罗森第九版英文《财政学》课件cha.ppt
CHAPTER 1IntroductionCopyright 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin1-2Defining the Field of StudyPublic Finance the field of economics that analyzes government taxation and spending policiesPublic Sector Economics see definition abovePublic Economics see definition aboveWhat is not part of public finance?1-3Public Finance and IdeologyOrganic view of governmentMechanistic view of government1-4The Legal FrameworkFederal governmentFederal Constitutional provisionsArticle 1,Section 8Article 1,Section 916th Amendment5th Amendment1-5The Legal FrameworkState governmentsFederal constitutional provisions10th amendmentThe State constitutionsLocal governmentsDerive power to tax and spend from the StatesFiscal independence of local governments1-6The Size of GovernmentHow to measure the size of governmentNumber of workersAnnual expendituresTypes of government expenditurePurchases of goods and servicesTransfers of incomeInterest paymentsBudget documentsUnified budgetRegulatory budget1-7State,Local,and Federal Government Expenditures(selected years)1234Total Expenditures(billions)2008 Dollars(billions)*2008 Dollars per capitaPercent of GDP19601237143,95023.3%19702951,3086,37928.4%19808431,9058,36730.2%19901,8732,80411,21032.2%20002,8873,52712,48729.4%20084,7234,72315,48833.1%*Conversion to 2008 dollars done using the GDP deflatorSource:Calculations based on Economic Report of the President,2009 pp.282,286,325,381.Adjusting for InflationAdjusting for PopulationRelative to Economy1-8Government Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP(2008)UnitedStatesSource:Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 2008a.1-9Composition of Federal Expenditures(1965 and 2008)Note decline in DefenseNote increase in Social Security,Medicare and Income SecuritySource:Economic Report of the President,2009 p.379.1-10Source:Economic Report of the President 2009,p.389.Composition of State&Local Expenditures(1965 and 2008)Increase in public welfareDecline in highways1-11Source:Economic Report of the President 2009,p.379.Composition of Federal Taxes(1965 and 2008)Social insurance and individual incometax have become more importantCorporate and othertaxes have become less important1-12Source:Economic Report of the President 2009,p.385.Individual tax more importantProperty tax less importantComposition of State And Local Taxes(1965 and 2005)1-13Changes in the Real Value of DebtInflation tax1-14Doing Research in Public FinancePublic Finance journalsInternational Tax and Public FinanceJournal of Public EconomicsNational Tax JournalPublic FinancePublic Finance QuarterlyGeneral-interest journalsAmerican Economic ReviewJournal of Economic PerspectivesJournal of Political EconomyQuarterly Journal of EconomicsReview of Economics and Statistics1-15Doing Research in Public FinanceOther sourcesJournal of Economic LiteratureBrookings Institutions Studies of Government FinanceCongressional Budget Office reportsNational Bureau of Economic Research working papersTax Foundations Facts and Figures on Government FinanceU.S.Government Printing Office publicationsStatistical Abstract of the United StatesEconomic Report of the PresidentBudget of the United StatesU.S.Census of GovernmentsHistorical Statistics of the United States from Colonial Times to 19701-16Doing Research in Public FinancePublic Finance data available on InternetResources for Economists on the InternetU.S.Census BureauUniversity of Michigans Office of Tax Policy ResearchUrban-Brookings Tax Policy Center
