非谓语动词用法精讲.pptx

非非谓语动词动名词gerund不定式infinitive分词participle第1页/共71页非谓语动词非谓语动词1 1性质：它具有动词的特点，但在性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。除谓语以外一切成分。第2页/共71页2 2形式形式 不定式不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。语补足语、状语。动名词动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。定语、宾语。分词分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分第3页/共71页 主语主语 定语定语 宾语宾语 表语表语 状语状语宾语补宾语补 足语足语不定式不定式 过去过去分词分词 v-ing 形式形式 第4页/共71页3 3语态：必须搞清逻辑主语语态：必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系，从而与非谓语动词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词态的语态。来确定非谓语动词态的语态。第5页/共71页现在分词与动名词现在分词与动名词DOINGDOING第6页/共71页 A A 动词动词-ing-ing形式的一般式形式的一般式 Swimming is her favorite sport.Learning is important to modern life.They went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.第7页/共71页I remembered sending him an e-mail last week.（前）He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday.（后）第8页/共71页 B B 动词动词-ing-ing形式的完成式形式的完成式Havinglivedinthiscityforthreeyears,sheknowsitverywell.点津坊点津坊Ireallyregrettedmissingsuchanexcitinglecture.=IreallyregrettedhavingmissedsuchanexcitinglectureWerememberedseeingthefilm.(=Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.)时时态态第9页/共71页C C 动词动词-ing-ing形式的被动形式形式的被动形式Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.Icantstandbeingkeptwaiting.Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseetheschoollibrary.语态语态第10页/共71页 D D 动词动词-ing-ing形式的否定形式形式的否定形式His not coming made everyone present very disappointed.否定否定第11页/共71页 A A 动词动词-ing-ing形式作主语形式作主语Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itsawasteoftimearguingaboutit.句子成分句子成分第12页/共71页必背必背动词动词-ing-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。形式作主语的几个常用句型。ItIt s s no good no good talking to him.It is useless It is useless telephoning him.He is not willing to come.Its worth Its worth making an effort.There is no There is no saying when it will stop raining.There is no joking about such matters.句句型型第13页/共71页 B B 动词动词-ing-ing形式作表语形式作表语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possibleThe problem is quite puzzling.1.Herworkis_(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis_(go)toTsinghuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitis_(bite)nails（指甲）.第14页/共71页 C C 动词动词-ing-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语1 1 能用动词能用动词-ing-ing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类，只能只能用动词用动词-ing-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语，可用动词可用动词-ing-ing形式作形式作宾语宾语,也也可用不定式作宾语可用不定式作宾语。只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词 suggest doing it in a different way.第15页/共71页必背只只接动词接动词-ing-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有admit承认承认appreciate感激感激avoid避免避免putoff推迟推迟keep保持保持consider考虑考虑delay耽搁耽搁dislike嫌恶嫌恶resist抵制抵制mention提及提及enjoy喜欢喜欢escape避免避免excuse原谅原谅practice练习练习mind介意介意fancy想不到想不到feellike意欲意欲finish完成完成risk冒险冒险include包括包括forgive原谅原谅giveup放弃放弃suggest建议建议miss逃过逃过imagine设想设想cannothelp情不自禁情不自禁第16页/共71页只能接动词只能接动词-ing-ing形式作宾语的形式作宾语的动词动词 。第17页/共71页 1.He was in low spirits and even consider _(go)away.2.Practise _(put)your hand to the ground.3.I cant help _(have)the trip to Britain.4.Dont tell me you always escape _(fine)because you have a fast sports car.5.Leave off _(bite)your nails!6.He didnt feel like _(work),so he suggested _(spend)the day in the garden.7.You certainly mustnt miss _(see)the wonderful film.第18页/共71页8.The doctor advised _(stay)longer in hospital.9.We appreciate your _(want)_(help)us in our difficulties.10.Michael has delayed _(write)to her till today.11.The law forbids _(sell)liquor to children.12.They all suggested _(give)more chances.13.Can you imagine _(leave)standing outside for a whole night.14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _(flood).第19页/共71页这类动词虽然既能用这类动词虽然既能用-ing-ing形式作宾语，也能用不定式形式作宾语，也能用不定式作宾语，但用法并不相同，主要有以下几种情况：作宾语，但用法并不相同，主要有以下几种情况：有些动词，如attempt,continue,hate,intend,like,love,prefer等，后面接动词-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。They prefer spending/to spend their summer vacation in Dalian.I intend to buy/buying an English-Chinese dictionary.提示应尽量避免接连出现应尽量避免接连出现两个动词两个动词-ing-ing形式形式I am starting to learn Russian.避免说：I am starting learning Russian.避免重复避免重复第20页/共71页come to docome to do表示一个渐渐发展的过程表示一个渐渐发展的过程Ie come doingdoing表示陪衬性的动作表示陪衬性的动作Itwasalreadytwooclockwhenshecamehurryingin.第21页/共71页go on to dogo on to do 做做完一件事后，接下去做另外一件完一件事后，接下去做另外一件事事Havingfinishedtheexercises,wewentontolearnthenewwordsinthenextunit.go go on doingon doing 继续继续做同一件事做同一件事。Thoughitwasrainingheavily,theywentonworking。mean to domean to do 想想要做某要做某事事Ididntmeantohurtyou.。mean mean doingdoing 意味着意味着要有一个要有一个结果结果Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.。第22页/共71页regret regret to doto do对即将要做的事表示对即将要做的事表示遗憾遗憾IregrettosayImustleavetomorrow.regret regret doingdoing对所做的事感到对所做的事感到后悔后悔Iregretnothavingtoldherearlier.remember remember to do to do 指指将来将来的事，表示的事，表示“不要忘记不要忘记”Remember tolockthedoorwhenyouleave.remember remember doing doing 讲的是过去的事，表示讲的是过去的事，表示“记起来记起来”I remember postingthatletter.第23页/共71页forget to do忘记要做某忘记要做某事事Shenearlyforgottogivetheporteratipforhisservice.forget doing忘记以前曾做过的忘记以前曾做过的事事Illneverforgetmeetingmyschoolheadmasterforthefirsttime.stop to do停止原来做的事，开始做另一件停止原来做的事，开始做另一件事事Whileworking,hestoppedtotalkwithTomattimes.stop doing停止正在做的停止正在做的事事Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,thepupilsstoppedtalking.第24页/共71页try to do设法做某设法做某事事Imusttrytogeteverythingready beforehearrives.try doing试验做某试验做某事事Wouldyoupleasetrydoingthatagain?第25页/共71页doing doing to be doneto be doneYourcompositionneedscorrecting/tobecorrected.Hiscoatwantscleaning/tobecleaned.Theoldwomanrequireslookingaftercarefully/tobelookedaftercarefully.动词动词-ing-ing形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关配有关。第26页/共71页 D D 动词动词-ing-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 Weheardthechildrenshoutingupstairs.Ifeltmyheartbeatingviolently.复合宾语复合宾语第27页/共71页inging正在进行正在进行不定式不定式发生发生结束结束 He saw a girl getting on the bus.He saw a girl get on the bus and drive off.第28页/共71页 Theyshouldnotleaveuswonderingwhattheywilldonext.Iwonthaveyourunningaboutintheroom.Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.点点津坊津坊一系列一系列Isawhimentertheroomsitdownandlightacigarette.第29页/共71页第30页/共71页 E E 动词动词-ing-ing形式作定语形式作定语 说明被修饰名词的说明被修饰名词的用途用途和和性能性能。areadingroom=aroomwhichisusedforreading阅览室runningshoes=shoesforrunning跑鞋aworkingmethod=amethodofworking工作方法adrawingboard画板asewingmachine缝纫机aswimmingpool游泳池awaitingroom候车室adiningcar餐车adrivingpermit驾驶许可证asingingcompetition歌咏比赛awalkingstick手杖第31页/共71页 表示所修饰的人或物的表示所修饰的人或物的动作动作或或状态状态，在意思，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行正在进行的动作，的动作，也可表示也可表示经常性经常性动作或动作或当时当时的状态。的状态。developingcountries=countriesthataredeveloping发展中国家anordinary-lookinghouse=ahousethatlooksordinary看起来很普通的房子apuzzlingproblem=aproblemthatpuzzlessomebody困扰人的问题第32页/共71页比较比较abarkingbarking dog狂吠的狗狂吠的狗adisappointingdisappointingplay令人令人失望的戏剧失望的戏剧anastonishingastonishingadventure惊人的冒险惊人的冒险asleepingsleepingbaby熟睡的婴儿熟睡的婴儿 boilingboilingwater正在沸腾的水正在沸腾的水failingfailingsight逐渐衰退的视力逐渐衰退的视力 thesettingsettingsun落日落日thecomingcomingweek下一周下一周第33页/共71页The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory.They lived in a house facing south.作定语的动词作定语的动词作定语的动词作定语的动词-ing-ing-ing-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如动作同时发生，如动作同时发生，如动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生两者不能同时发生两者不能同时发生两者不能同时发生的话，则需的话，则需的话，则需的话，则需使用定使用定使用定使用定语从句语从句语从句语从句。【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.后置后置第34页/共71页 动词动词-ing-ing形式的完成式一般只用来形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。作状语，不作定语。【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.第35页/共71页 F F 动词动词-ing-ing形式作状语形式作状语句首句首句末句末1 1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.(=Afterwehavemadefullpreparations.)2 2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Beingill,hedidntgotoschoolyesterday.(=Sincehewasill.)第36页/共71页Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.=andlefthimalotofmoney.Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons.Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.=Althoughtheyknewallthis.第37页/共71页Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.=.andstaredattheskyforalongtimea.a.分词分词表示的必须表示的必须是是主语主语的的一个动作一个动作；b.b.分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作（或状态）是（或状态）是同时同时发生的；发生的；c.c.分词表示的是比较分词表示的是比较次要次要的动作，对谓的动作，对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明；语表示的动作或状态加以说明；d.d.大部分放在大部分放在谓语谓语之后；之后；e.e.分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。号隔开。伴伴随随状状语语第38页/共71页2、通常通常3、必须必须4、whenwhileifthus第39页/共71页动动 词词 -ing-ing 形形 式式 的的 逻逻 辑辑 主主 语语 A A 作主语的动词作主语的动词-ing-ing形式形式Reading aloud is very helpful.点津坊点津坊物主代词物主代词名词所有格名词所有格His fathers falling ill worried him greatly.(his father是falling ill的逻辑主语)第42页/共71页 B B 作表语的动词作表语的动词-ing-ing形式形式Whatworriesmemostisherstayingtoolateeverynight.(stayingtoolateeverynight的逻辑主语是her)C C 作定语的动词作定语的动词-ing-ing形式形式它修饰的它修饰的名词。名词。aninterestingbook=abookthatinterestsitsreadersarunningstream=astreamthatisrunning第43页/共71页被动式被动式The meeting being held in Beijing now is of great importance.(the meeting和举行之间的关系是被动的，所以用being held)第44页/共71页D D 作宾语的动词作宾语的动词-ing-ing形式形式比较 HeinsistedonHeinsistedondoingithimselfdoingithimself.HeHeinsistedoninsistedonmydoingitmydoingit.WouldWouldyoumindyoumindopeningthewindowopeningthewindow?WouldWouldyoumindyoumindmyopeningthewindowmyopeningthewindow?第45页/共71页 E E 作宾语补足语的动词作宾语补足语的动词-ing-ing形式形式它前面的宾语它前面的宾语We often hear her singing this song.We often hear this song(being)sung.第46页/共71页F F 作状语的动词作状语的动词-ing-ing形式形式句句子子主语主语Entering the classroom,I found nobody in it.如动词如动词-ing-ing形式表示的动作不是句中主语发出或形式表示的动作不是句中主语发出或承受的，那就是误用。这种无依着的承受的，那就是误用。这种无依着的-ing-ing形式，形式，语法上称之为语法上称之为“垂悬分词垂悬分词”。【误】Lookingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.【正】Lookingoutthroughthewindow,wesawabeautifulgarden.第47页/共71页【误】Readingtheeveningnewspaper,adogstartedbarking.【正】Iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbarking.逻辑主语逻辑主语Thelastbushavinggone,wehadtowalkhome.Weatherpermitting,thefootballmatchwillbeplayedonFriday.独立主格独立主格第48页/共71页独立主格独立主格第49页/共71页如：TheTheshowershowerbeingbeingoverover,wewecontinuedcontinuedtotomarch.march.(时间时间)SoSomanymanystudentsstudentsbeingbeingabsentabsent,wewedecideddecidedtotoputthemeetingoff.putthemeetingoff.(原因原因)WeatherWeatherpermittingpermitting,wellwellhavehaveananoutingoutingtomorrow.tomorrow.(条件条件)HeHerushedrushedintointothetheroom,room,hishisfacefacecoveredcoveredwithwithsweatsweat.(伴随情况伴随情况)第50页/共71页必背必背 一般说来，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣一般说来，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣.Generallyspeaking,boysaremoreinterestedinsciencethangirls.从他的口音看，他一定来自加拿大从他的口音看，他一定来自加拿大.Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustcomefromCanada.第51页/共71页Consideringhowpoorhewas,wedecidedtolethimattendtheconcertforfree.Supposingitrains,whatwillyoudo?第52页/共71页第54页/共71页第55页/共71页第56页/共71页第57页/共71页第58页/共71页第59页/共71页第60页/共71页第61页/共71页第62页/共71页第63页/共71页第64页/共71页2、通常通常3、必须必须4、whenwhileifthus分词作状语分词作状语第65页/共71页Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.HavinglivedinBerlinmanyyears,heknewthecitywell.分词作状语分词作状语第66页/共71页肯定式肯定式否定式否定式一般式一般式doingnotdoing完成式完成式havingdonenothavingdone现在分词作状语现在分词作状语第67页/共71页同时发生同时发生之前发生之前发生动作之前动作之前第68页/共71页肯定形式肯定形式否定形式否定形式一般式一般式beingdonenotbeingdone完成式完成式havingbeendone nothavingbeendone现在分词的语态现在分词的语态第69页/共71页感谢您的观看！第71页/共71页