中考英语动词不定式.pptx

否定结构不定式 to do 一般结构not to do 第1页/共19页1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语6.作表语7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用第2页/共19页三.用法/功能To see is to believe.Its important to learn.(1).主语不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.isis(2).表语第3页/共19页I want to go home.The workers needed to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.(3)宾语think/consider/find it+adj.+to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,set outchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.第4页/共19页The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4).宾补五看 watch see look at observe notice三使 let make have 二听 listen to hear一感觉:feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等第5页/共19页I made him do his work.He was made to do his work(by me).不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).She could do nothing but cry.(2).I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.第6页/共19页I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do.He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.(5).定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)第7页/共19页不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有上大学的机会。第8页/共19页2.不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定式后面仍须有相应的介词。3.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。He had no money and no place to live.他没钱没地方住。请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.第9页/共19页4.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：1.Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send的动作执行者是you）2.Do you have anything to be sent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else）第10页/共19页I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6)状语in order to,so as to,enough to,only to,too.to.,第11页/共19页关于小品词to (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词.eg:Would you like to go with me?Id like to.(2).不定式是to be 结构,be 不可省.eg:Would you like to be a teacher?Id like to be.第12页/共19页不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.他不知道说什么。(宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语)My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语)注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Why not have a rest?第13页/共19页 固定句型固定句型:1.had better/had best+(not)do sth.最好（不）做某事2.Why(not)do sth.?3.prefer to do/prefer doing4.prefer+n./doing A+to+n./doing B5.prefer+to do A rather than (to)do B6.would rather(not)do sth.7.would rather do A than(do)B8.would rather+句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）要做第14页/共19页第15页/共19页1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B.to give up C.give up D.given up2.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.A.having been B.to have beenC.to be D.being3.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it offC.to turn it off D.having turned it off第16页/共19页4.-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.school to study in B.school for children to studyC.studying school D.school to study5.We find it impossible for us _ the work.A.to finish B.finishing C.being finished D.to be finished第17页/共19页6._ a living,she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B.MadeC.Making D.To have made7.I would rather starve to death than _ for food.A.beg B.begging C.begged D.to beg8.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B.to read C.to be reading D.being read第18页/共19页谢谢您的观看！第19页/共19页