初中英语动词不定式复习 .pptx
定义：不定式的构成是定义：不定式的构成是to+to+动词原形动词原形，当然，当然toto有时也可以省略有时也可以省略。动词不定式没有人称。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，和数的变化，可以担当除谓语外的任何句可以担当除谓语外的任何句子成分。子成分。构成：构成：to+do(动词原形动词原形)第1页/共23页用法：用法：1、用作宾语用作宾语(v.+todo)e.g:Iwanttobuyacomputer.Shehopestofindabetterjob.Iwishtogowithyou.Ifounditdifficulttofallasleep.我发现很难入睡。我发现很难入睡。need to do learn to do agree to do stop to doplan to do decide to do go on to do try to do begin to do start to do refuse to do like to doforget to do remember to do 第2页/共23页2.用作宾语补足语：(v.+sb.+to do)Sheaskedmetohelpher.Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime.Edisonsmothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.want sb to dowish sb to do get sb to doorder sb to do find sb to be like sb to do would like sb to dohelp sb to do第3页/共23页一感:feel三让letmakehave二听listentohear四看watchseelookatnotice宾语补足语不带to的情况：第4页/共23页Letmedoit.Isawhimcrossthestreet.比较：Iheardhersinginginthenextroom.Iheardhersinginthenextroom.第5页/共23页3.用作状语(adverbial)：HecametoshowmehisnewCDplayer.Iwenttheretoseemyteacher.ShecamebacktogetherEnglishbook.Theboywastoofrightenedtomove.(目的)(目的)(目的)（结果）（结果）第6页/共23页 It与不定式：动词不定式可以做主语，但如与不定式：动词不定式可以做主语，但如果动词不定式太长，显得果动词不定式太长，显得头重脚轻头重脚轻的，那么的，那么我们就我们就可用形式主语可用形式主语it代替代替，而把真正主语，而把真正主语(即不定式即不定式)放于句尾。放于句尾。e.g:ItisnotdifficultformetostudyEnglishwell.对我来说学好英语不难。对我来说学好英语不难。4.4.用作主语用作主语第7页/共23页1.To go abroad is his dream.2.To say is easy,to do is difficult.（不定式作主语时可将其用形式主语（不定式作主语时可将其用形式主语it来替换）来替换）It is his dream to go abroad.It is easy to say,it is difficult to do.第8页/共23页5.用作表语用作表语His work is to feed the animals.Her job is to look after the patients.My dream is to be a scientist.第9页/共23页6.用作定语用作定语Give me something to drink.I have two books to read.They have much food to eat.（这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是不及物动词，若是不及物动词，介词介词不能省略不能省略）He asked for a room to live in.I dont have a pen to write with.The ice is hard enough to skate on.He bought a toy to play with.第10页/共23页7.疑问词疑问词who,what,which,where,when,how加加todo可构成可构成不定式短语不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、，在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.Idontknowwhattodo.Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.Thequestioniswho(m)toask.(主语主语)(宾语宾语)(宾补宾补)(表语表语)Idontknowhowtouseacomputer.(宾语宾语)第11页/共23页注意：注意：在与whywhy连用时，只用于whywhy或why notwhy not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带toto。Why not have a rest?Why not have a rest?第12页/共23页too.to太太.以致于不能以致于不能.enoughto足以足以.Theboxistooheavyformetolift.这个箱子太沉了，我提不动。Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他到上学的年龄了。特殊用法特殊用法第13页/共23页1、wouldrather，hadbetter后。后。eg:Youhadbetterstayathome.2、Why./Whynot.后。后。e.g：WhynothaveagoodrestonSunday?为什么星期天不好好休息一下为什么星期天不好好休息一下呢呢?3 3、使役动词使役动词let,have,make等后接不定等后接不定e.g:Lethimgo!让他走让他走!不定式不定式省省toto有四种情况：有四种情况：宁愿；宁可第14页/共23页4、感官动词感官动词:see,watch,lookat,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补，省等后作宾补，省to。如：如：Isawhimdance.我看见他跳舞。我看见他跳舞。（其中（其中help的的to可省可不省）可省可不省）e.g:Letmedoit.e.g:Isawhimcrossthestreet.比较：比较：Iheardhersinginginthenextroom.（强调正（强调正在）在）Iheardhersinginthenextroom.（强调全过程）（强调全过程）第15页/共23页注意注意：这些情况在被动句中可千万不可省这些情况在被动句中可千万不可省to to 哟！哟！（被动语态中被动语态中，“to”to”要还原要还原）e.g:The boss made them work the whole night.=变成被动句：They were made to work the whole night.第16页/共23页根据句意,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Itstimeforus(have)supper2.Wouldyoulike_(go)shopping withme？3.Ittookushalfanhour_(work)outtheproblemtohave主语togo宾语towork主语第17页/共23页4.Heisoldenough_(join)thearmy5.Iamveryglad_(meet)youhere6.Theyprefer_(stay)athomeratherthangoouttojoin结果状语tomeet形容词补足语(原)tostay宾语tosay定语7.Haveyougotanything_(say)?第18页/共23页8.Wesawthem_(come)intotheroomjustnow9.IamsorryIforgot_(tell)youthenews10.Hisplanis_(spend)afewdaysinthemountains11.Doyouknowwhen_(start)？come宾补totell宾语tospend表语tostart不定式短语作宾语第19页/共23页12.Heistooweak_(carry)thebigstone13.MrBlackaskedtheman_(notjump)thequeue.14.Yourfatherissleeping.Youdbetter_(notwake)himup.tocarry结果状语nottojumpnotwake第20页/共23页Game:makeupasayingLookfortheoldsoastolearnthenew!for,the,look,so,as,learn,new,the,to,old!温故而知新温故而知新!以便；以致第21页/共23页Hi,relaxyourself!第22页/共23页谢谢您的观看！第23页/共23页
