何兆熊综合英语第二册Unit.ppt

.The Jeaning of AmericaCarin QuinnUnit 101.THE JEANING OF AMERICA.bankersdeadbeats.FashiondesignersBeerdrinkers.American Symbol-bluejeans.Lesson 1:OverviewLesson 1:OverviewPre-reading questionsBackground information Getting to know the new wordsGlobal understanding6.Pre-reading QuestionsPre-reading QuestionsHow many jeans do you have in your wardrobe?Do you like blue jeans?Why/Why not?What do your think are the merits and demerits of jeans?Do you know any famous brand names of jeans?7.Some Famous DesignersSome Famous DesignersLeeCalvin KleinLEVISWranglerDKNYFAIRWHALEMiss sixtyTexwood8.Types of JeansTypes of JeansAcid-wash jeansAcid-wash jeansDesigner jeansDesigner jeansDouble-kneed jeansDouble-kneed jeansBoot-cut jeansBoot-cut jeans9.Types of JeansTypes of JeansBell-bottomedFlare SkinnySlim fitRelax fitLoose fitLow riseOverall Cuffed 10.Fashion SetFashion SetBoot-cut Boot-cut JeansJeansTeenage Teenage wearwear11.Categories of Fashion DesignCategories of Fashion Design Haute couture:(Frenchfor“high-fashion”)高级时装Ready-to-wear:Ready-to-wearcollectionsareusuallypresentedbyfashionhouseseachseasonduringaperiodknownasFashionWeek.成衣Mass market:Themassmarketcatersforawiderangeofcustomers,producingready-to-wearclothesinlargequantitiesandstandardsizes.12.Getting to know the new wordsGetting to know the new wordsPronunciation check(page 190)Concept visualizedWord classificationWord derivationWord differentiation13.Concept VisualizedConcept VisualizedHook Loop Rivet 14.Coupling15.Concept VisualizedConcept VisualizedDitch:narrow channel dug at the side of a road or fieldLode:排水道；排水沟；矿脉16.Concept VisualizedConcept VisualizedIndigo Inseam=inside leg Ore 17.Concept VisualizedConcept VisualizedDude Ranch:(inthewesternUS)acattleranchconvertedtoaholidaycentrefortourists度假牧场（农场）Dude:(oftenasaformofaddress)aman;aguy18.Meaning&Usedudedude:amanHesarealcool.Hey,whatsup?ranchranch:alargefarmHewenttoworkona.19.Sundries:Sundries:small articles of various types20.Classification of WordsPeople of a Certain KindPeople of a Certain Kindpeddler =pedlar 小贩deadbeat 懒汉 lumberjack=lumberman 伐木工 proletariat 无产阶级；工人阶级 proletarian aristocrat/aristocracy贵族bureaucrat 官僚（主义者）bureaucracy democrat21.Classification of Words sturdy;sturdy;tough;tough;stiff;manlystiff;manlyShoes are _ usually when they Shoes are _ usually when they are new.are new.With his _ legs he could keep With his _ legs he could keep running for hours.running for hours.Only _ breeds of sheep can Only _ breeds of sheep can live in the mountains.live in the mountains.He looked so _ in his He looked so _ in his uniform.uniform.stiffsturdytoughmanly22.Classification of WordsNounsNouns _areusedtojointhecarriagesofthetraintogether.（挂钩）Wedontuse_tosellourproducts.（噱头；花招）Itemssuchasenvelopes,paper,andstampswerelumpedtogetherinthebillas_.（杂项；杂物）Thetreeisonemeterin_.（围长）Couplingsgimmickssundriesgirthperimeter23.Classification of WordsNounsNouns Thedrainage_alongthesidesoftheroadhasbeencovered.（沟、渠）Lightshonethrougha _ underthedoor.（切/裂口）Themetalplatesusedinmakingshipsusedtobe_together,butnowtheyreusuallywelded.（铆接）ditchslitriveted24.Classification of WordsNounsNounsThedoghadbeentrainedtojumpthrough_.（环；大圈）Hetieda_ofropearoundhisarm.（环，绳圈）Ihadafishontheendofmy_.（挂钩；吊钩）loophookhoop25.Classification of WordsAdjectives&AdverbsAdjectives&AdverbsThousandswerekilledinthe _ battle.(=following)_wehadnofurthercommunicationwiththem.(=afterwards)ThetownwasbuiltnearabridgeontheRiverCam;_thenameCambridge.(=therefore)ensuingThereafterhence26.Meaning&Usebeckonbeckon:tocallCitylifesmanyacountryboy.Thepeddleredmetofollowhim.Anentirenewera,theeraofknowledgeeconomy,isinguson.Coffeehouses,fast-foodjoints,andeverykindofrestaurantedustotryeverykindoffood.27.Meaning&UsePacifyPacify:calmorsoothetheangerordistressof(sb)使（某人）安静,息怒;抚慰Hepacifiedhiscryingchildwithabottle.Inspiteofmyeffortstoitthebabycontinuedtocry.Itwasdifficultforthepolicetotheangrycrowd.Hetriedtohiscreditorsbyrepayingpartofthemoney.为安抚债权人他偿还了部分债务.28.Meaning&UseAppropriateAppropriate:盗用；侵吞；拨（专款）盗用；侵吞；拨（专款）Heissuspectedofappropriatinggovernmentfunds.Congressd$5millionforInternationalWomansYear.Someoftheoppositionpartyspolicieshavebeendbythegovernment.29.Meaning&UseTearTear:Hetorehisshirtonanail.Theboytoreapageout ofthebook.Thechildwastornfromitsmothersarms.Thisclothseasily.Iraqisnowacountrytornbywar.Herheartwastornbygrief.30.Meaning&UseMarginalMarginal:Theresonlyadifferencebetweenthetwoestimates.Thisonceimportantsocialgroupisbecomingmoreandmore(tothewaythecountryisrun).Thestorywillonlybeofinteresttoourreaders.31.Meaning&UseLegitimateLegitimate:Isthisbusinessstrictly?Thearmymustgivepowerbacktothegovernment.Itseemedaperfectlyquestion.Politiciansaretargetsforsatire.legal;lawful32.Meaning&Useseek afterseek after:totrytogetHispaintingsaremuchsoughtafter.Onemustntaftercomfort,personalfameandgains.Obviouslytheycameheretoaftertruth.Heisingafter/forsomethingtoserveasatable.Ourfightersareingaftertheenemy.Thegirlissoughtafterbymyfriend.33.Meaning&Usestand up tostand up to:Thiscoatwillnotuptotheseverewinters.Thatclothisdesignedtouptoalotofwearandtear.Theoldmanshealthwillnotuptothecolddampclimate.34.Meaning&Usejump atjump at:WhenIheardaboutGmail,Iedatthechancetogetanaccount.Whenhewasinvitedtogoridinginthecountry,heedatthechance.SheedatthechanceofatriptoParis.35.Meaning&Useeke outeke out:补偿不足；弥补不足Theydoutapoorexistencebysellingflowers.Theydouttheensuingmonthspennybypenny.ShedoutherwagesbyworkingSundays.36.Meaning&Usebreak upbreak upMeetingshavebeenbrokenup.Hedecidedtouphisdullroutineandwentonanadventurearoundtheworld.Thepolicebrokeupthefightamongthetwoblackgangs.Thecrowdstartedtoupwhenthenightfell.37.Word DerivationWord DerivationN.symbolV.prosperpacifystuffA.N.V.patenthookA.toughlegitimatesymbolizesymbolicprosperityprosperouspacificationpacificstuffstuffypatentpatenthookhookedtough/toughnesstoughlegitimacylegitimize38.Word DerivationWord DerivationN.immigrantboostV.A.stifffaultyN.legendbureaucratN.sundriesreliabilitycouplingtributeA.stiffnessstiffenfaultfaultimmigrateboostlegendary bureaucraticsundryreliablecoupletributary39.Word DerivationWord DerivationN.loopV.slitemigrateconfineN.rivetV.purchaseappropriatehaulN.A.proletarianubiquitousmarginalmanlyslitloopemigration-mentpurchaserivetappropriationhaulproletarian-nessmarginmanliness40.Word DifferentiationBoost vs.BoomBoost vs.BoomThisnewshasgivensharepricesabig_.Theunexpectedwin_theteamsmorale（士气）.Thebigtaxcutsfuelledaconsumer_.Livingstandardsimprovedrapidlyduringthepost-war_.California_whengoldwasdiscoveredthere.boostboostedboomboomboomed41.Word DifferentiationEmigrant vs.ImmigrantTheshipwasfullof_leavingLiverpoolforAustralia.Illegal_willbesentbacktotheirowncountriesiftheyarecaught.Summer_nesthere._ workersmovefromcountrytocountryinsearchofwork.emigrantsimmigrantsmigrantsMigrant42.Word DifferentiationDying vs.DyeingThesmalltowniswellknownforitsprintingand_industry.Iwillrememberittomy_days.Shelookedafterher_motherformonths.Thisishisdying wish.Susan_herhairblondeyesterday.dyeingdyingdyingdyed43.Word DifferentiationStiff vs.StuffThisistoo_;Icantbenditwithmyhands.Theicehasmadeeverything_._ thecushionandthensewupthefinalseam.Theydbeen_themselveswithsnacksallafternoon,sotheydidntwantanydinner.stiffstiffStuffstuffing44.Word DifferentiationSlot vs.SlitIputmymoneyinthe_andpressedthebuttonbutnothingcameout.She_opentheenvelopewithaknife.Hesbeengivenaregularten-minute_ ontheradio.Makeasmall_ ineachchickenbreastandpushinapieceofgarlic.slotslotslitslit45.Word-Formationoutout-=beyond;further;defeat;soastobebetterthanIcanout-argueyouanyday.Hehasoutlivedhistwinbrotherbythreeyears.Hesout-grownhisclothes.TheywerebusysoIleftIdidntwanttoout-staymywelcome.46.Word-Formationidioidio-=personal;distinctKeepingpetsnakesisan idiosyncrasyofhis.（癖好）Apersonsparticularuseoflanguageisoftenreferredtoashisidiolect.HespeaksinthefamiliarWashingtonidiom.47.Abstraction&NominalizationAbstraction&NominalizationTonominalizemeanstoformanounfromaverboranadjective.Whensuchsuffixesas“-ness”,“-ing”,“-tion”,“-ity”and“-dom”areaddedtoaverboranadjective,theycanturntheverboradjectiveintoanabstractnoun.Theword“jeaning”isanabstractionbasedon“jean”,meaningtheprocessofmakingjeanspartoftheAmericanculture.48.Background InformationBackground InformationLevi StraussLevi Strauss49.Global UnderstandingGlobal UnderstandingWhatdoyouthinkistheauthorspurposeofwriting?TotellhowthebluejeanscameintobeingandhavebecomeanAmericansymbol.Whatdoyouthinkischaracteristicofaninvestigativewriting?Research-basedFactualandobjective50.A Global PictureA Global Picture“JeaningofAmericaisaprimeexampleofhowsomethingbecomesAmericanized.ThisarticleisaboutLeviStrauss,adirtpoorimmigrantwhomadehiswaytoAmerica,headedwest,foundaneedforanewtypeofclothing,madethefirstlevis,andtherestishistory.Whowouldhavethoughtthatasimple,yettoughfabric,sewntogether,withrivetsreinforcingthepockets,couldhavechangedthewaythatsocietydressed?51.A Global PictureA Global PictureThisisapieceofinvestigativewritingwhichexploresthehistoryofthebluejeans,oneofAmericassymbolstoday.Theauthorprovidessomeimportantinformationconcerningwhotheinventorwaswhen and howthepantscameintobeingwhytheyhavebecomepopularwhat theysymbolize.52.Structure of the TextPart I(para.1)StatusofbluejeansPart II(para.2-3)IntroductionofLeviStraussPart III(para.4-5)BirthofthefirstbluejeansPart IV(para.6)GrowthandpopularityofthebluejeansPart V(pa.7)Meritsofthebluejeans53.Lesson 2:OverviewLesson 2:OverviewWord reviewBackground informationText analysis54.Which word means?Strong and firmRigid and firmDefective IncreaseDependabilityTo callLawfulBad-temperedSturdyStiffFaultyBoostReliabilityBeckonLegitimateMean-tempered55.Which word means?TobuyAthingofvalueAlazyaimlesspersonBarelyadequateTochangeintoToexistlongerthanTotakeforoneselfAfterwardsFollowingTolimitorrestrictPurchaseCommodityDeadbeatMarginalConvert intoOutliveAppropriateThereafterEnsuingConfine 56.What does it mean in Chinese?What does it mean in Chinese?ProletarianBureaucratPatentCanvasOreAcidRivetCouplingLoopHook无产阶级的无产阶级的官僚官僚专利专利帆布帆布矿石矿石酸酸铆钉铆钉/接接车钩；挂钩车钩；挂钩环；绳圈环；绳圈挂钩挂钩57.Word ReviewWord ReviewComplete the following sentences.SheiswritingathesisonIrishl_andmythology.MillionsofGermanse_fromEuropetoAmericainthe19thcentury.Ourlanguageisnowunderthepressurefromtheu_spreadofEnglish.AUNforcehasbeensentintotryandp_theareaworstaffectedbythecivilwar.Heb_hertositbutthenignoredher.legendemigratedubiquitouspacifybeckoned58.Word ReviewWord ReviewTheyhavebeengivenpermissiontorungamblinghalls,theonlyl_gamblinginthearea.Ap_willberefusedifdetailsoftheitemhavealreadybeenreleasedtothepublic.Thepromiseoflowertaxationmayhavebeenjustanelectiong_togainvotes.Therewasatremendousc_forelaboratehairstylesin1980s.Thepartyspowerbasewasc_tooneprovince.legitimatepatentgimmickcrazeconfined59.Idiom ReviewIdiom ReviewWhenhewasinvitedtogoridinginthecountry,he_thechance.They_apoorexistencebysellingflowers.Theoldmanshealthwillnot_thecolddampclimate.Theminister_themenwhohadfoughttheearthquake.Hewasmuch_onaccountofhiswidereadingsandbrilliantconversationalpowers.jumped ateked outstand up topaid tribute tosought after60.Idiom ReviewIdiom ReviewHe_hisdollars_poundsuponarrivinginLondon.Theman_thesmallbranchesbeforecuttingdownthetree.They_along-runninglegalbattlewiththeirneighbours.Tropicalplants_thejungle.Theythrewhimoutbecauseword_thathewastakingdrugs.converted into chopped off are engaged inabound ingot around61.Background InformationBackground Information(appearingintwovolumes:1835and1840)The Old Regime and the Revolution(1856)Inbothoftheseworks,heexploredtheeffectsoftherisingequalityofsocialconditionsontheindividualandthestateinwesternsocieties.Alexis de TocquevilleAlexis de Tocqueville(18051859)wasaFrenchpoliticalthinkerandhistorianbestknownforhisbooks:Democracy in America62.Background InformationBackground InformationNmesNmes（尼姆）（尼姆）(para.5)acityinsouthernFrancenotedforitsmanywell-preservedRomanremains.Nmeshasarichhistory,datingbacktotheRomanEmpire,anditisapopulartouristdestination.63.Background InformationBackground InformationNevadaNevada(para.5)ItslargestcityisLasVegas.Thestatesnicknameisthe“SilverState”,duetothelargenumberofsilverdepositsthatwerediscoveredandminedthere.wellknownforitseasymarriageanddivorceproceedings,entertainment,legalizedgamblingandlegalizedactivebrothels（妓院）.64.Background InformationBackground InformationSmithsonian Institute(para.7)aUSfoundationforeducationandscientificresearchinWashingtonD.C.openedin1846originatedina100,000bequest（遗赠）inthewilloftheEnglishchemistandmineralogistJamesSmithson(1765-1829)nowresponsibleforadministeringmanymuseums,artgalleries,andotherestablishments.65.Smithsonian InstituteSmithsonian Institute66.Smithsonian MuseumSmithsonian Museum67.Language PointsLanguage PointsDraw a distinction(para.1)Itsimportanttodrawabetweenthepoliciesoftheleadersandtheviewsoftheirsupporters.Shedrawsanimportantbetweenthedifferentkindsofillness.Wedrawnobetweenthetwokindsofspelling.Authority(para.1)Thegovernmentisthehighestinthecountry.TheiesinSpainhaverefusedtoallowhimtoenterthecountry.68.Sentence HighlightSentence HighlightThey draw no distinctions and recognize no classes:they are merely American.(para.1)Theydonotshowdifferencesinthewearersprofessionsandsocialstatus.TheyarejustanAmericansymbol.穿着它们的人不分阶级，不讲究差别：它们只不过是美国的象征。69.Language PointsLanguage PointsBlack market(para.1)Gangsarebuyingassault（攻击性的）weaponsontheblackmarket.Awomansellingblackmarketcigaretteswasbeatenonthestreet.Have been around(para.1):havealotofvariedexperienceandunderstandingoftheworldThatguysbeenaround.那个家伙见过世面。70.Sentence HighlightSentence HighlightYet they are sought after almost everywhere in the world including Russia,where authorities recently broke up a teenaged gang that was selling them on the black market for two hundred dollars a pair.(para.1)但它们却几乎在全世界都受到了人们的追捧包括在俄罗斯，那里的政府当局最近刚刚捣毁了一个少年犯罪团伙，他们在黑市上以200美元一条的高价兜售牛仔裤。71.Language PointsLanguage PointsBavaria(para.2):巴伐利亚州astateofsouthernGermany,formerlyanindependentkingdomTurmoil(para.3):stateofconfusionShecouldntthink;hermindwasin(a)complete.Hisassassinationthrewthecountryinto.72.Language PointsTake a chance/take chances(on sth)/take ones chance(s)(para.3)Theydecidetotakeachancewithweather.Althoughheknewtheoddswereagainsthim,hedecidedtotakehischancesinthegame.Thestoreclosesinhalfanhour.Letstakeourchancesandseeifwecanmakeitintime.73.Language PointsLanguage PointsThe main chance(para.3)Mr.Brownisadeveloperwithaneyeonthemainchance.Ifeelcalledupontodoit;thismaybemymainchance.我感到非做不可，这可能是我的大好机会。Push(para.3):promotethesaleoruseDonthertojoininifshedoesntwantto.Thecompanyareingtheirnewproducts.Heusedthesalesconferencetohislatestideas.74.Sentence HighlightSentence Highlight For two years he was a lowly peddler,hauling some 180 pounds of sundries door to door to eke out a marginal living.(para.3)Lowly(para.3):lowinstatus;humbleShesbeentoogoodforherposition.Itwasunheardofforatradesmanofsuchstatustothreatenhiscustomersinsuchafashion.Fortwoyears,heworkedasapeddleroflowsocialstatus,draggingheavybagsofvariousarticlesfr