八年级下册情态动词讲解(共3页).doc
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上情态动词(一)情态动词的定义: 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。(二)情态动词的特点1. 情态动词有一定的词义。2. 情态动词不能单独做谓语,它必须和其他动词的原形一起构成谓语。3. 情态动词没有人称,数的变化。(三)情态动词的结构和意义1.情态动词的基本句型n 肯定句: 主语+情态动词+动词原形+.n 否定句: 主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+.n 疑问句: 情态动词+主语+动词原形+.2. 情态动词的意义 must“必须” ; can/could“能,会” ; may/might “可以”; should“应该”; would“愿,要” ; have to“不得不” ; need“需要”(四)情态动词的基本用法1.can (could主要指过去时间 ) 1) 表示人或物本身所具有的能力,意为“能,能够,会” : Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。2) 表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上) He cant (couldnt) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。3) 表示允许: Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗?He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。 4) 表示对现在动作或状态的猜测,主要用于否定句和疑问句中或感叹句中: He cant (couldnt) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。5) could表示比can更委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法,指的是现在时间。 Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗?can 和be able to的用法比较(1) 主语都可用来表示“有能力”, be able to强调通过努力而做到的。A deer can / is able to run very fast.(2) be able to 可以表示“在过去某人能够做某事且做到了”。All the people were able to run out of building from the big fire.2. may (might)1)表允许,询问或说明一件事可不可以做,might指过去时间;但在疑问句中might也可指现在时间,语气比may更委婉。May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗?肯定回答:may,或Yes, please. / Certainly./Sure./Of course. 否定回答根据说话人的语气由强到弱分:must not(mustnt)(禁止)/ had better not(最好别)/ may not(不行)2) may表可能,但所表示的可能性不如can所表示的那样肯定。might可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气更加不肯定。He may be at home. 他可能在家。They might be having a meeting, but Im not sure. 他们有可能在开会,不过我不肯定。3. must(have to表示客观需要)1)表示 “必须”(主观看法)时,用于肯定句或疑问句;用于否定句时表示“禁止”。We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。2)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。3)must的疑问句,肯定回答用must, 否定回答用neednt或dont have to。4.shall1)在疑问句中用于征求对方意见,主要用于第一人称(在英国英语中,也用于第三人称),其意为“要不要”、“好吗”:Shall I get you a chair for you? 要不要我给你拿把椅子来?2)在陈述句表示说话者的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等,主要用于第二、三人称: You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)That day shall come那一天一定会来。(表必然性)Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. 告诉他这本书明天给他。(表允诺)【注】有时用于第一人称,表示决心:I shall return. 我一定回来。(表示决心)5.should1)表责任或义务,意为“应该”,用于各种人称。You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。2)表推测,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的,估计拍得很好。6.will1)表意愿,用于各种人称。I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。2)will在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求Will you close the window? 请你把窗户关上好吗?7.would1)will的过去式,表示过去时间的“意志、意愿”。I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2)would用于现在时间,表示比较委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗?8.need1)need作为情态动词,主要用于否定句疑问句;作为实义动词可用于肯定句,否定句或疑问句中。You neednt telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。2)回答由need引起的问句时,肯定回答一般用must,否定回答是用neednt-Need I come? -Yes, you must. -我需要来吗? -需要。情态动词练习题( ) 1. John_ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.A. may B. can C. has to D. must( ) 2 .They _ do well in the exam.A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to( ) 3. -May I take this book out? -No, you_.A. can't B. may not C. needn't D. aren't( ) 4. You_ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.A. can B. must C. dare D. would( ) 5. -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I_.A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not( ) 6. -He_ be in the classroom, I think.-No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; can't D. may; mustn't( ) 7. -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad? -Thanks, but you_, I've had enough.A. may not B. must not C. can't D. needn't( ) 8. Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it be very difficult.A. may B. must C. can D. need( ) 9. He isn't at school. I think he _ be ill. A. can B. shall C. must D. has to( )10. _ I take this one?A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do( ) 11. The children_ play football on the road.A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. must( ) 12. You _ be late for school again next time.A. mustn't B. needn't C. don't have to D. don't need to( ) 13. -Must I do my homework at once? -No, you_. A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. may not( ) 14. His arm is all right. He_ go and see the doctor.A. has not to B. don't have to C. haven't to D. doesn't have to( )15. He had to give up the plan, _ he?A. did B. didn't C. does D. doesn't( ) 16. They had to walk here, _ they?A. mustn't B. did C. didn't D. hadn't( ) 17. He had better stay here, _ he?A. didn't B. don't C. hadn't D. isn't( )18. You'd better_late next time.A. not to be B. not be C. won't be D. don't be( )19. You'd better _ your hair _ once a month.A. had; cut B. had; cutted C. have; cut D. have; cutted( ) 20. You_ ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way. A. had better not to B. had not better C. had better D. had better not( ) 21. -Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday? -_.A. Here you are B. Sorry, I can't C. Yes, please D. Let me try( ) 22. -Why don't you ask Mike to go with us? -Thanks, _.A. I will B. I won't C. lean D. I may( ) 23. -_ I take the newspaper away? -No, you mustn't. You_read it only here.A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must( ) 24. Excuse me. _ you please pass me that cup?A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must( ) 25. _ you like to have another try?A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do( ) 26. -Would you like to go boating with us?-Yes, _.A. I'd like B. I want C. I'd like to D. I do( ) 27. You_ worry about your son. He will get well soon.A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. have to( ) 2 8.The poor man needs our help, _ he?A. need B. needn't C. does D. doesn't( ) 29. -Must we do our homework first? -No, you_. You may have a rest first.A. mustn't B. needn't C. may not D. can't( )30. I was told to be here before eight. -Oh, you _. Im sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plan. A. must B. cant C. may D. neednt( )31. You _ write the poem down. Our teacher will give us a copy. A. cant B. shouldnt C. neednt D. mustnt( )32. We _ keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves. A. may B. should C. can D. need( )33. Mrs. Green _ go to hospital, but now she is in good health. A. has to B. needs to C. used to D. ought to( )34. Will you answer the phone? It _ be your mother. -Sorry, I _. Im busy. A. can, mustnt B. will, cant C. may, cant D. need, will( )35. There is somebody at the door. _ I go and see who it is? A. Shall B. Must C. Will D. Would专心-专注-专业