高考重点难点练习.ppt

高考重点难点专题复习高考重点难点专题复习非谓语动词不定式的时态 时态 构成一般式 to do完成式 to have done进行式 to be doing不定时所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词所示的动作或状态同时或几乎同时发生或存在，用一般式。不定式所示动作或状态发生在谓语动词所示动作或状态之后也用一般式。Im glad to see you.My uncle asked me to see him this summer.不定式所示动作或状态发生在谓语动词所示动作或状态之前时用完成式。Im glad to have seen your mother yesterday.He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.当谓语动词的动作或状态发生时，不定式动词所示动作正在进行时用进行式They seem to be talking about you.You are said to be writing a paper on pollution不定式的被动语态被动语态 构成一般式 to be done完成式 to have been doneThese students want to be sent to work in our company.He is said to have been killed.不定式的主动语态代替被动语态1 当不定式与最近的名词有动宾关系，且与句中另一名词有主谓关系。He has nothing to eat.I will give you a book to read 2当不定式在“主语+表语（形容词）”结构中作状语，且句中主语是这个不定式的逻辑宾语。The text is easy to recite.不定式的语法功能一.作主语直接作主语To see is to believe.用it 代替不定式作形式主语。Its good to see all my teachers and friends again.二.作宾语1.可用不定式直接作宾语的动词 want,like,wish,hate,prefer,hope,continue,refuse,manage,try,ask,offer,start,forget,promise,mean,pretend,begin,decide,learn,agree,care,choose,determine,expect,affordThe boy pretended to have finished it.2.需用it代不定式作宾语的动词find,make,think,consider,feelHe found it important to study the situation in Russia.Do you consider it better not to go?三.作宾补1.可接不定式作宾补的动词 love,teach,ask,get,tell,invite,force,oblige,beg,allow,wish,want,like,hate,prefer,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,forbid,lead,trouble,等。She got young girls to learn nursing there.2.wait for,call on,send for,ask for,depend on,long for,care for等也可接不定式作宾补。I wait for you to decide.Ill ask for Mr Li to lend me some money.3.tell,advise,show,teach等动词还可接连接代词或连接副词再加不定式作宾补。The old man showed me how to drive a car.4.make,have,let 等使役动词以及see,watch,notice,observe,look at,feel,hear,listen to等感官动词可接不定式作宾补。但在主动语态中 to应省去,被动语态中不能省.It made her feel better.I can let you have one ticket.四 作状语作动词的状语 1 目的状语 She did all she could to save him.To master a language,words and grammatical rules are not enough.2 结果状语 They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.3 原因状语 The children laughed to see such a wonderful thing.作形容词的状语 I am sorry to hear that.I was anxious to know the result.The teacher is willing to do anything for his students五 作表语 Her wish is to become a teacher.So all the driver could do was to go back home.To him the most important thing is to save lives.六作定语不定式作定语与它所修饰的名词存在下列三种关系动宾关系：动宾关系：不定式所修饰的名词是这个不定式的逻辑宾语。Has the visitor had anything to eat?My cousin hired a room to to live in.主谓关系主谓关系：不定式所修饰的名词是这个不定式的逻辑主语。Her younger sister was the first girl to work out the problem.所属关系：不定式与所修饰名词存在一种所属关系。可形成这种关系的名词有way,time,plan,chance,opportunity,movement,reason,promise,wish,effort等The farmers began to think of ways to kill hawks.