高中英语代词用法优秀PPT.ppt

代词一一.概念概念二二.相关学问点相关学问点1.人称代词人称代词1)人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。口诀1 人称代词主宾格，作用不同莫用错。主格动词前做主，动词介词后宾格。You和it主宾同，其他主宾须分清。口诀2人称代词并列现，敬重他人礼当先。单数人称二三一，复数人称一二三。若把错误责任担，第一人称我靠前。2)人称代词有人称代词有主格和宾格主格和宾格之分。通常之分。通常主格作主格作主语主语，宾格作宾语宾格作宾语。如：。如：I like table tennis.（作主语）（作主语）Do you know him?（作宾语）（作宾语）3)人称代词还可作人称代词还可作表语表语。作。作表语时用宾格表语时用宾格。-Who is knocking at the door?-Its me.4)人称代词在人称代词在than之之后与其他人或事物进后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用行比较时，用主格和主格和宾格宾格都可以。都可以。He is older than me.He is older than I.2.物主代词物主代词1)表示全部关系的代词叫物主代词。表示全部关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性和名词性物主代词物主代词分形容词性和名词性物主代词物主代词分两种，形容词性名词性。物主代词分两种，形容词性名词性。形容词性实力差，自己不能来当家。形容词性实力差，自己不能来当家。句子当中作定语，身后定把名词加。句子当中作定语，身后定把名词加。物主代词名词性，相当名词可单用。物主代词名词性，相当名词可单用。句中充当主宾表，身后没出名词影。句中充当主宾表，身后没出名词影。两种代词形不同，添个两种代词形不同，添个 s 形变名。形变名。his,its不用变，不用变，my变变mine要记清。要记清。2)形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，形容词，可在句中作可在句中作定语定语。Our teacher is coming to see us.This is her pencil-box.3)名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词名词，在句中可用在句中可用作作主语、宾语和表语主语、宾语和表语。Our school is here,and theirs is there.（作主语）（作主语）-Is this English-book yours?（作表语）（作表语）-No.Mine is in my bag.3.指示代词指示代词指示代词包括：指示代词包括：this，that，these those。1)this和和these一般用来指一般用来指在时间或空间上较在时间或空间上较近的事物或人近的事物或人，that和和those则指时间和空间则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人上较远的事物或人 This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time 2)有时有时that和和those指前面指前面讲到过的事物讲到过的事物，this 和和these则则是指是指下面将要讲到的事物下面将要讲到的事物I had a cold.Thats why I didnt come.What I want to say is this;pronunciation is very important in learning English 3)有时为了避开重复提到的名词，有时为了避开重复提到的名词，常可用常可用that或或those代替代替 Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai4)this 在电话用语中代表自己，在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方则代表对方 Hello!This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?4.反身代词反身代词（反身代词代自己，句中可担宾同表）（反身代词代自己，句中可担宾同表）英语英语中用来表示中用来表示我自己我自己，你自己你自己，他自己他自己，我们自己我们自己，你你们自己们自己等等意义的代词称为意义的代词称为反身代词反身代词，也有人称之为，也有人称之为自身代名词自身代名词反身代词可以在句中作反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语宾语，表语，同位语 1)作作宾语宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。He called himself a writer2)作作表语表语。It doesnt matter.Ill be myself soon 3)作主语或宾语的同位语作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。表示亲自或本人。I myself washed the clothes短语enjoy oneselfmake oneself at homemake oneself understoodheardfor oneself为自己为自己of oneself 自然地，自动地自然地，自动地 by oneself 独自地独自地5.5.不定代词不定代词不定代词的形式不定代词的形式 some,any,no,none,many,much,few,little,each,every,one,all,botheither,neither,other,another及及some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词构成的复合不定代词（1）both,all,either,any,neither,none比较比较都任何都不两者三者或三者以上botheitherneitherallanynone(1)-When shall we meet again?(2)-Make it _ day you like;its all the same to me.(3)(2)-Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?(4)-Im afraid _ day is possible.anyneither（2）none,no one(nobody),nothing比较比较(1)-How many of you have been to the Great Wall?-_.(2)-Who knows the answer to this question?-_.(3)-What are you doing now?-_.(4)Cities have theaters,museums and big sporting events,but small towns have _.NoneNo oneNothingnonenoneno one nothing指代指代回答回答单复数单复数 跟跟of结构结构人人/物物人人物物how many/how muchwhowhatC 单单/复复U 单单 单单单单（3）every,each的用法比较的用法比较意义意义作用作用与与of搭配搭配eachevery强调个体强调个体强调整体强调整体主主/宾宾/定定/同位语同位语定语定语1.They both came on time,but each left ahead of time.2.Tokyo and London are two large cities.I really love each.3.We send each other an e-meal each week.4.We each hope to have free weekends.5.Every student needs to be careful with their studies.We each _ a company car.(have)haveeach作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的单复数。作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的单复数。（4）another,other,the other,others,the others another other the other others the others用于泛指三者以上中的用于泛指三者以上中的“另一个另一个”作前置定语作前置定语,修饰单数或复数名词修饰单数或复数名词两者中的两者中的“另一个另一个”,是特指是特指泛指泛指“其他人其他人”或或“其他物其他物”指整体中除去一部分后指整体中除去一部分后,剩余的全部剩余的全部=other+名复名复特定范围特定范围itone ones表同类同物表单数表同类同物表单数Yesterday,I bought a football,but now I cant find it.表同类但不同物表同类但不同物,表单数，可用形容词修饰，泛指表单数，可用形容词修饰，泛指There are many TV sets in the store;Would you like to take one?表同类但不同物表同类但不同物,表复数，可用形容词修饰，泛指表复数，可用形容词修饰，泛指I dont like green apples;I like red ones.（5）it,one,ones,the one,the ones,that,thosethe one that表同类但不同物表同类但不同物,表特指，表单数表特指，表单数表同类但不同物表同类但不同物,指代单数或不行数指代单数或不行数The bridge made of stone is much stronger than the one made of wood.The boy told me his story and that of his sisters.The population of China is larger than that of any other country in Asia.the ones/thoseThe books on the desk are better than the ones/those under the desk.表同类不同物，表特指，表复数表同类不同物，表特指，表复数some一一般般用用于于确确定定句句中中，但但在在表表示示恳恳求求并并希希望望对对方能赐予确定回答时，可用于疑问句方能赐予确定回答时，可用于疑问句 any一一般般用用于于否否定定和和疑疑问问句句中中，但但当当any强强调调“任任何何”时，也可用于确定句中时，也可用于确定句中同同理理，something，somebody，someone的的用用法法同同some anything，anybody，anyone的用法同的用法同any(6)some与与any 确定句中，用于单数可数名词前表示确定句中，用于单数可数名词前表示“某一某一”I have some friends.Smith went to some place in England.(定语定语)在期盼对方回答在期盼对方回答yes 时，时，some用在表示恳求或邀请的用在表示恳求或邀请的问句中问句中Would you like some bananas?（邀请）（邀请）Mum,could you give me some money?(恳求恳求)返回书目some 的用法any 的用法的用法 any用于疑问句和否定句用于疑问句和否定句。Is there any student in the classroom?No,there isnt any student.any用于确定句表示用于确定句表示“任何任何”的意思。的意思。Any day is okay for me.(7)one,both,all one指人或物，指人或物，“一个一个”，其复数为，其复数为ones This is not the one I want.(表语表语)返回书目one 的用法的用法Both的用法both指人或指物，指人或指物，“两者都两者都”This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语定语)留意：留意：1)both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用完全否定时，用neither。Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是老师。我们俩并不都是老师。Neither of us is a teacher.我们俩都不是老师。我们俩都不是老师。2)both不能放在不能放在the、these、those、my等之后，等之后，而应放在它们的前面。而应放在它们的前面。Both my parents like this film.all“全部的全部的”、“完全的完全的”，可与可数或不行，可与可数或不行数名词连用，表示数名词连用，表示“全部的全部的”、“全部的全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物。指三个或三个以上的人或物。He gave me all the money.All the schools are flooded.all 的用法的用法all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。Not all the ants go out for food.All the ants dont go out for food.并不是全部的蚂蚁都出去找寻食物。并不是全部的蚂蚁都出去找寻食物。None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。这钱一分也不是我的。返回书目留意留意（8）few,little a few,a little few和和little表示没有多少，含否定意义表示没有多少，含否定意义a few 和和a little表示有一些，有几个，含表示有一些，有几个，含确定意义。确定意义。另外另外few、a few 修饰可数名词；修饰可数名词；little、a little修饰不行数名词。修饰不行数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。(9)either和和neither either“两者中任何一个两者中任何一个”，修饰或代替，修饰或代替单数可数名词单数可数名词neither“两者中没有一个两者中没有一个”，修饰或代，修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句在替单数可数名词，它们可在句在作主语、作主语、宾语或定语宾语或定语。Here are two pens.You may take either of them.(宾语宾语)Neither boy knows French.(定语定语)返回书目many和和much都表示都表示“很多很多”，但，但many修饰或代替复数可数名词，修饰或代替复数可数名词，much修饰或代替不行数名词。修饰或代替不行数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。（10）many和和muchno=not any,表示表示“没有没有”，用来修饰可数名词，用来修饰可数名词或不行数名词，通常作定语或不行数名词，通常作定语He is no child.=He is not a child.none代替不行数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数代替不行数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。数也可用复数形式。留意留意none既可以指人又可以指物，既可以指人又可以指物，no one只能指人。只能指人。（11）no和和noneeach other相互代词无人称、数和格的区分，在句相互代词无人称、数和格的区分，在句中作宾语。其全部格分别为中作宾语。其全部格分别为each others 作定语。作定语。6.相互代词相互代词who,whom,which,what,whose 疑问代词在句中疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、作主语、宾语、定语和表语定语和表语。7.疑问代词疑问代词（1）who/what 询问姓名或关系询问姓名或关系Who is he?He is my brother./He is Henry.询问职业或地位询问职业或地位What is he？He is a lawyer/teacher.What/who 作主语时，谓作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于说话人的语动词的数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复数。视点，可单数也可复数。What is/are on the table?Who is/are in the library?(2)which与与who、what which表示在确定范围表示在确定范围内内who、what则无此限制则无此限制 I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它们与以及它们与ever合成的代词合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。等。它们用来引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句，它们用来引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句，即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担当即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担当确定的句子成分确定的句子成分以连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加以连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加that8.连接代词连接代词关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词包括包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。等。9.关系代词关系代词一、单句填空一、单句填空 1.Our neighbours gave us a baby bird yesterday that hurt _ when it fell from its nest.(湖南湖南)2.Isnt it amazing how the human body heals _ after an injury?(江西江西)itself itself 3.To save class time,our teacher has _ students do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for our homework.(湖南湖南)4.I intended to compare notes with a friend,but unfortunately _ couldnt spare me even one minute.(重庆重庆)us they 5.-Is your camera like Bills and Anns?-No,but its almost the same as_.6.The boy promised_ mother never to lie to _again.(全国全国)yours her his7.Tom felt that he knew everybodys business better than they knew it_.(全国全国)8.On my desk is a photo that my father took of _ when I was a baby.(2010四川卷四川卷)themselves me 9.If our parents do everything for us children,we wont learn to depend on_.(2010上海卷上海卷)ourselves 二、语篇填空二、语篇填空(A)Yesterday evening,when I went to town with 1_ mother,we met a strange old man.It was raining hard and we had no umbrella.2 _ were trying to get into a taxi when 3_ came up to us.myWeheHe was carrying a nice umbrella and he said that he would give it to 4_for only a pound.He had forgotten 5_ wallet,and he,needed taxi-fare to go back home.My mother didnt believe what he had said at first,and asked him a lot of questions such as“Is this umbrella 6_?”ushisyours But the old man didnt get into a taxi.We followed 7_ and found he went into a pub and bought 8_ a glass of whiskey with the pound.After he drank 9_,he put on his hat and took up one of the many wet umbrellas there and went off with the new10_.Soon after that,he sold it again.himhimselfitone(B)One day,as Zeng Zis wife was going out,her child began to cry,begging to go with 1_.“Stay home,”the mother said to him.“When 2_ return,well kill a pig for3_ dinner!”herIyour When she came back,4_ found Zeng Zi preparing to slaughter a pig for the childs meal.She hurried over to stop 5:_“What are you doing?Youre not really going to kill a pig,are you?I was just kidding him!”shehim“How can 6_ lie to children?”Zeng Zi replied.“7 _learn each and 8_ movement from 9 _ parents.If 10_ deceive your child with lies,you are teaching the child to lie.One cannot educate children this way.”In the end,Zeng Zi killed the pig.weTheyeverytheiryou1.表示两者表示两者“都都”用用both，两者中的，两者中的“任何任何一个一个”用用_，两者，两者“都不都不”，用，用_；表示多者；表示多者“都都”用用_，多者，多者中的中的“任何一个任何一个”用用_;多者多者“都不都不”用用none。anyeitherneitherall2.另外，还须留意以下几点：另外，还须留意以下几点：(1)表示否定可说表示否定可说not.either/any，但没有，但没有either/any.not的说法。的说法。(2)none可指人或物，一般要接表示范围的可指人或物，一般要接表示范围的of短语；短语；no one只能指人只能指人(=nobody)，不能，不能接接of短语。短语。(3)both/all与与not连用表示部分否定，意为连用表示部分否定，意为“并非都并非都”。1.To know more about the British Museum,you can use the Internet or go to the library,or _.(天津天津)2.It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which _ of the parents spoke the language.(北京北京)一、单句填空一、单句填空bothneither3.-Which of the two computer games did you prefer?-Actually I didnt like _ of them.(宁夏宁夏)4.-How do you find your new classmates?-Most of them are kind.But _ is so good to me as Bruce.(福建福建)eithernone5.Richard is taller than _ of us three.6.They were _ tired,but none of them would stop to take a rest.7.Id like some more cheese.-Sorry,theres _ left.(浙江浙江)anyallnone 8.Wow!Youve got so many clothes.But _ of them are in fashion now.(2009上海卷上海卷)9.He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found_ of them again.(2010重庆卷重庆卷)none either 二、语篇填空二、语篇填空 My friend Tony and I always walk home together after school，for 1 _ live in the same block and 2_ of us go in for football.One afternoon on 3_ way home,we were about to say goodbye when we heard a loud shout behind 4_.webothourus As we looked around to see what had happened,we found a middle-aged woman lying on the ground,bleeding.We soon realized that 5_ had been knocked down by the black car in front of her.sheWe hurried to help 6_,but a man with dark glasses came over and tried to prevent Tony and 7 _ from getting closer to the wounded woman.So we got very angry with the man.How could 8_ stop us from helping a dying woman?The man asked us to turn around and we were surprised to see 9_ man carrying a video camera on 10_ shoulder.They were just shooting a film!hermeheanotherhis1.泛指：泛指：another或或“another单数可数名单数可数名词词”泛指泛指“另一，再另一，再(加加)一个一个”；其复数形；其复数形式是式是 _或或“other复数名词复数名词”泛指泛指“别人或别的事物别人或别的事物”。另外，还有。另外，还有some._(有些有些有些有些)之搭配。之搭配。othersothers2.特指：特指：the other或或“the other+单数可数单数可数名词名词”特指两者中的另一个，常有特指两者中的另一个，常有one._(一个一个另一个另一个)的搭的搭配；其复数形式配；其复数形式_或或“the other 复数名词复数名词”，特指在某些人或物中，除去，特指在某些人或物中，除去一部分后，一部分后，“其余的其余的”人或物。人或物。the othersthe other3.特殊用法：特殊用法：another用于用于“another基数词基数词(包括包括few)复数名词复数名词”中，与中，与“基数基数(包括包括some)other/more复数名复数名词词”相当。相当。1.We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun,so lets have_ one this month.(天津天津)2.Both sides have accused _ of breaking the contract.(上海上海)anotherthe other3.Some people like to stay at home on Sunday but _ like to go to the cinema.4.If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay _$15.othersanother5.I have four pens.One is red;_(=_three)are black.6.I got the story from Tom and _ people who had worked with him.(天津天津)the othersthe othersome other 7.I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face _ day like that.(2009山东卷山东卷)8.Ill spend half of my holiday practicing English and _ half learning drawing.(2010全国卷全国卷I)another the other 9.Neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth thing over between them.(2010全国卷全国卷II)the other 1._和和_都替代都替代“the+单数名词单数名词”，都是特指，都可替代可数和不行数名词；但都是特指，都可替代可数和不行数名词；但_ 指前面提到的指前面提到的“同一同一”事物，而事物，而_是指前面提到的是指前面提到的“同类同类”事物。事物。itthatitthat2._替代替代“a单数可数名词单数可数名词”，表示泛指；其复数形式表示泛指；其复数形式_替代泛指替代泛指的复数名词。的复数名词。oneones3._是是one的特指，替代的特指，替代“the+单单数名词数名词”，相当于，相当于that；其复数形式；其复数形式_，替代，替代“the+复数名词复数名词”，在口语中也可用在口语中也可用those代替。当后面有代替。当后面有of短语时，多用短语时，多用that或或those；当有前置修；当有前置修饰语时，只能用饰语时，只能用one(s)。the onethe ones4.one(s),the one(s),those都只能替代都只能替代_名词。名词。可数可数一、单句填空一、单句填空1.My father bought me a pen and I like2._ very much.2.Few pleasures can equal_ of a cool drink on a hot day.(A)用用one(s),the one(s),it,that,those等填空。等填空。itthat3.We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen.So Peter made _ from some wood we had.4.The items we received are not_ we ordered.onethe ones/those5.This dictionary is more useful than _I bought yesterday.6.We still have shortcomings,and they are very big _ too.that/the oneones7.Waves of red light are about twice as long as _ of blue light.8.The population of Scotland was eight times as large as _ of Cornwall.thosethat9.One of the most important questions they had to consider was _ of public health.(2009全国全国I)10.The CDs are on sale!Buy one and you get _ completely free.(2009全国全国)thatone11.Helping others is a habit,_ you can learn even at an early age.(2010山东卷山东卷)(B)用适当的不定代词填空。用适当的不定代词填空。12.When you introduce me to Mr Johnson,could you please say _ for me?(2010福建卷福建卷)one something 13._ in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.(2010天津卷天津卷)14._ thats important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.(2010浙江卷浙江卷)Nothing All 二、语篇填空二、语篇填空 It is reported 1_ in most developed countries the government provides free education for children because 2_ realizes that educated citizens are useful to the country in 3_ later life.Most countries also have private education.thatittheir4 _means that parents can pay to have their children sent to certain schools.People who agree with this system say that 5 _ gives parents a larger choice of schools.Moreover,6 _ people think that private schools give the children who go to 7 _ an unfair advantage over other children.Thisitother them At the age of three,many children go to nursery schools.Two or three years later,8_ ente