备战2023年高考英语一轮复习考点帮考点04-代词与语法填空(解析版).docx
考点04代词(解析版)【命题解读】1 .近五年代词的考查点集中在不定代词上,考查角度有两个:一是考查它们相互间的意义 和功能差别,如:all, everything和anything等的意义差别,it, that和one不同的指代功能;二是它们之 间语法牲的差异,如it (代词)和which (关系代词)的区别。2 .试题注重了情景干扰,注重了特定语言环境中上下文的联系,而且题干的语义结构越来 越复杂,正确分析其结构、理解句意在解题中起着很重要的作用。高考对代词的考查将继续沿着两条主 线前进;加强语境的真实性和复杂性。加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查。【命题预测】今后高考对代词的考查有所变化,主要考查it和人称代词的用法。这一专题在语法填空 重点考查在语境中运用正确的代词。【名师指导】英语中代词的相关知识庞杂,代词在语言使用中又极力频繁,所以,代词的用法看似简 单,其实不易。建议考生认真对待代词,不可掉以轻心。首先要从整体上把握代词的知识, 如代词种类的划分,了解各类代词的一般用法。更重要的是,根据上面所介绍的高考考查热 点,更重点掌握几组易混词,尤其是不定代词间的用法区别。解题规律如下:1 .明确指代在解答代词题目时,我们应首先分析前后文,明确代词所指代的对象,从而避免误判。 具体说来应从以下几方面考虑:(1)代词指代的对象是人还是物,与上文出现的人或物是同一个还是同一类;(2)代词指代的对象是可数名词还是不可数名词;(3)代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念。2 .理清逻辑需要通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系才能做出正确判断。具体说来应从以下方面去考虑:(1)代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上;(2)代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。【重要考向及考点表】一、人称代词;二、指示代词;三、不定代词;四、反身代词;五、代词it;表一:人称单复数主格宾格形容词性 物主代词名词性物 主代词反身代词第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称第三人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfItItItsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves表二:指示代词Qhis.that,these,those,such,some疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose9as不定代词普通不定代词one/ some/ any,each/ every,none/ no,many/ much,few/ little/ a few/ a little,other/ another9all/ both,neither/ either复合不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody ,anybody9nobody,ev erybody, everyone, no one/noneomeone,anyone相互代词each other,one another表三: 常见代词用法比较1. each, both, all, either, any, neither, none 用法辨析each两者及以上每一与not连用全体都both两者全都表部分否all三者及以上全都定全体中任一either两者任一与not连用 表全部否 定any三者及以上任一全体都不neither两者都不表全部否 定none三者及以上都不2. one, it, that, those 用法辨析one泛指同类事物替代单数可数名词,复数为ones。it特指同一事物替代单数可数名词,也可指代前面整个句子内容。that特指同类事物替代单数可数名词,同theone,或替代不可数名词,后接Ofothose特指同类事物替代复数可数名词,同the ones,后接定语或接of结构。3. other, another, others 用法辨析other(两者之中)另一个或(三者以上)其余。one. the other表”两者中一个另一个“;还用于(数词+)other+名词。another作形容词,后接单数名词,表“另一,又一“;还用于another+数词+复数 名词。others表泛指,the others指“剩余全部”,常见形式some.(the) others04. many, much, some, any, little, few 用法辨析many修饰名词复数,谓语用复数。许多much修饰不可数名词,谓语用单数;作副词修饰比较级。一些some修饰名词,常用于肯定句中。与复数名词或不可数名词连用, 表”一些,,:修饰单数名词,表“某一”;作副词,用于数词前,表 “大约any修饰名词,用于否定句和疑问句中,与不可数名词或复数名词 连用;用于肯定句中时,修饰单数名词,表"任一'';作副词修饰 比较级。少量(a)little修饰不可数名词,谓语用单数;作副词修饰比较级;not a little 表"非常,很”,而not a bit表示“一点也不(a)few修饰名词复数,谓语用复数。表四:it的用法非人称代词It's quite hot here in summer,isn?t it?Ifs early midnight now.We'd better go to bed.It's about an hour's drive from here toNanchang.指代日期、时间、季节、天 气、温度、距离、重量、环境、 情况等形式成分形式主语It is difficult to understand why she barks every minute she is outside.真正的主语由不定式、动词ing形式或从句充当形式宾语Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.真正的宾语由不定式、动词ing形式或从句充当强调句型It was under the bed that my brother hid the ball this morning.It is Mr Bell who/that often comes and looks after the old man.指人时可以用who或thal,其他情况一律用that【典例】2021全国新高考I卷语法填空】As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear'', and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in(I).【参考答案】考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留 在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句"il will always stick in the visitor's memory" 可知,本句为does指代前一句的stick,本句缺乏宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memoryo 故填 mine。【人称代词提分秘籍】一般地说人称代词作主语用其主格;作宾语用其宾格;作定语用其形容词性物主代词: 用名词性物主代词以代替“形容词性物主代词+名词但口语中,在无动词的句子里,往往 用代词的宾格形式。1 .用于无谓语的句子中-Does any of you know why Jack hasn,t come yet?你们有谁知道杰克怎么还没有到?Me.我。答语如果带谓语,就得用主格,如:I can.和I do, too./So do I.2 .表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等情绪®-Do you have good eyesight, young man?年轻人,你的视力好吗?Me? I can see a sparrow two hundred paces away.我?我能看见一只两百步外的云雀。What? Me fight a big chap like him? Not me!什么?我同像他那样的大个子打架?不会是我!3 .代替as, than等连词之后的主格(多用于口语中,尤其用于句末)I'm not as tall as him (he).我没有他个子高。She is much more careful than me (I).她比我细心得多。当这类人称代词带有all, both等同位语时,用宾格的形式就更为常见了。如:He works harder than us all.他比我们所有人学习都刻苦。人称代词的格易错的几种情况:(1)那边的那座房子是属于我的。The house over there belongs to me.(这里学生易受汉语“我的,影响而误用mine。) (2)这个秘密只有你和我知道。The secret can be kept between you and me.x.kw (学生易受其前的you的影响而误用I。) (3)在闲暇之余我坚持自修英语。I insist on teaching myself English in my spare time. (学生易把宾语位置上的myself误用成me。)【辽宁省沈阳市2021届高三教学质量监测】The flowing water joins here to form it. On average, the evaporation (蒸发)there is more than 60 times of the annual rainfall.【参考答案】考查代词。句意同上。根据句意可知,上文“the evaporation (蒸发)there”指该地的蒸发 量(水),空白处在句中指月牙泉所在地的降水量(水),表示同一含义,但内容为不同物, 为了避免重夏,所以用代词that,表特指,指代同类异物。故填that。【指示代词提分秘籍】1. this/these> that/thosethis, these指代下面要说的内容;that, ihose指代上面陈述过的内容。如:What rd like to say about how to improve our spoken English is like this.关于如何提高我们的英语口语,我想说的如下。That's all. Thank you.我的话完了。谢谢。(多用于演讲、口头通知的结束语)©Salaries are higher here than those in my hometown.这里的薪水比我家乡的高。2. 一些习惯说法中this和that的用法比较固定Who's that?你是谁?(打电话用语)This is Mary.我是Mary。(打电话用语)That,s all right/OK.不用谢。(对感谢的答语)That,snothing.没什么。(对道歉的答语)That's that.就这么定了。(表示决定不能更改)That's all.就这些了。That is.那就是3. this, that有时可以用作副词,意为“这么,那么",用在形容词或副词前作状语,表 示程度It isn't all that cold.还没冷到那个程度。【典例】 【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021届高三质检】She has composed several songs, including called the “Little dog in Dream", where sheimagined her life with the company of a guide.【参考答案】考查代词。句意:熊小姐把钢琴当作她最好的朋友。她创作了几首歌曲,其中一首名为 梦中的小狗,她在歌中想象了自己在向导陪伴下的生活。根据"Littledog in Dream”可知, 此处是指一首乐曲,所以应用。ne代指。故填one。【名词作定语提分秘籍】类别例词代替可数名词one, each, (a) few, many, both, another, either,neither代替不可数名词much, (a) little既可代替可数名词,也可代替不可数名词none, any, other, all, some复合不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something . , everyone, everybody, everything几组易混不定代词:4. some类不定代词与any类不定代词(l)some类不定代词多用于肯定句中:any类的多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。如:Raise your hands if you have any questions.如果你们有问题,请举手。(2)但在表示客气的请求或不表示怀疑或希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中,要用some 类的不定代词。如:Would you like something to drink?你要喝点什么吗?(3)any类的不定代词用在肯定句中,表示“任何(一个);任何事情;无论什么如:She promised that she could do anything for you.她许诺能为你做任何事情。5. all, both, neither, none(l)all指三者或三者以上"都”,both指两者“都”。如:Both (of) his hands were wounded.他的两只手都受伤了。All (of) his fingers were wounded.他的手指都受伤了。(多于两个手指)(2)neither表示“两个都不”,常和of连用,放在带有冠词、物主代词或指示代词的复数名词之前,作主语时,谓语动词可以用单数或复数;none表示三个或三个以上“都不”,可用 于人,也可用于物,后可接of短语,与复数名词、代词或单数集合名词连用作主语,指人 时,谓语动词用单、复数皆可;指物时,只用第三人称单数形式。如:Neither of the twins is/are correct.那两个双胞胎都不正确。None of us has/have ever been to the Great Wall.我们没有人去过长城。6. any, either, each, every(l)any一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。用在肯定句中,以加强语气,表示“任一”的 概念;也可以用来修饰可数名词单数,表示三者或三者以上中的“任何一个”。如:He has a better knowledge of physics than any one of us.他掌握的物理知识比我们任何一个的都好。以any开头的句子不可以用not来表示否定。如“Any child carTt do that.”应改为:No child can do that.(2)either作代词,表示两者中的任何一个。如:I'm afraid that either of them will not agree to this arrangement.我担心他们两人中有一个会不同意这样的安排。(3)each指两个或两个以上的人或物中的“每个”,侧重指个体,each作代词时常与of短 语连用;every指三个或三个以上的人或物中的“每个”,有“所有,无一例外''的含义,相当于 all,不能用作代词。试比较:©Each of us has his own likes and dislikes.我们各有各的好恶。We want every child to succeed.我们希望每个孩子都成功。7. no, none, nothing, nobody(l)no不能单独使用,相当于nota(any)或not at all,作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。 如:You have no sympathy for the sufferings of others.你对别人的痛苦没有同情心。(2)none既可以指人,也可以指物,侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物,用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句,可与介词of连用。如:©None of the books is suitable for the young.这些书没有一本适合年轻人读。(2)-How many people are there in the room?屋内有多少人?一None.没人。(3)nobody指人,用于回答who引导的疑问句;nolhing指物,用于回答whal引导的疑 问句。如:一Who is in the room?谁在屋内?一 Nobody.没有人。©Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事,只怕有心人。(3)nobody指人,用于回答who引导的疑问句;nothing指物,用于回答what引导的疑 问句。如:一Who is in the room?谁在屋内?一Nobody.没有人。©Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事,只怕有心人。8. another, other, others, more(1 Another既可以单独使用,也可以用于单数名词前,泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外某 一个人或物还可以用“another+数量词+复数名词”,表示“再,又”。如:Was there another way out?还有别的路可以出去吗?We'd better wait another five minutes.我们最好再等五分钟。表示“另外一个学生”只能用another student,不能说成another one studento(2)other不能单独使用,应用于复数名词前,表示另外的某些人或物,也可以用在some, any, n。之后,或具体数词之后,再接名词,构成“不定代词或具体数词+other+名词”;接 单数名词,还可以用在冠词the后,特指两个人或物中的另外一个(可以省略为the other), 或特指另外的某些人或物(可以省略为the others), others泛指“其他的(事物),别人L如: ©One remained and the other went away.一个留下了,另一个走了。We should learn to treat others as equals.我们应该学会平等待人。注意在固定结构中的理解。another day改天;the other day几天前。(3)more既可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词。一般放在some, any, much, many 等不定代词及具体数词之后,构成“不定代词或具体数词+ more +名词”。如:We need a few more.我们还需要几个。如果后面没有名词,我们一般使用“不定代词或具体数词+ others”或“不定代词或具体数 词 + more”。9. somethingy anything, everything, nothing(1 Something一般用于肯定句中,也可以用于表示邀请、征询意见的委婉问句中。如:Could you do something for me?请为我做点事好吗?(2)anything用在否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如:There isn't anything inside.里面什么也没有。(3)everything意为“一切事物”,可用于肯定句或疑问句中。用于否定句时,表示部分否 定,全部否定要用nothing或nol anything。如:I hope everything goes well.我希望一切顺利。Money isn't everything.金钱并非是万能的。(4)nothing表示“什么也没有”,常用于陈述句,表示否定意义,不能与否定词连用。如:He said nothing when he heard the news.他听到这个消息时,什么都没有说。(1 )somebody/someone» anybody/anyone, everybody/ everyone, nobody/no one 的用法同 上。(2)复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数;被形容词或其他的定语修饰时,定语要后置。反身代词【典例】【2021浙江卷6月语法填空】Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of( she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.【参考答案】考察反身代词。句意:她长得非常漂亮,她的房子也反映了她自己,一切都很高雅,井 井有条。根据句意可知,此处要用反身代词herself。【反身代词提分秘籍】1 .反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语、并列主语,以及名词、代词的同位语The text itself is very easy.这篇课文本身很简单。(主语的同位语)(Either) Jane or yourself will go there.要么Jane去,要么你亲自去。(作并列主语,但不能单独作主语)2 .主语与宾语是同一个人时,应当用反身代词teach oneself, enjoy oneself, help oneself, throw oneself, look after oneself, say to oneself3 .在系动词后作表语,常用于否定句,表示身体不适I don't know what's the matter with me. I'm not myself today.4 .用在交际英语中Help yourself!随便吃!(宴请礼仪)自己拿吧!(借物用语)Make yourself at home!别客气!Don't upset yourself!别自寻烦恼 了 !5 .辨别几组搭配by oneself独自,单独;for oneself独自地,靠自己的力量;of oneself自动地;to oneself 独占,独用喳考向五代词it【典例】【2018全国卷I语法填空】If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give a try.【参考答案】it / running give it / sth a try是固定短语,意为“尝试某事物【代词it提分秘籍】在英语中,运用it的场合较多。从它在句中的作用和意义来看,it的用法可分为三类:6 .指代作用(1)用作人称代词,代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物(单数或不可数名词)。如:Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us.虽然我们看不见空气,但它却在我们的周围。(2)代替前面的整个句子。如:It is said that he has died of a disease, but it isn't true.据说他已经病死了,但这不是真的。(3)用在答语中代替指示代词this, that。如:一What is this?这是什么?It's a bike.是自行车。(4)代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。如:The baby cried because it was hungry.婴儿哭是因为饿了。(婴儿习惯上不区分性别)一Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门?It's me.我。(5)指环境、情形等。如:I can't stand it any longer.我再也不能容忍这种情况了。Take it easy.别紧张。It doesn't matter.没关系。(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。如:It's getting colder and colder now.现在越来越冷了。It is winter now.现在是冬天了。7 .形式作用(1)形式主语当动词不定式、v-ing形式或从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语之后,而用it作句子 的形式主语。如:It's very kind of you to repair the machine for us.谢谢你为我们修理这台机器。It is no use asking him-he doesn't know anything.问他没有用他什么也不知道。It appeared that nothing could make him give up.看来他无论如何也不肯放弃。【特别提醒】(1)不要与there is no.“没有”混淆。试比较:It's no good worrying about it like that.像那样担心它没有好处。©There is no need/time/chance to worry about it like that.没有必要/时间/机会像那样担心它。(2)形式主语与主句间不用逗号分隔;as引导前置定语从句时,与主句间不能用that连 接,必须用逗号隔开。不要把这两个相似的结构混淆。如:众所周知,地球是圆的。误As is known to us that the earth is round.正It is known to us that the earth is round.正As is known to us, the earth is round.(2)形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing形式或宾语从句时,往往把真正的宾语放在补足 语后面,而用it作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前。如:You must make it clear to them that the situation is serious.你必须向他们表明形势是严峻的。They thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the requirement.他们认为向客人提出要求是很困难的。【特别提醒】形式宾语用在“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构中,谓语动词appreciate,dishke, hate, like, love, make(按时到达,成功)等后接由if或when等引导的从句时,往往在从句 前加形式宾语it。如:I would appreciate it if you paid in cash.如果你能支付现金的话,我将感激不尽。The boy likes it when you do that.那个男孩喜欢你那样做。8 .强调作用it可以用来改变句子的结构,使句子的某一成分得到强调。强调句型的基本结构为:It is/was+所强调的成分+that/who/whom +其他成分。(具体用法请参阅第12讲特殊句式)(2022全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕)at the ceremony opening(it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth A Special Exhibition of Pu'erTea.答案:its解析:考查代词。句意:在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览: 大道遗真一普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。(2021.6新高考1卷语法填空)As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in 9(I).【答案】mine【解析】考查代词。根据提示词可知,句意为:这首歌必定会留在我的记忆中。句中it指代 the song, does指代动词slicks,空格处应指my memory,为了避免重复,用名词性物主代 词来代替”形容词性物主代词+名词”。故填mine。(202L6全国乙卷语法填空)Ecotourism has 3 (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.【答案】its【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。空格所填词与空后的origin一起作has的宾语;同时与空 后的origin构成限定关系,因此应填形容词物主代词。句意:生态旅游业起源于20世纪70 年代的环保运动。故填its。(2021.6浙江卷语法填空)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 6 (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.*'【答案】herself【解析】考查反身代词。句意:她非常漂亮,并且她的房子就是她的写照,每件东西都摆放 整齐,品味也很好。(2020新课标I卷语法填空)Data about the moon's composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的)base are practical.【答案】much【解析】考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以 帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词,应使用much修饰,故 填 mucho【答案】its【解析】考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代 词its,故填itSo(2020山东卷语法填空)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟)and imagine 42, (they) living at a different time in history or 43 (walking) (walk)throu$h a rainforest.【答案】themselves【解析】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生 活在个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”, 应使用反身代词。故填themselves。模拟检测(2022云南一模)It has long been a dream fbr the Lao people to see their country change from a land-locked country to a “land-linked one”, and the opening of the new railway is a big step toward turning 16 (they) dream into reality.【解析】考查代词。句意:老挝人民长期以来一直梦想看到自己的国家从一个内陆国家转 变为一个“与土地相连的国家,,而新铁路的开通是实现他们的梦想的一大步。用形容词性 物主代词Iheir作定语修饰名词dreamo故填theiro(2022广东广州一模)By the age of 23, she has visited all the countries in an effort to challenge 5J(she) and push the limits of 52 she believed was possible for a female traveler.【答案】herself【解析】考查代词。句意:23岁时,她走遍了所有的国家,努力挑战自己,挑战她认为女 性旅行者可能达到的极限。动词challenge后缺宾语,和主语指的是同一个人,意为“挑战 她自己”,所以用反身代词。故填herself。(2022江西南昌二中一模)Because of the interlacement (交织)of the lanes, every house is connected to the other, making27 easy fbr local people to keep in touch with their neighbors.【解析】考查代词。句意:因为道路的交织,每个房子都连接着,让当地人很容易和邻居 保持联系。根据句子分析可知,此空句中作形式宾语,