考研英语必背66句.docx

66. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team.【词汇突破】regularity常规性 conformity 一致性 desirable令人满意的，令人希望的，值得拥有的，例： It is desirable that you should be there by two o'clock.（希望你两点能到那里。）conventional 传统的【主干识别】Nor is management to be blamed.Nor置于句首引起倒装，正常语序为 management is not to be blamed.【其他成分】if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect 状语从句；for discriminating against the "odd balls'* among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team 状语。【微观解析】if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect 主干为：regularity and conformity are as desirable； to a standard pattern 定语修饰 regularity and conformity； to the scientist 状语；as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect. As 弓|导的定语从句修饰regularity and conformity, as在句中做reflecte的宾语,如果在科学家的论文中所反应出的对于标准模板的遵守和认同正是其所想得到的话。【难点揭秘】由于nor置于句首所引起的倒装和由as所引导的定语从句造成阅读上的困难。【译文赏析】如果在科学家的论文中所反应出的对于标准模板的遵守和认同正是其所想得到的话，那么管理层就不该因歧视研究者中的“思维与众不同的人“，喜欢其中较为传统的“善于团队合作”的思想者而受到指责了。65. Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals are her increased “opportunities” for stress.【解析】adding to a woman's increase dose of stess chemicals 为 ving,而后接复数系动词可以判定为倒装；正常语序为：her increased “opportunities” for stress are adding to a woman's increase dose of stress chemicals.Adding to A is B ;这种结构也可以翻译为：除了 A.【译文】除开女性更多的压力物质外，还有就是她更多的受压力的机会。再给一个倒装句：Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets.【解析】句子开头是很长的一个介词短语：Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept diffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young,整个部分被其中的一个定语从句 that use the windswept cliffs to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young拉长，造成在理解上的困难；后紧接一个系动词are,可以判定为倒装，其主干语序应该是：common murres, Atlantic pufflns, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets are Among the species of seabirds；【译文】有一些鸟类会在夏天的时候利用在加拿大的陡峭的大西洋悬崖来交配，产卵和抚育自己的幼鸟，而普通的海雀，大西洋的海鸠，黑脚三趾鸥，以及北方的塘鹅都是这样的海鸟。64. Most important, perhaps, was that they had all maintained with a certain fidelity the technique and composition consistent with those of AmericaJ s first popular landscape artist, Thomas Cole, who built a career painting the Catskill Mountain scenery bordering the Hudson River.【主干识别:That was important【解析】most important为形容词置于句首后紧接系动词可以判定为倒装；主干的顺序应该是：that was most important.而they had all maintained with a certain fidelity the technique and composition consistent with those of America * s first popular landscape artist, Thomas Cole, who built a career painting the Catskill Mountain scenery bordering the Hudson River.为主语从句，在翻译的时候先翻冗长的主语从句。【微观分析】：主语从句的主干：l.they had all maintained with a certain fidelity the technique and composition （注意 with a certain fidelity做状语）2. consistent with those of America * s first popular landscape artist （做后置定语修饰 technique, consistent 形容词，与.相一致）3. Thomas Cole做同位语4. who built a career painting the Catskill Mountain scenery定语从句修饰thomas cole其中painting做career的后置定语5. bordering the Hudson River 后置定语修饰 scenery.【译文】他们都几乎忠诚地在坚持着和美国第一个流行景观艺术家托马斯.柯尔的技法和构图原则一直的技法和原则，这是很重要的。柯尔一直在从事着描绘哈德逊河两岸的catskill山风景的事业。63.A11 would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism and evolution debate.【解析】助动词were被提前置于主语reason前，可以判定为部分倒装；此处倒装的原因是由于虚拟条件句中if被省略而引起的，句子还原就是：If reason were the only judge in the creationism and evolution debate, all would be well.【译文】如果理性是创造论和进化论的争论中的唯一评判标准的话，那么所有的事情就很好办了。附力口句：For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.【解析】句子也出现了虚拟语气的倒装:had he grown up under more favorable circumstances,完整的表达是 if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances.they是指示代词，指代前文的测试；compensate for：弥补； inequality：不公平，不平等，不相同tell：说明，表明；underprivilieged：贫困的、物质条件差的【译文】例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公，因此就不能说明一个物质条件很差的人,如果在更加有利的条件下成长,会有多么能干。62.Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being.【解析】Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats为形容词短语，coincident为形容词，with为介词，concerns 为名词，about the accelerating loss of species and habitats为介词短语修饰concerns做定语；在形容词短语结束处紧接系动词的完成式has been,因此可以判定为倒装，而句子主语为：a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem 为句子中的同位语，to the health of the Earth and human well-being 修饰 importance,构成小结构the importance of A to B （A对于B的重要性）。整个句子的主干是：coincident with concerns has been a growing appreciation.对这个结构抽象以后可以得到：Concident with A has been B。这个句型的关键是：A和B都是动态名词（对于动态名词的详细讲解请见本章第三节“相关知识点补充”），简单讲动态名词就是由动词变来的名词，如appreciation就是由appreciate变来的名词（appreciation在这里是表示“理解”和“认识”的意思，而不是常见的“欣赏”的意思），concerns本身既是名词又是动词；这个句型翻译的时候可以处理为：“随着A, B”或者"A与此同时 B”。而A和B则可以单独译为两个句子。用这样的结构我们能写出很多漂亮的英语句子：（1）随着中国经济的发展，中国的教育水平有了极大的提高。 解析：这个句子中确定出两个动态名词：发展和提高，因此搭建出A和B：A:The development of Chinese economyB:The great improvement of education in China. 译文：Coincident with the development of Chinese economy has been the great improvement of the education in China.(2)随着网络的兴起，电视开始衰落了。 解析：这个句子中确定出两个动态名词：兴起和衰落，因此搭建出A和B：A: the rise of the technology of internet;B: the decline of the televison;译文：Coincident with the rise of the technology of internet has been the decline of the television.【译文】生物多样性是指在一个特定的生态系统中物种的数量，而人们越来越认识到其对于地球健康和人类幸福的重要性，与此同时，人们也越来越关心物种和其栖息地的加速丢失。【点拨】在翻译中首先将同位语提前翻译，在面对没有主语的动态名词时可以加出泛指的“人们”。61.With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation households.【词汇突破】abandoned抛弃in favor of 赞成，支持extended family 大家庭【主干识另"centralization has come with economic growth.在写作的时候可以用这个句型：with B has come A （随着BA）【其他成分】：fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation households 冒号后接定语修饰 centralization o【微观解析】fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities 为句子主干，where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation households.定语从句修饰cities o【难点揭秘】对于倒装的识别和系动词完成时态的识别。【译文赏析】随着经济的增长，出现了集中化：全国L 19亿公民,其中整整76%的人口定居城市：在这里，原来的社区和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒弃，取而代之的是与外界疏于往来的、只由两代人组成的核心家庭。60. Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.【词汇突破】census人口普查deveolop 出现【主干识别】the picture is emerging【其他成分】from the 1980 census 状语；of a nation developing more and more regional competition 定语修饰 picture； as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill 状语从句。【难点揭秘】倒装的识别【译文赏析】从1980年的人口普查中，出现了这样一个情况，当东北部和中西部地区的人口增长几乎停止的时候,这个国家地区间的竞争就变得的越来越激烈了。59. Amid the recriminations and broken treaties after the failure of the European Union's biggest economic project, wild currency swings between those in the core and those in the periphery would almost certainly bring the single market to a shuddering halt.【词汇突破】recriminations相互指责，吵架；反诉；揭丑；例句：Their relationship deteriorates into an endless cycle of squabbling , jealousy and recriminations.他们的关系陷入争吵、嫉妒、指责的恶性循环 Treaty合约和条约；Periphei7边缘；圆周；外围；边缘地带 Shuddering发抖的，震动的 Halt停止【主干识别】wild currency swings would bring the single market to shuddering halt.【其他成分】Amid the recriminations and broken treaties after the failure of the European Union's biggest economic project,状语between those in the core and those in the periphery 定语【微观解析】介词短语：介词Amid +名词Ithe recriminations and 名词2 broken treaties介词短语中的定语 after the failure of theEuropean Union's biggest economic project,【难点揭秘】长状语置于句首造成主干识别的困难，主语过长造成了翻译的难点。【译文赏析】在欧盟最大的经济计划破产后的一片指责和违约之中，货币在欧盟核心国家和边缘国家中肆意动荡，这足以使欧元区的单一市场走向毁灭。【翻译点拨】将主语 wild currency swings between those in the core and those in the periphery翻译为一个句子将名词 swings转译为动词。58. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles, or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers5 misfortunes.【词汇突破】lawsuit法律诉讼compendsate 赔偿warn of警告liable负责juries陪审团【主干识别】or连接两个并列的句子前一句主干为：a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles.Ja 一句为：the thinking has gone has gone so.【其他成分】第一句：加ckily 状语；if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster 状语；第二句：since the early 1980s,状语；when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers, misfortunes 定语从句修饰 the early 1980s.【微观解析】when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers, misfortunes定语从句中holding所接宾语为一独立主格结构相当于一个名词，其完整形式是：More companies are liable for their customers? misfoutunes,其中 are 变为 being ,being 再被省去，详细内容可以参看独立主格的讲解。【难点揭秘】这个句子难点就是so在句子中的位置发生了改变，到了 or后面，而刚好or so是一个熟悉的短语可以修饰198(Fs是很有可能误解为：the thinking has gone,这样句子的意思就反生了完全的改变。【译文赏析】幸运的是，如果门垫或者是火炉没有能警告即将到来的灾难，你可以通过一场成功的法律诉讼来赔偿你的麻烦。从1980年代的早期开始人们的想法就是这样的了，那时候法庭认为商家对消费者的不幸应该负担更多的责任。再解释一下昨天的句子，在昨天的句子中“to urge each other, andtheir governments, to bring relief to the world's poorest”是一个动词不定式在句中被看做是一个名词形式。l.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.【词汇突破】maximize:最大化Coupled with：加上（combined with 的同义替换）【主干识别】it is the demand that determine加宾语从句。【其他成分】in the American economic system 状语;coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes 非谓语作状语，提取主干为coupled with the desire and the desire； it is the demand that determine what可还原为 the demand determines what.； what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it 宾语从句。【微观解析】这个强调句型运用itis+被强调部分+that的结构强调主语，并且利用非谓语的伴随结构使得主干分离开来。【难点揭秘】找出强调句中被强调的部分并且还原出原句。【译文赏析】因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合,一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。56. Surely there is no more commanding moral imperative for people in the west than to urge each other, and their governments, to bring relief to the world's poorest.【词汇突破】imperative必须的，必须做的事，原则（常见的是形容词性，但是这里是名词表示必须做的事）commanding急迫的，紧迫的urge敦促relief援助【主干识另U there is no more commanding moral imperative 【其他成分】for people in the west 状语；than to urge each other, and their governments, to bring relief to the world's poorest 状语。【微观解析】句中的比较对象为：any moral imperative和to urge each other, and their governments, to bring relief to the world's poorest;比较内容为：commanding急迫；比较结果为：to urge each other, and their governments, to bring relief to the worlds poorest 最为急迫.【难点解析】确定出比较的三要素是这个句子理解的难点，加上no 以后就确定出than之后的内容是最高级。【译文赏析】毫无疑问，对西方人来说，没有什么道德标准要比相互督促和督促国家给世界上最穷困的地区带来救助更重要的了。或：毫无疑问，对西方人来说相互督促和督促国家给世界上最穷困的地区带去救助是最重要的道德原则。55.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly： summer homes, European travel, BMWs一 the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.【词汇突破】sign标志summer home避暑山庄【主干识另U people do not seem less interested in success and its signs【其他成分】now than formerly状语；冒号后的句子summer homes, European travel, BMWs-the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.对前面主句进行解释。【微观解析】summer homes, European travel, BMWs名词词组表示列举，松散的句子结构。"一"之后the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.对 summer homes, European travel, BMWs进行解释；主句中比较对象为：Now和formerly；比较内容为：人们对这些事物的兴趣；比较结果为：人们的兴趣没有减弱；从句中比较对象为：today和a decade or two years ago；比较内容是：人们对其的需求程度；比较结果为：现在的需求也以前的需求是一样的。【难点解析】出现比较结构，而比较中又包含有否定；且出现由标点引起的松散句子结构，但是在局部的分析中句子结构也是很严密的。【译文赏析】当然，人们现在对成功及其各种标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于先前。消夏别墅、欧陆旅行、宝马车地点、地名以及品牌或许会有变化,但这类事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不会亚于一二十年前。54.A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.【主干识别 J A home without love is no more a home.【其他成分】than a body without a soul is a man状语从句【难点揭秘】这个句子难点在于no more than结构的用法：（1）如果是对数量进行修饰的时候，no more than = only,意为“仅仅，只有"，例如：There are no more than ten people in the room.（房间里只有十个人。）（2）在程度上进行比较时，no more than有“两者都不”之意,表示说话者主观上嫌其少（差、不足、不好）等，例如：This book is no more interesting than that one.（这两本书都没趣。）也就是说这个结构在程度比较的时候than后面所接的句子或其他成分都受到了前面否定词no的限制，例如：I can run no faster than he can.（我跑的不快，他跑的也不快。）分为两个句子为：i） A home without love is not homeii） A body without a soul is not a man.用no more than结构连起来就成了上面的句子。任何固定结构其实都是从简单到复杂的一个过程，任何结构都是可以从最基本的句子成分入手进行解析的。【译文赏析】正像一个没有灵魂的躯体不成其为人，就如一个没有爱的家庭不成其为家庭。54. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the Americansearch for spacious living than in the Far West.【词汇突破】census人口普查spacious宽敞的（其同根形容词为spatial和空间有关的）dramatize体现和表明【主干识别11980 census statistics dramatize the American search for spacious living.【其他成分】nowhere状语，置于句首引起了句子的倒装；more状语修饰 dramatize； than in the Far West 状语。【微观解析】比较对象：任何一个地区和the Far West；比较内容：对于美国人渴求宽敞生活的体现；比较结果：在Far west地区最能体现。Nowhere既是表明了比较的对象也表明了比较的结果。【难点揭秘】在对于比较结构一定要关注比较的三要素，比较对象，比较内容和比较结果。【译文赏析】1980的人口普查数据表明远西地区是对宽敞住宿条件需求最高的地区。53.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80's, down-shifting in the mid 90s is not so much a search for the mythical good lifegrowing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle as a personal recognition of your limitations.【主干识别】Down-shifting in the mid-90s is not so much a search for the mythical good lift.【其他成分】For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 8(Fs 介词短语作状语；growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one 同位语；as a personal recognition of your limitations 状语。【微观解析】for 介词 the women of my generation 名词 who were urged to keep juggling through the 8(Fs 定语从句修饰 the women of my generation。【难点揭秘】not so(as) much.as这个比较结构的理解通常理解为：与其说,不如说;例如：He was not so much angry as disappointed.(他与其说愤怒不如说失望。)【译文赏析】对于我这一代曾在整个80年代为生活奔波的女人来说，90年代中期出现的归隐恬退与其说是我们寻求一种神话般的美好生活(用有机肥种植蔬菜，并且冒险去