。故选C。榭 4 （2022江苏淮安中考真题）（原因状语从句）We would like to buy electric cars they produceless air pollution.A. becauseB. soC. thoughD. but【答案】A【详解】句意：我们想买电动汽车，因为它们产生的空气污染更少。考查连词辨析。because因为；so因此；1hough尽管；bul但是。上文“想买电动汽车”和下文“电动汽车产生 较少空气污染”之间是因果关系，前者是结果，后者表原因，故用because连接。故选A。帆目（2021江苏宿迁中考真题）（目的状语从句）Mary shut the window just now she could keepthe insects out.A. so thatB. whenC. tillD. after【答案】A【详解】句意：玛丽刚才关上了窗户，以便把昆虫挡在外面。考查连词。sothat为了; when当时；UH直到；after在之后；根据空格前后句可知，关窗户的目 的是挡住昆虫，此处应用so thal引导目的状语从句，故选A。丽（2022江苏宿迁中考真题）（结果状语从句）Yesterday, Lin Tao's speech on how to be a good volunteer was wonderful that we couldn't stop cheering fbr him.A. soB. veryC. tooD. quite【答案】A【详解】句意：昨天，林涛关于如何做好志愿者的演讲精彩到让我们忍不住为他欢呼。考查副词辨析。so如此，修饰形容词或副词；very非常；too太：quite相当。根据"wondcrftil that wc couldn't stop cheering for him”可知此处是“so+M/./aA，. that.”引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此以致于“。故选A。厚命幽度南状语从句常见的状语从句可分为：时间、条件、地点、原因、方式、让步、比较、结果、目的等从句，由不同的 引导词引导。考点一：时间状语从句考点二：条件状语从句条件状语从句的引导词主要有if和unless,两者可转换。引导词用法例句whenwhen引导的时间状语从句中既可接 延续性动词，也可接非延续性动词， 多用一般过去时They were talking happily when I walked past (he door. 当我从门前走过，他们正在开心地聊天。whilewhile强调主句和从句动作同时发 生，所引导的时间状语从句只能用延 续性动词，多用进行时态。My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.当妈妈在做饭的时候，我在做作业。not. until主句的谓语动词为非延续性动词，主 句要用否定式，从句用肯定式。The bus won't start until everybody gets on. 公共汽车直到每个人都上车才会发动。since主句谓语动词一般用现在完成时，从 句谓语动词一般用一般过去时。Five yeas has passed since we saw each other last time. 距离我们上次见面已经五年过去了。beforebefore引导的从句表示主句的动作发 生在从句动作之前。We turned off the light before we left. 我们在离开前关了灯。afterafter引导的从句表示主句的动作发生 在从句动作之后。He went to bed after he finished his work. 他做完工作后就去睡觉了。as soon as若主句为一般将来时，从句常用一般 现在时表将来。I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 我一看见他，就会告诉他这个消息。在条件状语从句中，从句常用一般现在时表将来，即主将从现。 如： You will fail the exam if you don't work hard.=You will fail the exam unless you work hard.如果不努力学习，你考试会不及格的。考点三：原因状语从句原因状语从句的引导词有because, since> as等。注意：1. because和so不能同时使用如：He didn't come to school yesterday because he was ill.他昨天没来上学，因为他生病了。2. since引导原因状语从句表示显然的或己为人知的理由，表示“因为，既然”如：since everyone is here, let's start.既然大家都到期了,我们就开始吧。考点四：让步状语从句让步状语从句的引导词有（hough / although, even though / if等。注意：though / although与but不能同时出现在一个句子里。如：Though he is in poor health, he works hard.虽然他身体不好,但是他工作很努力。考点五：结果状语从句结果状语从句的引导词有so / suchthat等。（1）区分两种句式： so+aclj./ ad，.+that such+（a/an）+M/.+c.+that.如：Tom is so clever that he learns Chinese well. =Tom is such a clever boy that he learns Chinese well. 汤姆如此聪明，语文学得很好。（2）注意：当名词前有much, many, little, few等词修饰时,只能用so。如：You can't spend so much time on compuler games.你不能花这么多时间在网络游戏上。考点六：目的状语从句目的状语从句的引导词有so that, in order that等。如：He stood up so that / in order （hat he could see the blackboard clearly.他站起来，以便能清楚地看到黑板。注意：目的状语从句中一般都含有表示可能性的词语，如co如e, will, would, can等。【变式1（2022江苏无锡外国语学校二模）一Why did he look so sad?His friend told him that it would be quite a long time they had a chance to get together again.A. afterB. beforeC. sinceD. when【答案】B【详解】句意: 他为什么看起来这么伤心？ 他的朋友告诉他，他们要过很长时间才能有机会再次 相聚。考查连词辨析。after在之后;before在之前;since自从；when当。根据“His friend told him that itwould be quite a long time.they had a chance to get together again.”可知在他们再次见面之前还有很长时间， 用before引导时间状语从句。故选B,【变式 2 （2022江苏宿迁三模）It's a pity that smokers won'l realize the importance of health theylose it.A. beforeB. untilC. sinceD. if【答案】B【详解】句意：非常遗憾，吸烟的人一直到失去健康才意识到健康的重要性。考查连词辨析。before在之前；until直到；since自从；if如果；根据语境可知，吸烟者 没有意识到吸烟的重要性，“直到”他们失去健康。until符合语境。故选【变式3】（2022江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校三模）Love your parents they are alive. Never waituntil it is loo late.A. thoughB. becauseC. whileD. until【答案】C【详解】句意：在父母活着的时候爱他们。永远不要等到为时已晚。考查连词辨析。though 虽然；because 因为；while 当时；until 直到。根据“Love your parents they arealive. Never wait until it is too late.”可知,此处指在父母活着的时候爱他们，使用while引导时间状语从句。 故选Co【变式 4 （2022江苏连云港外国语学校二模）The students in our school to enter the school if theirtemperature is above 37.3 .A. don't allow B. won't allow C. aren't allow D. won't be allowed【答案】D【详解】句意：我们学校的学生如果体温超过37.3度不准入校。考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知主语“The students”和动词“allow”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态 t4be done"；此句是由if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句应用一般将来时，一般将来时的被 动语态是“will be done”,动词是"allowed”。故选D。【变式 5 （2022江苏镇江模拟预测）The museum will soon be open to the public the checking work is done.A. butB. ifC. whileD. unless【答案】B【详解】句意：如果检查工作完成了，这间博物馆很快就可以对公众开放。考查连词辨析。but但是；if如果：while当时候：unless除非。根据“The museum will soon be open toihe publicthe checking work is done”可知，检查工作完成是博物馆开放的条件，即后句是前句的条件，应 用if引导条件状语从句。故选B,【变式 6 （2022江苏南京二模）一We will go out for a picnic it rains tomorrow.You needn't worry about the weather. It's sunny tomorrow.A. untilB. ifC. unlessD. when【答案】C【详解】句意：一除非明天下雨，否则我们将出去野餐。你不必担心天气。明天是晴天。考查unless引导的条件状语从句。until直到；if如果；unless除非，如果不;when当时，根据“Wewill go out for a picnic”和“it rains tomorrow”可知，此处指如果明天不下雨，我们就去野餐，故选C。【变式7（2022江苏盐城市盐都区实验初中一模）Friends have a lol in common,there are some differences.A. untilB. sinceC. althoughD. after【答案】C【详解】句意：朋友有很多共同之处，虽然也有一些不同。考查连词辨析。until直到；since自从；although虽然；after在之后。前后两句构成让步关系，用although引导让步状语从句。故选Co【变式8】（2022江苏扬州市广陵区教师发展中心二模）taking exercise is important, you'd better not exercise too close to bedtime.A. ThoughB. AsC. IfD. Unless【答案】A【详解】句意：尽管锻炼很重要，你最好不要在接近睡觉前锻炼。考查连词辨析。Though 尽管；As 因为；If 如果;Unless 除非。分析”.taking exercise is important, you'd better not exercise too close to bedtime.”可知逗号前后是让步关系，故用“though”引导。故选A。【变式 9 （2022江苏无锡二模）一How about camping next week, just for a change?OK,you want.【答案】A【详解】句意：这个周末去野营怎么样，只想换个环境？ 好吧，你想干什么都行。考查让步状语从句。whatever无论什么，什么都可以：whenever无论何时；whoever无论谁，不管谁： wherever无论在哪里。本句want是及物动词，后面接宾语，可知填特殊疑问代词，whenever和wherever 是疑问副词，whoever只能指人，whalever是泛指；所以应用whalever,此句是whalever引导的让步状语 从句，故选A。【变式10 （2022江苏宿迁市宿豫区教育局教研室二模）He is interested in everything he's over 80.A. as soon asB. ifC. ever sinceD. even though【答案】D【详解】句意：尽管他已经80多岁了，但他对一切都感兴趣。考查连词辨析。as soon as 就；if如果；ever since从那以后；even though尽管。前后句之间暗含转折关系，用even though引导让步状语从句。故选D。【变式 11 （2022江苏无锡模拟预测）Life is like a one-way race, so treasure every moment timecannot be won again.A. soB. asC. ifD. unless【答案】B【详解】句意：生活就像单程赛，所以珍惜每个时刻，因为时光一去不复返。考查连词辨析。so所以；as因为；if如果；unless除非；根据句意，珍惜每个时刻时光一去不复返， 可知此处用as,表示“因为故选B.【变式 12 （2022江苏无锡市蠡园中学二模）your father is well again, you no longer have anything to worry about.A. SinceB. BeforeC. AlthoughD. While【答案】A【详解】句意：既然你父亲已经康复了，你再也没有什么可担心的了。考查连词辨析。Since因为，既然；Before在之前；Allhough尽管；While当时。根据“you nolonger have anything lo worry about”可知，因为父亲已经康复了，所以不需要担心了；故选A。【变式 13 （2022江苏宿迁二模）We should take care of the earth we can make a better world tolive in.【答案】A【详解】句意：我们应该照顾好地球，这样我们才能创造一个更美好的生活世界。考查连词辨析o so that以便；in order to为了，后加短语;even if即使；as soon as 就。照顾好地球的目的是创造更美好的世界，用so that引导目的状语从句。故选A。【变式 14 （2022江苏常州一模）Hi, Mom is film that few people dislike it.A. such a boring B. such an interesting C. so interesting D. so boring【答案】B【详解】句意：你好，李焕英是如此有趣的电影以至于很少有人不喜欢它。考查such.that引导的结果状语从句。SO+形容词/副词+a/an+可数名词单数that”如此以至于二 such+a/an+形容词+"J数名词单数+that”如此以至于"，interesting有趣的；boring无聊的，根据“fbwpeople dislike it”可知,电影很有趣,排除A和D,由空后的“film”可知,空缺处应该用such an interescing/so interesting a,表示“如此有趣的一个电影“，排除C,故选B,【变式 15（2022江苏无锡模拟预测）The dance-poem drama Picture of Vast Land is that lots ofpeople enjoy watching it.A. such beautiful B. such uglyC. so beautiful D. so ugly【答案】C【详解】句意：歌舞诗剧只此青绿很美，很多人都喜欢看。考杳结果状语从句。根据“.lots of people enjoy watching it”可知歌舞诗剧很美，所以人们都喜爱看，排除 B和D, beautiful形容词作表语，用so修饰形容词。故选C。【变式16 （2022江苏扬州市祁江区梅苑双语学校一模）一I couldn't believe he caught little fish in thepool.Really? In fact, he eats little fish that he seldom buys fish.A. so;suchB. so;soC. such;soD. such;such【答案】C【详解】句意： 我不敢相信他在池塘里钓到了这么小的鱼。真的吗？事实上，他很少吃鱼，所以 很少买鱼。考查s。和such的用法。第一个空后的fish意为“鱼”,单复数同形；而lillle意为“小的”，修饰fish,此处 需用such；第二个空后的fish是不可数名词，意为“鱼肉”,而lit加此处意为个艮少的”,用so修饰，此处 是s。that的用法,意为“如此以至于故选C。【变式 17 （2022江苏宿迁一模）He gave us good advice that people disagreed.A. such a ; a few B. such; fewC. so; a fewD. so; few【答案】B【详解】句意：他给了我们如此好的建议，以至于几乎没有人不同意。考查词汇辨析。so这样，副词，用来修饰形容词和副词；such如此，形容词，用来修饰名词；few几乎没 有，表示否定，修饰可数名词复数形式，a few儿个、一点点，表示肯定，修饰可数名词复数形式。空一是 修饰名词“advice“，应用such,故排除C D项；根据前句“He gave us . good advice”可推理出，结果应是 几乎没有人不同意，故空二应是表示否定的词few“几乎没有工故选B。考向三定语从句0房廖溷熨例1| （2021江苏徐州中考真题）（关系代词的选择）Agatha Christie was a female writer isconsidered the queen of crime novels.A. whatB. whoseC. whoD. which【答案】C【详解】句意：阿加莎克里斯蒂是一位被誉为犯罪小说女王的女作家。考查关系代词。what不能引导定语从句：whose是关系代词，指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语；who是 关系代词，指代人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语：which关系代词，指代物，在定语从句中作主语或宾 语。根据题干可知，本句是一个定语从句，先行词writer指人，引导词在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词 who引导，故选C。帆 2| （2019江苏淮安中考真题）（关系代词的选择）The charities have helped more children with the money people raise.A. whoB. whatC. whereD. which【答案】D【详解】句意：慈善机构用人们筹集的钱帮助了更多的儿童。A. who关系词，先行词是人；B. what不能 引导定语从句；C. where关系副词，在定语从句中做状语；D. which关系代词，先行词是物。people raise 修饰Ihe money,先行词是物，关系词用which引导。根据题意，故选D。吩命题钮南定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词（也叫关系词）。定语从句的构成：先行词+关系词+定语从句如：I know【he girl who is sitting under【he tree.1 11先行词引导词 从句（定语从句）2.关系词的选用:关系代词指代在定从中所作成分例句which物主语宾语Lucy likes music which is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。that人、物主语宾语Lucy likes music that is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。The girl that has long hair is his sister.留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。who人主语宾语The girl who has long hair is his sister.留长发的女孩子是他姐 姐。whom人宾语He is the student that/who/whom 1 like best.他是我最喜欢的学生whose人的，物的定语I like those books whose topics are about history. 我喜欢那些话题是历史的书3、关系词的省略：关系代词that/who/which/whom在定从中作宾适时可省略，作主语时不能省略如：The cartoons (that/vhich)I like have lots of jokes.我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。The fihn (that/which) we saw last night is interesting.我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。4.关系代词只能用that的情况当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that如：My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things that they couldn't remember.(2)当先行词是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词时，关系代 词只能用that.如：Say all that you know/ Is there anything that I can do for you?(3)当先行词有the one, the very, the only, the same等修饰词时，关系代词只能用that,不能用which(指 人时可以用who).如：That's the only thing that I can do now. /These are the very(adj.恰好的)words that he used.(4)当先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.如： This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the best novel that I have read.考查宾语从句的引导词。how如何，怎样；why为什么；where哪里；when什么时候。根据"Never spend too much time on screen”可推测出，在询问如何才能拥有明亮的眼镜，“如何，怎样“，此时应用关系副词 how引导宾语从句。故选A。1命题或南宾语从句用法详解：宾语从句是在主从复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。如Rose said she would visit us sometime next week.露丝说她下星期某时会来看我们。II主句 从句（宾语从句）Could von tell me where he is from?你能告诉我他来自哪里吗？I I主句 从句（宾语从句）考点1：引导词的选用（1） .陈述句的引导词用that,常可省略。1 am going to meet my net friends in Guangzhou. He said.-*He said that he was going to meet his net friends in Guangzhou.他说他将要在广州见他的网友。（2） . 一般疑问句的引导词用if/whether（是否）。（后有or、or not时只用whether）Would you like to play basketball with me? He asked me.一He asked me if/whether I liked to play basketball with him.他问我是否会和他去打篮球。Is it a fast train or a slowly one? I wanted to know.-*I wanted to know whether it was a fast train or a slowly one.我想知道这是快车还是慢车。（3） .特殊疑问句的引导词用特殊疑问词。How old are you? They want to know.-*They want to know how old you are.他们想知道你多大年纪了。What are you going to do this afternoon? He asked me.- He asked me what I was going to do this afternoon.他问我今天下午要做什么。考点2：语序（宾语从句中从句要用陈述句语序，即从句中的第1动词在主语之后）He asked Jane: "Why don't you come”？疑问语序（第I动词don't在主语you之前）He asked Jane why she didn't come last night.他问简恩为什么昨晚她不来。当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句时，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.如：Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?5 .关系代词只能用which的情况(1)先行词有指示代词(that/this/these/those)修饰如：I am reading that book which you read yesterday.我在看你昨天看的那本书(2)引导词前有介词如：The school campus in which we study every day is beautiful.我们学习的校园很漂亮。6 .定语从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致,其 中，“one of+复数名词”作先行词时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：He is the man who / that lives nexl door.他就是住在隔壁的那个男人He is one of the students in his class who have been to Gennany.他是班上去过德国的学生之，吩曾就硼缎【变式 1( 2023江苏无锡外国语学校一模)Is this the factory some foreign friends visited lastMonday?A. oneB. whereC. in thatD. that【答案】D【详解】句意：这是一些外国朋友上周一参观的工厂吗？考查定语从