虚拟语气修改Subjunctiv.ppt

虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气虚拟语气一、在条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以do为例)：虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中表示与事实情况相反表示与事实情况相反条件从句的谓语形式条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况表示现在情况过去式过去式(did)(be常用常用 were)Would/could/might/should(用于第用于第1人称人称)+动动词原形词原形(do)表示过去情况表示过去情况过去完成式过去完成式(had+done上面上面4个情态动词个情态动词+have done表示将来情况表示将来情况过去式过去式(did)should+do were to do4个情态动词个情态动词+do虚拟语气虚拟语气例句例句 1.If I were you,I would go at once.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)2.If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met him.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去过去事实相反)3.If it were sunny tomorrow,I would come to see you.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来将来事实可能相反)虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气二、省略二、省略 if 的条件从句的条件从句当从句中有当从句中有 were,had 或或 should 时，可省略时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首。而把它们放在句首。If I were to meet him tomorrow,I should ask him about it.Were I to meet him tomorrow,If he should fail in the experiment this time,he would try again.Should he fail in the experiment 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中1.If I were in school again,I would wok harder.Were I in school again,I would work harder.2.If you had been here earlier,you would have seen him.Had you been here earlier,you would have seen him.3.If it should rain,the crops would be saved.Should it rain,the crops would be saved.虚拟语气虚拟语气三、错综时间的条件句三、错综时间的条件句即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：1.Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。2.Ifhehadnottakenmyadvice,hewouldntdoitmuchbetterlikethis.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：虚拟语气虚拟语气1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望愿望(wish),坚持（坚持（insist),建议建议(suggest,advice,propose,)，要求要求(demand,request,require,desire)命令命令(order,command)等。等。2、除除wish外，其它动词用外，其它动词用should+do 构成构成,should 可以省略。可以省略。3、wish接宾语从句有三种情况：接宾语从句有三种情况：1)现在：用过去式现在：用过去式 2)过去：用过去完成式过去：用过去完成式(had done)3)将来：用情态动词将来：用情态动词(would/could)+do虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气例句1.Iwishshewouldbeonmyside.我希望她能站在我一边。2.IwishIwere30yearsyounger.我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。3.Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob.我希望你能找到一个好职业。4.Hewishedhehadntdoneit.他想要是他没这样做该多好。5.Heorderedthatthestudentswashtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气4、记住：记住：insist/suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist 表示表示“坚决要求坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即时，用虚拟形式，即 should+do;Insist 表示表示“坚称，坚持说坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。时，用陈述语气，表示事实。Suggest 表示表示“建议建议”时，用虚拟形式。时，用虚拟形式。Suggest 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。时，用陈述语气。例句例句1)The teacher suggested that we(should)clean the blackboard after class.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。2)He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。3)He insisted that he was right.虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气5.在在would(had)rather(宁愿宁愿)引导的宾语引导的宾语从句中从句中6.当从句表示现在或将来的时间时当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词谓语动词要用一般过去时要用一般过去时;表示过去时间时表示过去时间时,谓语动谓语动词要用过去完成时。词要用过去完成时。I would rather he came tomorrow than today.I would rather he painted it blue.I would rather you had gone there.虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中1.Heisnotapilot,buthewisheshe_(be).2.IwishI_(meet)himyesterday.3.Iwishit_(be)finetomorrow.4.Heorderedthework_5.(start)atonce.6.5.Idratheryou_(stay)athomealldaytoday.were had metwould be(should)be started stayedEXERCISES:1.I wish the air _(be)not so polluted around here.2.The doctor suggested he (lead)a more active life-exercise more,and not sit at his desk all day.3.We forgot her telephone number.If we (remember)it,we (give)her a ring.4.I wish he _.A.had not gone B.hasnt goneC.not go D.wont go5.How I wish I _ at your age.A.am B.am not be C.will be D.werewere(should)leadhad rememberedwould have givenAD6.At the meeting the students suggested that the plan _ changed a bit.A.must be B.should be C.would be D.was to be7.He insisted _.A.not to go out with me B.that I not go out with him C.not me to go out with him D.that I dont go out with him8.The dark clouds suggest that it _.A.should rain B.rain C.would rain D.is going to rain9.I wish you _ so much noise.A.dont make B.shouldnt make C.wouldnt make D.mightnt makeBBDC虚拟语气虚拟语气在句型在句型“It is important(necessary,strange,natural)that.”中，中，that 后面的从句中的谓后面的从句中的谓语动词用：语动词用：(should)+动词原形动词原形 例句1.Itsnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。2.Itsnaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。3.Itsimportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在主语从句中在主语从句中1.It is strange that he _(make)such a mistake.Thats unexpected.2.It was required that each student _ (bring)enough food on the trip.(should)make bring3.It is important that he _English before going abroad.A.will study B.studies C.studied D.studyD虚拟语气虚拟语气主句的主句的主语主语常是表示说话人常是表示说话人愿望愿望(wish/desire)、建议建议(suggestion/advice)要求要求(requirement/demand)、命令命令(order,command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用词用(should)+do.Our suggestion is that you(should)be there on time.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在表语从句中在表语从句中在表语从句或方式状从中1.Mydemandisthatyou_(getup)atsix.2.Hespeaksasifhe_(be)anEnglishman.3.Theytalkedasifthey_(be)goodfriendsforyears.(should)get up were had been虚拟语气虚拟语气同位语从句的同位语从句的先行词先行词常是表示说话人常是表示说话人愿望、愿望、建议、要求、命令建议、要求、命令等的名词。等的名词。Thesuggestionthatstudents(should)learnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在同位语从句中在同位语从句中在同位语从句中Presentlyhemadethesuggestionthatthey_(carryon)theirconversationinFrench.(should)carry on虚拟语气虚拟语气在在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实表示与现在事实相反，用过去式相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式与过去事实相反用过去完成式(had done).一、一、as if 连接表语从句连接表语从句shelookedasifsheweremadeofice.她看起来似乎是冰做的helookedasifhehadntsleptfortwodays.二、二、as if 连接让步状语从连接让步状语从 句句Shelookedaftertheboyasifhewereherownson.她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。Hespeakstousasifhehadbeenthere.他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在在 as if 从句中从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气1.ifonly意为：若是.那该多好啊;真希望.;只要,只要.就好表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态IfonlyIhadarrivedintime!Ifonlyshedidntdrivesofast.2.Its(high/right)timethatthat从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should+doItstimethatyoulefthere.虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例1.If only I _(take)his advice,but I didnt.2.Its time that we _ our harvest of corn.A.got in B.get in C.would get in D.could get in3.Its time we _ to the meeting.A.went B.go C.shall go D.are going had takenAA虚拟语气虚拟语气3.一些介词短语一些介词短语,如如:but for(要不是要不是),without,otherwise(否则否则),in that case(如果是那样的话如果是那样的话),表示含蓄的条件表示含蓄的条件,这时这时主句要用虚拟语气主句要用虚拟语气 Without your help,we would not have made such rapid progress.虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例1).Without air,there no living things.2).But for your help,I it.would becouldnt have done1.Even if he _(be)here,he couldnt solve the problem.2.Without air,there _(be)no living things.3.But for your help,I _(not,do)it.werewould becouldnt have done5.I was very busy yesterday,otherwise I _(come)to the meeting.6.Look at the clock!Its(high)time we _(go)home.would have come went/should go虚拟语气虚拟语气1、表示说话人的要求、建议、命令时，常用(should)do表示虚拟形式,主要用于名词性从句中。2、其它情况常用两种形式：表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；表示与过去事实相反用过去完成式。简单的归纳简单的归纳虚拟语气虚拟语气1.Alan_thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.2.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissed3.C.wouldmissD.missed4.2.IfIknewyouwerecoming,I_youattheairport.5.A.hadmetB.met6.C.wouldmeetD.wouldhavemetExercisesAD虚拟语气虚拟语气3.IfonlyI_tomyparents!(ButIdidnt.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten4.TomsuggestedthatAnn_thehouse.A.sellB.soldC.shallsellD.wouldsell5.Iwishthisbus_totheuniversity.A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgoneBAB虚拟语气虚拟语气6.Simonlooksasthoughhenever_asquaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget7.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.been8.I_yousomemoney,butIhadntgotanythen.A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelentCAB虚拟语气虚拟语气9.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.had10.Idontthinkitistherighttimethatyou_.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo11.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenDBC