非谓语动词口诀改最终.pptx

非谓语动词的概念 在句子中不能独立作谓语，只能作其他成分（主语，宾语，主补，宾补，表语，状语等）的动词，叫做非谓语动词。否定形式：在其前加not（not+非谓语动词）第1页/共61页非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式：to+动词原形 动名词：动词原形+ing分词（现在分词和过去分词）第2页/共61页第3页/共61页 动词+doing 介词+doing doing动名词第4页/共61页喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 spend.doing sth.花费做某事 be busy doing sth.忙于做 imagine sb.doing sth.想象做某事 cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 finish doing sth.完成做某事 practice doing sth.练习做某事第5页/共61页 miss doing sth.错过做某事 suggest doing sth.建议做某事 keep(on)doing sth.保持（继续）做某事 mind doing sth.介意做某事 be worth doing sth.值得做某事 consider doing sth.考虑做某事错过建议保持介意值得考虑第6页/共61页只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀：喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 错过建议保持介意值得考虑错过建议保持介意值得考虑（押韵）（押韵）第7页/共61页 介词+doing 常考介词:at,in,on of,off,for,from up,about,without to 等等第8页/共61页 be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣 insist on doing 坚持做某事 be used for doing sth.被用来做某事 thank sb.for doing sth.谢谢某人做某事 be tired of doing sth.厌烦做某事 be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事 第9页/共61页put off doing 推迟做某事stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事give up doing sth.放弃做某事without doing sth.没有做某事think about doing sth.考虑做某事What How about doing 做某事怎么样?第10页/共61页此to 非彼to（to为介词）look forward to doing sth.（盼望）pay attention to doing sth.（注意）be used to doing sth.（习惯于）prefer doing sth to doing sth（宁愿做某事而不愿做某事）devote to doing sth （致力于）第11页/共61页小试牛刀1.Now more and more people are busy_ about the Internet.A.learn B.to learn C.learning D.learned 2.-Its too hot.Would you mind _the door?-_.Please do it.A.to open;OK B.opening;Certainly not C.opening;Of course D.to open;Good idea 3.No matter how hard it is,well keep_until we make it.A.failed B.failing C.tried D.trying 4.-Are you enjoying_in Ningbo?-Yes,we are.Very much.A.to live B.living C.lives D.lived 5 We couldnt help _ after we heard the funny story A.to laugh B.laughing C.laughed D.to be laughed C B D B B第12页/共61页动词不定式:肯定式:to do否定式:not to do（省略to的形式:do）第13页/共61页动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式（1 1）基本形式：）基本形式：不定式不定式to+动词原形动词原形（在某些情况下可以省略（在某些情况下可以省略 to）第14页/共61页 只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事第15页/共61页 决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事 decide to do sth.决定做某事 want would like to do sth.想要做某事 plan to do sth.计划做某 need to do sth.需要做某事 agree to do sth.同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事第16页/共61页 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事 make up ones mind to do 下决心做某事 used to do 过去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事第17页/共61页 接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：请求与命令 想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助第18页/共61页请求与命令 ask sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事 tell sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事第19页/共61页想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事 invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事 expect sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事 encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事 第20页/共61页 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助 promise sb.to do 答应某人做某事 warn sb.not to do sth.告诫某人做某事 allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事 remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事 help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事第21页/共61页 省略to的情况:使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看feel/hear,listen to/let,make,have,/look at,see,watch,noticehad better（not）do sth.最好(不)做why not/why dont you do sth 为什么不做?help sb.（to）do sth Would rather do sth宁愿做 would you please情态动词+do助动词（will）+do第22页/共61页区分下列词组:see sb.doing/do sth.hear sb.doing/do sth.watch sb.doing/do sth.notice sb.doing/do sth.第23页/共61页感官动词 see,watch,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feel+do（强调动作已经结束或将来的动作，经 常性的动作）+doing（强调动作正在发生或进行）注意：被动语态中不能省去to。第24页/共61页动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式(2)用法用法：A、作主语、作主语，如：To learn a foreign language is not easy.（不定式短语作主语）（不定式短语作主语）=Its not easy to learn a foreign language.注意：注意：不定式短语作主语如果太长，常用不定式短语作主语如果太长，常用It作形式主语，作形式主语，将不定式后置。除动词将不定式后置。除动词be外，外，动词动词take也常用于上述结构。也常用于上述结构。第25页/共61页B、作表语、作表语，如：My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英语。注：如果在主语中含有do 实意动词的形式，作表语的动词不定式要省去to,否则不省。What I want to do best is go to Hong Kong.(go 前省略了to)第26页/共61页动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式C、作宾语、作宾语I want to learn French.我想学法语。我想学法语。She decided to go abroad.她决定出国。她决定出国。.第27页/共61页同意提出做计划 agree,offer,intend,plan要求答应来帮忙demand,ask（要求）,promise,help准备决定遭拒绝 prepare,decide,refuse敢于选择有希望 dare,choose,wish,hope,want,expect不能做到莫假装 fail（未能做）,pretend设法做成决心坚 manage（设法做成了）,determine I dont know what to do.只能跟不定式（只能跟不定式（to do）作宾语的常见动词有：）作宾语的常见动词有：另外：动词+特殊疑问词+to do，例如：第28页/共61页动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式D、作宾补、作宾补动词动词+宾语宾语+宾补（宾补（to do）动词动词+宾语宾语+doLi Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary.注：有以上结构的常用动词有注：有以上结构的常用动词有 tell.wish,ask,want,beg,invite,warn,allow,encourage,advise 等。等。(省省to 的不定式作宾补的不定式作宾补)注：常用的动词是：注：常用的动词是：“一感二听三让四看见一感二听三让四看见”感官动词感官动词feel,hear,listen to,see,watch,notice,look at；使役动词使役动词 have,make,let.第29页/共61页E、作状语、作状语可以表结果、原因、目的、条件。如：可以表结果、原因、目的、条件。如：She went to see a doctor.她去看医生了。（目的）她去看医生了。（目的）He is mad to hear the news.他听到这消息疯了。（原因）他听到这消息疯了。（原因）The boy is not old enough to go to school.这男孩还不到上学年龄。（结果）这男孩还不到上学年龄。（结果）To study hard,youll make good progress.努力学习，就会取得好成绩。（条件）努力学习，就会取得好成绩。（条件）动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式第30页/共61页F、作定语、作定语（必须后置）（必须后置）如：He has nothing to do.他无事可做。Theres no time to think about it.没有时间考虑此事。注意注意：不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓/动宾。如：He is the last man to leave.他是最后一个离开的人。（主谓关系）She said she had a lot of work to do.她说她有许多工作要做。（动宾关系）注意：注意：不定式作定语若是逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式是不及物动词的话，后应跟着一个相应的介词，但如果被修饰的是place、time、way 就除外。如：We must rent a house to live in.That is a very good place to live.第31页/共61页 在学习动词不定式的时候还有在学习动词不定式的时候还有两点两点要注意哦！要注意哦！1、“一感二听三让四看见一感二听三让四看见”，要用，要用省省to的不定的不定式式作宾补作宾补,但变为但变为被动句被动句时，要时，要加上加上to,如如（feel,hear,listen to,see,watch,notice,look at,have,make,let）e.g.1）We hear him sing in the next room.He is heard to sing in the next room.第32页/共61页2、动词不定式的动词不定式的否定形式否定形式为：为：not+to doMr.Smith asked the boy _(not play)this kind of game.not to playPlease have him _(not do)so much housework.not do第33页/共61页牛刀小试1.Mymotheroftenasksme_somecleaningonSundaysAdoB.doesC.didD.todo2.DoyouoftenhearJohn_inhisroom?Listen!Nowwecanhearhim_inhisroom.A.sing,tosingB.sing,singC.sing,singingD.tosing,singing3.Iwatchedher_inthenextroomlastnight.A.dancingB.todanceC.dancesD.dance4.Lets_swimmingaftertheexam.A.goB.goesC.togoD.went5.Youdbetter_abus.A.tocatchB.catchC.catchesD.catching D C A A B第34页/共61页特殊词精讲:to do doing remember forget要去做要去做已做过已做过stop go on 两件事两件事 一件事一件事likehatelove一次性一次性 经常性习惯经常性习惯 try 尽力做尽力做 尝试做尝试做 Start，begin一样一样 一样一样 第35页/共61页stop doing/to do sth.stop to do停下来去做另一件事，stop doing停止正在做的某事。Eg:他们停下来吸烟。They stop to smoke.停止扔垃圾 Please stop throwing rubbish.第36页/共61页forget to do忘记要去做某事，forget doing忘记做过某事。Eg：办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作）The light in the office is still on，he forgot to turn it off.（没关灯）He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）forget doing/to do sth.第37页/共61页remember doing/to do sth.remember to do 记得要去做某事remember doing记得做过某事 Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。Dont you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?第38页/共61页go on doing/to do sth.go on to do 做了一件事后，继续做另一件事，go on doing继续做原来做的事。Eg：读完课文后，他接着去做数学练习。After reading the text，he went on his maths exercises.he went on reading Lesson One after a short rest.短暂的休息后，他继续读第一课。第39页/共61页try doing/to do sth.try to do sth.尽力做某事Although maths is difficult,I will try to study it.try doing sth.尝试做某事The machine couldnt work.Lets try repairing it.第40页/共61页regret doing/regret to do sth.regret to do sth.遗憾没有做某事 I regretted to tell you that you didnt pass the exam.regret doing sth.后悔做了某事 How I regretted having said this to him!第41页/共61页mean doing/mean to do sth.mean doing sth.意味着做某事Miss the train means waiting for anotherday.mean to do sth.打算做某事I meant to call you,but I was busy.第42页/共61页分词现在分词：V-ing过去分词：规则加ed，不规则需要逐个记忆第43页/共61页第44页/共61页分词作表语现在分词作表语，表示主语(物)的性质特征;过去分词作表语，表主语（人）的感觉或状态。如：The book is very interesting.Im interested in the book.Jane felt very tired.第45页/共61页现在分词表主动或动作正在进行，过去分词表被动或动作完成。现在分词作状语，句中主语为现在分词的动作执行者；过去分词作状语，句中主语为过去分词的动作承受者。现在分词作状语可表时间、原因、方式、伴随和结果；过去分词作状语能表时间、原因、条件、让步。如：Hearing what she said,he couldnt help laughing.(现在分词作时间状语)Heated to about 1500,iron will be melted.(过去分词作时间状语)Being ill he didnt go to school yesterday.(现在分词作原因状语)第46页/共61页分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。1)Being an orphan（孤儿）,the nurse treated him kindly.（F）2)He being an orphan,the nurse treated him kindly.（T）3)As he was an orphan,the nurse treated him kindly.（T）第47页/共61页牛刀小试 1.from the tallest building,the whole city looks very beautiful.A.See B.Seeing C.Seen D.Saw2.On her way home Linda saw a thief in a shop.She stopped 110 at once.A.Steal;call B.to steal;call C.stealing;to call D.Saw3.He sent me an E-mail,to get further information.A.to hope B.hoping C.hope D.hoped4.The company last year developed very fast.A.built B.to be built C.building D.being built C C B A第48页/共61页5.China is a country,while the USA is a country.A.developing;developing B.developed;developedC.developed;developing D.developing;developed6.The professor came in,by the students.A.following B.followed;C.having followed D.to be followed7.,Lincoln was loved by all the people in the country.A.Being an honest man B.being that he was an honest man.C.He was an honest manD.An honest man being D B A第49页/共61页8.Tony stood up and accepted the prize,and happy.A.surprising B.surprised C.being surprised D.to be surprising9.The man under the tree is a doctor.A.lied B.lying C.to lie D.lies10.What to do next,he stopped to wait.A.Knowing not B.Having not knownC.Not know D.Not knowing B B D第50页/共61页6).The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt 该题的谓语动词是该题的谓语动词是 attract，“闻起来很香闻起来很香”用来作定语用来作定语修饰主语修饰主语 flowers。B第51页/共61页3)._ the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given4).He sent me an E-mail,_ to get further information.A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope given 作状语意为作状语意为“考虑到考虑到”，意思相当于，意思相当于 considering。注意注意 hoping 为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的的是后面的 to get。BA第52页/共61页1).No matter how frequently _,the works of Beethoven will still attract people all over the world.A.performed B.performing C.to be performed D.being performingA第53页/共61页 practice 分词作状语：1).When _(heat),water will be changed into vapour.While _(heat)water,we can change it into vapour.2)_(see)from the hill,the city looks beautiful._(see)from the hill,you will find the city beautiful.3)Generally speaking,when _(take)according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.If _(take)the drug according to the directions,you will be better soon.heatedheatingSeenSeeing takentaking第54页/共61页动词不定式的语态第55页/共61页分词的时态和语态变化（以动词write 和go 为例）第56页/共61页分词作定语第57页/共61页非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus,leaving her handbag on her seat.（非谓语动词）She got off the bus,but left her handbag on her seat.（两个分句）第58页/共61页例：The key_，she went through her handbag carefully.A.hadnt been found B.having not been found C.not having been found D.wasnt found试题分析：试题分析：选项选项A A、D D均为谓语形式，选择其中的任何一项均为谓语形式，选择其中的任何一项 前半部分便成为一个分句，与后面的分句必须使用前半部分便成为一个分句，与后面的分句必须使用 连词。以表示前后分句的逻辑关系，因此全部排除。连词。以表示前后分句的逻辑关系，因此全部排除。选项选项B B是现在分词的完成被动式，凡非谓语动词的否是现在分词的完成被动式，凡非谓语动词的否 定形式，定形式，notnot必须加在最前面，因此也应排除。必须加在最前面，因此也应排除。not not having been found having been found同其逻辑主语同其逻辑主语the keythe key构成独立构成独立主主 格结构，作原因状语。本试题中句子的主语格结构，作原因状语。本试题中句子的主语 sheshe不能不能 充当分词的逻辑主语。充当分词的逻辑主语。C第59页/共61页第60页/共61页感谢您的观看！第61页/共61页