新视野大学英语第四册单词词组.docx

新视野大学英语第四册单词词组（详）Unit One Section A The Tail of FameWords：1. chase vt. run after sb. or sth. in order to catch them 追逐: 追赶egl. My dog likes chasing rabbits.我的那条狗喜欢追逐兔子。eg2. We were chased by a bull while crossing the field.我们穿过田地时,有一条公牛追逐着我们。2. cruelty n. C, U behavior that makes people or animals suffer 残酷:残忍egl. The book tells readers the cruelty of the slave trade at that time.这本书告诉了读者在那个时候奴隶买卖的残忍。eg2. The farmer was accused of cruelty to animals.这个农民被指控残酷虐待动物。3. pessimistic a. expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that sth. willhave a bad result 悲观的egl. The tone of the meeting was very pessimistic.该会议的气氛非常悲观。eg2. The doctors are pessimistic about his chances of recovery.医生们对他康复的可能性感到悲观。词形变换:pessimism n,悲观主义pessimist n,悲观主义者反optimistic a. optimism n. optimist n.4. conquest n. 1. U the process of gaining control over sth. through great effort 征服; 控制 egl. The conquest of inflation has been the Government's economic priority.控制通货膨胀一直是政府经济工作的重点。eg2. He finally made the conquest of the disease come true,他最后战胜 了 那疾病。2. sing., U the act of taking control of a country, city, etc. by force 征服; 攻占 egl. After the Norman Conquest the forest became a royal hunting preserve.在诺曼征服之后,这片森林就成了皇家狩猎地。eg2. The empire had expanded largely through military conquest.帝国的扩张主要是通过军事占领。5. bankrupt a. without enough money to pay what one owes 破产的eg 1. The company was declared bankrupt.这家公司被宣布破产。eg2. Five years ago she was a successful actress, but now she is bankrupt.五年前她是一个成功的演员,可是现在她贫如洗了。6. motive n. C a reason for doing sth. 动机egl. Why would she have killed him? She had no motive.她为什么会杀他呢?她没有任何动机。eg2.What is the motive behind the bombing? 爆炸背后有什么动机?7. worship vt. admire and love sb. very much 崇拜;敬重;仰慕egl. He worshipped his wifb.他很崇拜妻子。eg2. He was amused by the way younger actors worshipped and copied him.年青演员崇拜他、模仿他的方式使他感到很有意思。8. spur vt. encourage sb. or make them want to do sth.鼓励;朿激egl. Her difficult childhood spurred her on to succeed.她艰难的童年激励她去取得成功。eg2. My trainer spurred me to keep up a pace of four miles an hour.我的教练鼓励我保持每小时4英里的节奏。9. lure n. C sth. that attracts people, or the quality of being able to do this 诱惑 egl. Few can resist the lure of adventure,几乎没有人抵挡得住历险的吸引力。 eg2. It is die lure of money that brings them to the city.是金钱的诱惑使他们来到 了 这城市。 10. drown v.1. have a very strong feeling or a serious problem that is dificult to deal with 沉没于 egl. Relief agencies are drowning in frustration.救济机构都沉浸于沮丧之中。 eg2.1 felt as if I were drowning in sleep.我感到自己好像沉浸在睡眠之中。2. die from being under water for too long, or to kill sb. in this way （使）淹死 egl. Many people drowned when the boat overturned,翻船时有许多人淹匕了 eg2. He drowned in a boating accident.他在一次划船事故中淹死了。11. imperial a. 1. great and magnificent 壮丽的;宏大的 egl. The house is huge and almost imperial,房子很大,极其壮丽。 cg2. It is said that few places on earth offer such imperial scenic beauty as this. 据说世界上很少有地方像这里有如此壮观的美景。2. relating to an empire or to the person who rules it 帝国的; 皇帝的 egl. the decline of an imperial power 强盛帝国的衰败 eg2. Britain's imperial expansion in the 19th century 英帝国在 19 世纪的扩张 12. exploit v. 1. to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself利用（为自己谋利）egl. He exploited his father's name to get himself a job. 他利用他父亲的名声为自己找到份工作。eg2. She realized that her youth and inexperience were being exploited. 他意识到自己的年轻和缺乏经验正受人利用。2. to develop or use sth for business or industry 开发,开采egl. countries exploiting the rainforests for hardwood 为获取硬木而开发热带雨林的国家 eg2. No minerals have yet been exploited in Antarctica.南极洲的矿藏还为开采。词形变换:exploitation n. exploitative a,剥削的,榨取的13. agent n. 1. C sb. whose job is to help an actor, artist, etc. find work 经纪人 egl. A best-selling writer needs a good agent.畅销书作家需要好的经纪人。eg2. My agent has a new script for me to look at.我的经纪人有一个新剧本要我看一看。2. C a person or company that represents another person or company, esp. in business代理人;代理商egl. Our agent in New York deals with all US sales,我们在纽约的代理商处理所有的美国销售 业务。14. hasten vt. make sth. happen sooner or more quickly 力快; 加速 egl. The treatment she received may, in fact, have hastened her death.实际上她接受的治疗加速了她的死亡。eg2. News of the scandal certainly hastened his departure from office. 有关这件丑闻的消息当然加速了他的离职。15. blur n. C sth. that one cannot remember or see clearly 模糊的记忆;模糊不清的事物 egl. The events of that day were just a blur.那天所发生的事情简直就是一片模糊,记不清楚。 eg2. My memory of my childhood days is only a blur,我对童年只有些模糊的记忆。16. continuity 儿U the state of continuing for a period of time 连贯;连续（，性） eg 1. The novel fails to achieve narrative continuity.这部小说在叙述的连贯性上是失败的。eg2. His speech lacks continuity in logic.他的演说缺乏逻辑的连贯性。17. sustain vt. make sth. continue to exist for a period of time 维持;使.持续egl. She managed to sustain everyone*s interest until the end of her speech.她设法使得每个人的兴趣都保持到她演讲结束。eg2. Kangaroos can sustain high speeds over long distances.袋鼠能高速行进很长的距离。词形变换:sustainable a.可持续的18. dissolve v. (of a solid) to mix with a liquid and become part of it 溶解egl. Salt dissolves in water.盐溶解于水。eg2. Heat gently until the sugar dissolves.慢慢加热直到糖溶解为止。词形变换:dissolution n»溶解,解除19. minute a. very small 极小的eg 1. Her writing's so minute that it's difficult to read.她的字迹太小 了，很难认。eg2.The problem was caused by minute particles of dust getting in the disk drive.问题是由进入到磁盘驱动器上的灰尘微粒引起的。20. discount vt. 1. regard sth. as unlikely to be true or important 忽视:低估egl. You shouldn't discount the possibility of him coming back.你们不应该不相信他回来的可能性。eg2. Much of what he says must be discounted.他说的很多话不可信。2. reduce the price of sth.降低价格;打折egl. The store discounts all its merchandise.这家商店的所有商品都打折。eg2. He asked to discount 15% from the price.他要求打八五折。n. C a reduction in the usual price of sth. 折扣egl. They usually give you a discount if you buy more than ten copies.如果你买十本以上,他们通常给你打折扣。eg2. They offer a 10 percent discount on rail travel for students.他们向乘火车旅行的学生提供九折优惠。21. plot n. 1. C the story of a book, film, play,(小说、电影、戏剧等的)情节 egl. The film has a very simple plot这部电影的情节非常简单。eg2.The plots of his books are basically all the same.他写的书在情节上基本都是样的。2. C a secret plan 阴谋;密谋egl. The plot was discovered before it was carried out.这密谋还没进行就已被发现。eg2. The police have foiled a plot to assassinate the President.警方挫败了一起暗杀总统的阴谋。22. distinct a. 1. clearly different or belonging to a different type 明显不同的 egl. The two concepts are quite distinct from each other.这两个概念是有明显区别的。eg2. The learning needs of the two groups are quite distinct from each other.这两个组的学习需要是相当不同的。2. able to be clearly seen, heard, smelled 清晰的:清楚的;明显的 egl. The outline of the ship became more distinct船的轮廓变得更清楚 了。eg2. As night fell, the outline of the mountain became less distinct.夜幕降临,山峦的轮廓变得不那么清楚了。23. fraud n. C, U the crime of deceiving sb. in order to get money or sth. illegally 欺诈:诈骗 egl. She was charged with credit card fraud.她被指控用信用卡诈骗。eg2. Big losses due to theft and fraud forced the company to close.由于偷窃和欺诈造成的巨大损失,这家公司倒闭了。24. contaminate vt. make sth. dirty or poisonous 汚染; 弄脏egl. Much of the coast has been contaminated by nuclear waste.那海岸的许多地方已被核废料污染了。eg2. The food which had been contaminated was destroyed.被污染的食品一经被销毁了。词形变换:contamination n,污染 contaminant n,污染物25. underline vt. 1. draw a line under a word to show that it is important 在.下戈线egl. All the technical words have been underlined in red.所有的技术词汇下面都用红色划了线。eg2.Don't forget to underline the title of the essay.别忘 了 在文章标题下划线。2. emphasize; show that sth. is important 强调,使突出egl. She underlined the seriousness of the situation.她强调 了 形势的严峻性。To underline their disgust, the crowd started throwing bottles at the stage.为了强调他们的厌恶,人群开始向舞台扔瓶子了。26. compromise v. to give up some of your demands after a dispute with sb, in order to reach an agreement (为达成协议而)妥协,折中,让步compromise (with sb. )(on sth)egl. They were unwilling to compromise with the Communists.他们不愿与共产党人妥协。cg2. After much argument, the judges finally compromised on the (=agrccd to give the prize to) the 18-yearold pianist.经过激烈的讨论,评委终于同意那个18岁的钢琴手获奖。n, an agreement made between two people or groups in which each side gives up some of the things they want so that both sides are h叩py at the end 妥协,折中,互让,和解egl. After lengthy talks the two sides finally reached a compromise.双方经过长期的商谈终于达成了妥协。eg2. In any relationship, you have to make compromises,在任何关系中,人们都得做出让步。词形变换:compromising有失体面的,不宜泄漏的27. uncompromising a. unwilling to change one's opinions or behavior 不妥协的;、止步的 egl. He has a reputation for being tough and uncompromising.他因顽强、不妥协出名。eg2. At work, George was known as an uncompromising businessman.在工作上,乔治是个决不让步的商人。28. object vi. oppose or disapprove of sth.反对:不赞成egl. Would anyone object if we start the meeting now?如果我们现在开始开会,有人反对吗?eg2. No one objected when the boss said it was time to go home.当老板说该回家了时,没有人表示反对。object to (doing) sth.egl. Many local people object to the building of the new airport.许多当地的居民反对兴建新机场。eg2. I really object to being charged for parking.我非常反对收停车费。29. accuse vt. say that sb. is guilty of a crime or of doing sth. bad 指投: 控告egl.HIt wasnmy fault.*“这不是我的过错。”*Don*t worry, I*m not accusing you.*“别担心，我不是在指责你。”eg2. He*s been accused of robbery.他被控抢劫。词形变换:accusing a谴责的,指责的accusingly ad.accusatory a,谴责的,指责的,控告的accusation n,控告,起诉,谴责3. suevt. make a legal claim against sb., esp. fbr money 起诉: 控告egl. The company is suing a former employee for breach of contract.该公司正在起诉个前雇员违反合同。eg2. He threatened to sue them if the work was not completed.如果工作完不成,他威胁要起诉他们。31. attorney n. C a lawyer 律师egl. Simpson answered questions from his defense attorney fbr nearly three hours.辛普森回答了将近三小时自己辩护律师提出的问题。eg2. Other investors have hired attorneys and are deciding whom to sue.其他投资者已经雇了律师,正在决定要起诉谁。32. second vf. support a suggestion made by another person in a meeting 支持; 附议egl. The motion was proposed by the club*s chairman and seconded by the secretary.这提案是俱乐部主席提出的,并得到了秘书的支持。eg2. "Will anyone second this motion?”“有谁支持这项提议? ”“1 second it, Mr. Chairman J“ 主席先生,我附议。”33. fine vt. make sb. pay money as a punishment t的款egl. Drivers who exceed the speed limit can expect to be fined heavily.超速驾驶的司机会受到重罚。eg2. They fined him $100 for threatening behavior.因为威胁性的举止,他被他们罚 了 100 美金。34. expel vt. force sb. to leave a school or organization 开除; 驱逐egl. The government has expelled some diplomats.政府已将一些外交官驱逐出境。eg2. My brother was expelled from school for bad behavior.我弟弟因为行为不端被学校开除了。35. justify vt. show that there is a good reason for sth. that other people think is unreasonable 证 明有道理;为辩护egl. How do you justify your rude behavior?你如何为你的粗鲁举止辩解呢?eg2. We can't justify spending any more money on this project.我们没有理山再在这个项目上花费更多的钱了。36. single-minded a. having one clear aim and working very hard to achieve it 一心总的;专 的egl. She is very single-minded about her career.她专于自己的事业。eg2. Her single-minded commitment to the job meant that she had little time left for her family.她对工作一心一意的奉献意味着她很少有时间留给自己的家庭。37. desperate a. 1. needing or wanting sth. very much 极需要的;极向往的egl. The team is desperate for a win.这个队极需要一场胜利。eg2. He was desperate to get a job,他非常想得到份工作。2. very worried and willing to do anything to change a bad situation 绝望的;拼命的 egl. I had no money left and was desperate.我没有钱了，感到很绝望。eg2. Time was running out and we were getting desperate.时间不断流逝,我们开始不顾一切。38. desperately ad. 1. very much 非常egl. She always seems to be desperately busy!她看上去总是非常忙。eg2. Fm not desperately keen on watching football.我并不酷爱看足球。2. in a worried or angry way 绝望地;拼命地 egl. The doctors tried desperately to save her life.医生拼命地要拯救她的生命。cg2. He looked round desperately for someone to help him.他绝望地朝四周看了看,希望有人帮助他。39. alas ad. unfortunately不幸的是:遗憾的是egl. I love football but, alas, I have no talent as a player.我喜欢足球,可是,真遗憾,我没有足球队员的天赋。eg2. For many people, alas, hunger is part of everyday life.对许多人来说,很不幸,饥饿是日常生活的一部分。Phrases and Expressions1. at best even when considered in the most positive way 充其量; 至多eg 1. At best she would become disabled; at worst she would die.最乐观地看,她会变残废;最糟糕的话,她会死去。eg2. He was, at best, a second-class writer.他充其量是一个二流作家。2. end up to find yourself in a place or situation that you did not intend or expect to be in 结 果是,最后egl. If you go on like this you will end up in prison.如果你继续这样,早晚得进监狱。eg2. At first they hated each other, but they ended up getting married.他们起初相互仇恨,到后来却成了夫妻。3. run a/the risk be in a situation in which sth. bad could happen 冒险; 有.风险egl. He ran the risk of losing his job by criticizing his boss.他冒着丢饭碗的风险批评了他的老板。cg2. If you keep working in such a temperature, you will run a risk of getting heat stroke.如果你在这样的温度下继续工作,就有中暑的危险。4. other than apart from, except 只是,除 Jegl. He didn't mention anyone else's contributions other than his own.他只提到了自己的贡献,而没有提其他任何人的。eg2. We missed the last bus so there was no choice other than to walk home.我们错过了最后一班公交车,所以除了走回家别无选择。5. at one's/its worst as bad or unpleasant as someone or something can be 最糟糕 egl. The pain was at its worst in the late evenings.深夜时痛得最厉害。eg2. You saw the garden at its worst, I'm afraid.我想你所看到的花园出于其最糟糕的时候。6. remain/be true to continue to be loyal to sb. or sth. 忠于egl. He remains true to his principle,他忠于自己的原则。eg2. We are true to our cultural traditions.我们忠于我们的文化传统。7. come on/upon find sth or meet someone unexpectedly 偶遇egl. I came upon one of my college teachers on the street,我在街上碰到了一位大学老师。eg2. We came upon the idea of asking people tp donate money over the Net.我们无意中想到了在网上请人们捐款的主意。8. throw out make sb. leave a place, school, organization, etc. because they have done sth. against the rules 开除;解雇egl. Their trade union was instructed to find jobs for those thrown out of work.他们的工会接到指示要为那些失去工作的人找到工作。eg2. These two famous sportsmen were thrown out of the Olympics after failing drug tests.这两位著名的运动员由于没有通过药检被逐出奥运会。Section B The Power of a Good NameWords：1. barn n. C a farm building fbr storing crops, or for keeping animals in 谷仓: 牲口棚egl. They live in a converted bam.他们住在谷仓改建的屋子里。eg2. When he came into the bam from the brilliant sunlight outside, he was momentarily blinded,当他从阳光明媚的外面走进谷仓,他有一小会儿什么都看不见。2. bull n. C a male cow 公牛egl. Several times I saw a big bull, sometimes even two together.好几次我看到头大公牛,有时甚至两头大公牛在起。eg2. They did not see the sign by the gate saying "Beware of the bull".他们没有看到大门旁“当心公牛”的标牌。3. mill n. C a building where grain is crushed into lour 磨坊egl. Many of these local mills remain in name alone, having fallen into disuse.许多当地的磨坊只不过是名义上存在,已弃之不用了。eg2. Mills used to depend on wind power or water power.磨坊过去依赖风或水力操作。4. spray v. force liquid out of a container through an opening into the air 喷; 喷洒egl. Water sprayed across the room.水洒得满房间都是。eg2. The crops are regularly