新编英语教程6 Unit .ppt

Unit2TheFineArtofPuttingThingsOffAppreciationofthemovieFlippedBackgroundInformation/Director：RobReinerisanAmericanactor,director,producer,writer,andpoliticalactivist.Fromthe1980stopresentday,ReinerhasbeenknownasadirectorofsuccessfulHollywoodfilms.SomeofthesefilmsThe Princess Bride,Stand by Me,andThis Is Spinal Taphaveachievedcultstatus.ReinerhasstatedthatthefilmwhichwillgodownashismasterpieceisStand by Me.Thefilmisalsohisfavoritefilmofhisownwork.Reinerhasgoneontodirectothercriticallyandcommerciallysuccessfulfilmswithhisowncompany,CastleRockEntertainment,suchasWhen Harry Met Sally.,Misery,andhismostcommerciallysuccessfulworkA Few Good Men.OneofReinersmostrecentfilms,The Bucket List,wasreleasedinDecember2007andstarredJackNicholsonandMorganFreemanastwoterminallyillmenwhoescapefromacancerwardandheadoffonaroadtripwithawishlistoftaskstoaccomplishbeforetheydie.Reinerslatestfilm,Flipped,wasreleasedin2010Inthismovie,thedirectorportraitssix-yearjourneyofa“relationship”betweentwoneighborhoodyoungsters1.This Is Spinal TapActor,Director,Song-Writer(1984)摇滚万岁2.The Sure ThingDirector(1985)犯贱情人3.Stand by MeDirector(1986)伴我同行本片获1987年金球奖最佳电影、最佳导演提名，1987年奥斯卡奖最佳编剧提名。4.The Princess BrideDirector(1987)公主新娘1988年奥斯卡最佳音乐奖；1987年多伦多国际电影节民选奖Letslookathimasdirector:5.When Harry Met Sally.Director(1989)当哈利碰上莎莉影片以柏拉图式感情的可能性（或称不可能性）为主题，展现了都市男女的困惑。6.MiseryDirector(1990)危情十日（斯蒂芬金的小说改编）7.A Few Good MenDirector(1992)好人寥寥或义海雄风汤姆克鲁斯TomCruise；戴米摩尔DemiMoore；杰克尼科尔森JackNicholson1993年奥斯卡最佳影片，最佳男配角，最佳剪辑，最佳音响四项提名8.NorthDirector(1994)9.The American PresidentDirector(1995)白宫夜未眠10.Ghosts of MississippiDirector(1996)密西西比谋杀案11.The Story of UsDirector(1999)KISS情人布鲁斯威利斯BruceWillis；米歇尔菲佛MichellePfeiffer12.Alex&EmmaDirector(2003)当阿历克斯遇到艾玛13.Rumor Has It.-Director(2005)流言蜚语（珍妮弗安妮斯顿JenniferAniston凯文科斯特纳KevinCostner）14.The Bucket ListDirector(2007)遗愿清单15.FlippedDirector,Producer,Screenplay(2010)怦然心动GeneralQuestions:1.Howmanycharactersarethereinthemovie?2.Andwhoarethey?3.2.Describetherelationshipbetweenthetwomaincharacters:JuliandBryce.4.3.Describethetwofamilyinyourownwordsfromyourperspective.1.Howmanycharactersarethereinthemovie?Andwhoarethey?Juli;Juliannas/Julisfatherandmother;Julistwinbrothers.Julisretardeduncle,Daniel;Julisgirlfriend;AndSherry/anothergirlwholikesBryceatschoolBryce;Brycesgrandfather;Brycesfatherandmother;Brycessister.Theirneighbors:theladywhoboughttheeggsfromJuli2.Describetherelationshipbetweenthetwomaincharacters:JuliandBryceOnthedayBrycemovesintoavaguelyruralsuburbofanunnamedtown,Juliflipsoverhim.However,thesecond-gradeboywantsnothingtodowithher.SoJuli,wholivesacrossthestreet,stalksBryceforsixyearsuntiljuniorhigh.Thisamountsto,asBrycesvoice-overnarrationputsit,“halfadecadeofstrategicavoidanceandsocialdiscomfort.”ButwhenJulifindsthatBryceisalsoapersonwhoislessthanthesum,shedeterminesnottolikehimanymore.Atthistime,BrycefindsthathealwayslikesJuli.ThisisthestorybetweenJuliandBryce.3.Describethetwofamiliesinyourownwordsfromyourownperspective:Brycesmomanddadstandforsuperficialvaluesandmisleadingappearances.Hisdadisbitterandsnide.Butsadly,hemusthavetradedhisone-timeartisticbent(saxophoneplaying)forbread-winnerdutiesandmiddle-classsocialvirtues.InBrycesfamily,onlyhisgrandfatherreachesouttobefriendwithJulisfamily.HehelpsJulitameherfrontyardandilldisguiseshisdisdainforhisson-in-lawspretensions.Juliesfamilyisartisticandgoodhearted.Dadpaintslandscapes,andMomworkspart-timejobssothefamilycanfunnelmuchoftheirmoneyintomaintainingDadsmentallydisabledbrother,Daniel,inaprivate-carefacility.Twinbrothershavemusicaltalent.WhatisProcrastination?Procrastinationisputtingofforavoidingdoingsomethingthatmustbedone.Itisnaturaltoprocrastinateoccasionally.However,excessiveprocrastinationcanresultinguiltfeelingsaboutnotdoingataskwhenitshouldbedone.Itcanalsocauseanxietysincethetaskstillneedstobedone.Further,excessiveprocrastinationcancausepoorperformanceifthetaskiscompletedwithoutsufficienttimetodoitwell.Inshort,excessiveprocrastinationcaninterferewithschoolandpersonalsuccess.Doyouprocrastinate?Doyouputthingsoff?Findyourselfmakingexcusestogetoutofbothersomelittleduties?Inshort,areyou guilty of that nasty habit of procrastination?Were all guilty of it from time to time,but whenputting things off interferes with your life,therescause for concern.Procrastination can causeproblems at work or school,in your relationships,andwithyourhealth,amongotherthings.Findoutwhyyouprocrastinate.InstructionsofProcrastinationTestEachprocrastinationquestionpointstodifferentbutoverlappingprocrastinationactivities.Youranswerisonathreepointscale:not me,somewhat like me,like me.Scorezerofornotme,oneforsomewhatlikeme,andtwoforlikeme.Whenyoufinishthetest,totalyourscore.TheProcrastinationTestNot me Somewhat like me Like me1.Procrastinationcomesnaturallytome._2.IhaveresponsibilitiesthatImnotdoing._3.Ihaveplansthatstayonthedrawingboard._4.Isidestepuncomfortablepriorities._5.Itellmyselfthatlateristhetimetobegin._6.IstartthingsthatIdontfinish._7.Ihaveahabitofshowinguplate._8.Idelayactingtomeetadeadline._9.Ifindwaystoextenddeadlines._10.Icomeupwithexcusestoexplaindelays._11.Iputoffharddecisions._12.WhenImnotsure,Illavoidthesituation._13.Iputoffmakinganeededlifestylechange._14.Mypessimismcausesdelays._15.MyemotionsaffectwhatIdo._16.Myintimaterelationshipisgoingnowhere._17.Iavoidwhatfrustratesme._18.Igetside-trackedbyconflicts._19.Mydoubtsandfearsinhibitmyactions._20.WhenIfeelanxious,IllavoidwhatIfear._InterpretationEvenwhensomestatementsseemsimilar,theywonthavethesamefeelbecausetheyhavedifferentnuances.Studythesubtlety.Itsayssomethingabouthowyouperceivesituationsorwhatyoudoasresultofyourperceptions.Forexample,itemsixsuggestsbehavior procrastination.Thisisdifferentfromintrigue procrastination(item18),ordecision-making procrastination(item11).Procrastinationrangesfromaninconvenience,toahindrance,todisabling.Andthemeaningofyourtotalscoreissuggestive.Ifyouhaveazerototalscore,whatareyoudoingwastingyourtimetakingthistest?0-15:youneedtopayattentiontotheitemsonwhichyoualwaysscore“2”,becausetheseareyourprocrastinationtendenciesorcausesandtheycanbringinconveniencetoyourlife;15-30:youneedtoretrospectyourlifeandtrytoimprovewhatyoucandoaboutyourprocrastinationbehavior,becausetheyhavealreadybecomehindrancetoyourlife;Ifyouscore30ormore,youhavecometotherightblogsite.Supposeyoumarkmostitemstwo.Maybeyouretoohardonyourself.However,dontdespair.Insteadofmanydifferenttypesofprocrastinationtoaddress,whatyoulikelyhavearemanyexamplesofsomebasicconditionsforprocrastination.Forexample,yourprocrastinationmaybeacombinationof(1)self-doubtsandhesitation,and(2)tensionsensitivityanddiscomfortdodgingreactions.Progressinoneareacancauseimprovementsintheother.OvercomingProcrastinationIntroductionWilliamKnaus,apsychologist,estimatedthat90%ofcollegestudentsprocrastinate.Ofthesestudents,25%arechronicprocrastinatorsandtheyareusuallytheoneswhoendupdroppingoutofcollege.WhatisProcrastination?Procrastinationistheavoidanceofdoingataskwhichneedstobeaccomplished.Thiscanleadtofeelingsofguilt,inadequacy,depressionandself-doubtamongstudents.Procrastinationhasahighpotentialforpainfulconsequences.Itinterfereswiththeacademicandpersonalsuccessofstudents.ExcessiveProcrastination?Procrastinationisputtingofforavoidingdoingsomethingthatmustbedone.Itisnaturaltoprocrastinateoccasionally.However,excessiveprocrastinationcanresultinguiltfeelingsaboutnotdoingataskwhenitshouldbedone.Itcanalsocauseanxietysincethetaskstillneedstobedone.Further,excessiveprocrastinationcancausepoorperformanceifthetaskiscompletedwithoutsufficienttimetodoitwell.Inshort,excessiveprocrastinationcaninterferewithschoolandpersonalsuccess.WhydoStudentsProcrastinate?1.PoorTimeManagement.Procrastinationmeansnotmanagingtimewisely.Youmaybeuncertainofyourpriorities,goalsandobjectives.Youmayalsobeoverwhelmedwiththetask.Asaresult,youkeepputtingoffyouracademicassignmentsforalaterdate,orspendingagreatdealoftimewithyourfriendsandsocialactivities,orworryingaboutyourupcomingexamination,classprojectandpapersratherthancompletingthem.2.DifficultyConcentrating.Whenyousitatyourdeskyoufindyourselfdaydreaming,staringintospace,lookingatpicturesofyourboyfriend/girlfriend,etc.,insteadofdoingthetask.3.Yourenvironmentisdistractingandnoisy.Youkeeprunningbackandforthforequipmentsuchaspencils,erasers,dictionary,etc.Yourdeskisclutteredandunorganizedandsometimesyousit/layonyourbedtostudyordoyourassignments.Youprobablynoticethatalloftheexamplesthatyouhavejustreadpromotetimewastingandfrustration.4.FearandAnxiety.Youmaybeoverwhelmedwiththetaskandafraidofgettingafailinggrade.Asaresult,youspendagreatdealoftimeworryingaboutyourupcomingexams,papersandprojects,ratherthancompletingthem.5.NegativeBeliefssuchas;IcannotsucceedinanythingandIlackthenecessaryskillstoperformthetaskmayallowyoutostopyourselffromgettingworkdone.6.Personalproblems.Forexample,financialdifficulties,problemswithyourboyfriend/girlfriend,etc.7.FindingtheTaskBoring.8.UnrealisticExpectationsandPerfectionism.YoumaybelievethatyouMUSTreadeverythingeverwrittenonasubjectbeforeyoucanbegintowriteyourpaper.Youmaythinkthatyouhaventdonethebestyoupossiblycoulddo,soitsnotgoodenoughtohandin.9.FearofFailure.YoumaythinkthatifyoudontgetanA,youarefailure.Orthatifyoufailanexam,you,asaperson,areafailure,ratherthanthatyouareaperfectlyokpersonwhohasfailedanexam.HowDoIKnowifIProcrastinateExcessively?Youprocrastinateexcessivelyifyouagreewithfiveormoreofthefollowingstatements:1.IoftenputoffstartingataskIfinddifficult2.IoftengiveuponataskassoonasIstarttofinditdifficult.3.IoftenwonderwhyIshouldbedoingatask.4.Ioftenhavedifficultygettingstartedonatask.5.IoftentrytodosomanytasksatoncethatIcannotdoanyofthem.6.IoftenputoffataskinwhichIhavelittleornointerest.7.IoftentrytocomeupwithreasonstodosomethingotherthanataskIhavetodo.8.IoftenignoreataskwhenIamnotcertainabouthowtostartitorcompleteit.9.Ioftenstartataskbutstopbeforecompletingit.10.IoftenfindmyselfthinkingthatifIignoreatask,itwillgoaway.11.IoftencannotdecidewhichofanumberoftasksIshouldcompletefirst.12.IoftenfindmymindwanderingtothingsotherthanthetaskonwhichIamtryingtowork.HowtoOvercomeProcrastination1.Recognizeself-defeatingproblemssuchas;fearandanxiety,difficultyconcentrating,poortimemanagement,indecisivenessandperfectionism.2.Identifyyourowngoals,strengthsandweaknesses,valuesandpriorities.3.Compareyouractionswiththevaluesyoufeelyouhave.Areyourvaluesconsistentwithyouractions?4.Disciplineyourselftousetimewisely:Setpriorities.5.Studyinsmallblocksinsteadoflongtimeperiods.Forexample,youwillaccomplishmoreifyoustudy/workin60minuteblocksandtakefrequent10minutebreaksinbetween,thanifyoustudy/workfor2-3hoursstraight,withnobreaks.Rewardyourselfafteryoucompleteatask.6.Motivateyourselftostudy:Dwellonsuccess,notonfailure.7.Trytostudyinsmallgroups.8.Breaklargeassignmentsintosmalltasks.Keepareminderscheduleandchecklist.9.Setrealisticgoals.10.Modifyyourenvironment:Eliminateorminimizenoise/distraction.Ensureadequatelighting.Havenecessaryequipmentathand.Dontwastetimegoingbackandforthtogetthings.Dontgettoocomfortablewhenstudying.Adeskandstraight-backedchairisusuallybest(abedisnoplacetostudy).Beneat!Takeafewminutestostraightenyourdesk.Thiscanhelptoreduceday-dreaming.Doesprocrastinationhaveanyadvantages?Doyoueverpostponethings,orjustforgetaboutthemforawhile,ortellyourself,Illgettothatlater?Doyousometimesfeelguiltyaboutit?Well,itstruethatprocrastinationcanbeabadhabit,buttherearetimeswhenitcanbeuseful.ProcrastinationWhenYouAreUnsureSometimesprocrastinatingmakessenseifyouarentsureyoushouldbedoingsomething.Ifyouhaventstartedthatbusiness,forexample,maybeyourunconsciousmindissayingyouarentreadytodoit.Lookintothereasonsforyourprocrastination,nottorationalizeyourlackofaction,buttoseeiftherereallyisagoodreasontowait.ProcrastinateWhenYouKnowItsWrongThisiswhereweallneedtolearnbetterprocrastination.Justputoffeatingthatpieceofcakeuntillater.Waitafewmoredaystogotothecasino,ortogettogetherwiththatfriendthatalwaysgetsyouintotrouble.Anytimeyouarethinkingaboutdoingsomethingyoushouldntbedoing,justsay,Illgettothatlater.Thekeytocreativeprocrastinationistorecognizewhichthingsyoushouldandshouldntdo.Byallmeans,learntoovercomethehabitofprocrastinatingongoodactions,butletyourselfgetintothehabitofwaitingtodoharmfulortime-wastingthings.Ofcourseitsbettertoquitbadhabitsandactions,butthisisreallyjustaneasierwaytoquit.Putoffsmokingthatcigaretteoftenenough,andyoullbesmokinglessofthem.Waitacoupledaystogoeatthatfastfood,andyourebreakingthehabit,onestepatatime.Thatscreativeprocrastination.LecturePartI:1.coolonesheels:beforcedtowait;bekeptwaiting2.attestto:serveasanevidencetoaffirm;tobeproofof3.apocalyptic:Forebodingimminentdisasterorfinaldoom4.proconsul:anadministrationinacolonyusuallywithwidepowers殖民地总督5.ruminate:gooverinthemindrepeatedlyandoftenslowly;6.nattering:chattering;hence,noisy7.echelon:rank,level8.fortify:encourage;support9.reappraisal:re-evaluation10.academe:theacademiccommunity;academics11.shrink:psychoanalystorpsychiatrist12.subliminal:Existingorfunctioningoutsidetheareaofconsciousawareness13.truism:anundoubtedorself-evidenttruth14.mellowandmarinate:tomellowistobecomeripeorfullydeveloped,andtomarinateistosteep(meat,fish)inasavorysaucetoenrichitsflavour;here,ripenandmaturePartII:LibraryworkLordChesterfield(4thearl)Chesterfield,PhilipDormerStanhope(1694-1773)wasanEnglishStatesman,authorandorator.Hislongpubliccareerbegunin1715,includinganambassadorshiptotheHague(海牙),aseatinParliament,andasuccessfultenure(任期)aslordlieutenantofIreland.Hisliteraryfamerestsuponhisletters,whicharefullofwitandworldlywisdom,tohisillegitimateson,PhilipStanhope.Theseletterswerefistpublishedin1774underthetitleLetters to His Son.Johns,Samuel(1709-1784):Englishpoet,critic,andmanofletters,theliterarydictatorofEnglandinthelatterhalfoftheeighteenthcenturyandoneofthemostfamouspersonalitiesofhistime.HeisbestknownforhisDictionary of the English Language(1755),whichisinsomerespectsaninnovationinlexicography(词典编撰学).Hehadthestrongestinfluenceofanyofhiscontemporariesontheliterarythoughtandstyleofthelatterpartoftheeighteenthcentury.PartIII:TextAppreciation:1.ThattheelegantearlgotaroundtomarryinghissonsmotherandhadahabitofkeepingworthieslikeDr.Johnsoncoolingtheirheelsforhoursinananteroomatteststothefacteventhemostwell-intentionedmenhavebeenpostponersever.Paraphrase:Infact,thiselegantearlneverfoundthetimetomarryhisillegitimatesonsmother,andhealsohadabadhabitofkeepingpeoplewaitingforlonghoursinhisanteroom,evensuchfamouspeoplelikeDr.Johnson.AndthisprovesthatevenamanlikeLordChesterfield,whowouldstronglyadviseusnottopostpone,iscapableofbeingapostponerhimself.2.MosespleadedaspeechdefecttorationalizehisreluctancetodeliverJehovahsedicttoPharaoh.Hamlet,ofcourse,raisedprocrastinationtoanartform.Paraphrase:MosesusedhisslownessinspeechasajustificationforhisunwillingnesstopassJehovahsordertoPharaoh.AndthroughHamlet,Shakespearemadeprocrastination,hesitation,themajortraitofHamlet,thethemeofhisdramaticart.摩西不愿想法老传达耶和华的法令，便借口说自己语言有缺陷；当然哈姆雷特更是把拖延上升为一种艺术形式。3.Yetforallthetroubleprocrastinationmayincur,delaycanofteninspireandreviveacreativesoul.Paraphrase:Inspi