英语修辞手法.pptx
Figuresofspeech(修辞)arewaysofmakingourlanguagefigurative.Whenweusewordsinotherthantheirordinaryorliteralsensetolendforcetoanidea,toheighteneffect,ortocreatesuggestiveimagery,wearesaidtobespeakingorwritingfiguratively.第1页/共41页Commonformsoffiguresofspeech1.simile2.metaphor3.personification4.metonymy5.synecdoche6.irony7.epigram(paradox)8.repetition9.antithesis10.parallelism11.euphemism12.transferredepithet13.oxymoron14.alliteration15.hyperbole16.litotes17.anti-climax18.assonance19.periodicsentence20.rhetoricalquestion21.onomatopoeia22.pun23.antonomasia24.analogy第2页/共41页1.Simile(明喻)acomparisonbetweentwounlikethingshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon1.用likeThewaterlaygreyandwrinkledlikeanelephantsskin.Hereyeswerejetblack,andherhairwaslikeawaterfall.第3页/共41页2、用as表示Everytreeandeverybranchwasencrustedwithbrightanddelicatehoarfrost,whiteandpure,assnow,delicateanddefinedascarvedivory.Hisfacewasasgreyasashes.Asthelioniskingofbeasts,soistheeaglekingofbirds.3、用what表示Whatlightistotheeyeknowledgeistothemind.Readingistothemindwhatexerciseistothebody.Judiciouspraiseistothechildrenwhatthesunistoflowers.第4页/共41页2.Metaphor(暗喻)acomparisonbetweentwounlikethings,butthecomparisonisimpliedratherthanstatedSnowclothestheground.Theshipploughedthesea.Alltheworldisastage,andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers.Theboywolfeddownthefoodthemomenthegrabbedit.Heswambravelyagainstthetideofpopularapplause.main artery of transportation in the young nations heart第5页/共41页3.Personification(拟人)a figure that endows objects,animals,ideas,or abstractions with human form,character,or sensibility Life dealt him profound personal tragedies.the river had acquainted him with.to literatures enduring gratitude.Bitterness fed on the man.America laughed with him.The Middle Easter bazaar takes you.The window winked at me.dancing flashes第6页/共41页4.Metonymy(换喻)(借代）afigureofspeechthatconsistsinusingthenameofonethingforthatofsomethingelsewithwhichitisassociatedInJapanthereisanincessantstrugglebetweenthekimonoandtheminiskirt.Shewasagirlwhoexcitedtheemotions,butIwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.heart:feelingsandemotionshead,brain:wisdom,intelligence,reason第7页/共41页Metonymycanbederivedfromvarioussources:a.NamesofpersonsUncleSam:theUSAb.Animalsthebear:theSovietUnionthe dragon:the Chinese(a fight betweenthebearandthedragon)c.Partsofthebodyheart:feelingsandemotionshead,brain:wisdom,intelligence,reasonShe was a girl who excited the emotions,butIwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.greyhair:oldage第8页/共41页d.Profession:thepress:newspapers,reportersetc.HemetthepressyesterdayeveningattheGrandHotel.thebar:thelegalprofessione.location of government,businessetc.DowningStreet:theBritishGovernmenttheWhiteHouse:theUSpresidentandhisgovernmenttheCapitolHill:USCongressWallStreet:USfinancialcirclesHollywood:Americanfilmmakingindustry第9页/共41页Letsgotobednow.(bed-sleeping)Whatislearnedinthecradleiscarriedtothegrave.(cradle-birth,grave-death)Hispenwouldprovemightierthanhispickax.第10页/共41页5.Synecdoche(提喻)withpartrepresentingthewholeorviseversaTwoheadsarebetterthanone.Manyhandsmakelightwork.Thefootballmatchwasaclosecontest.Intheend,Chinawon.Theworldknowshisworth.Thecitypostedasign,whichturnedouttobeverycontroversial.第11页/共41页6.Irony(反语)a figure of speech in which the meaning literally expressed is theopposite of the meaning intended and which aims at ridicule,humourorsarcasmHiroshima-theLiveliestCityinJapanEachdayofsufferingthathelpstofree me from earthly carescongratulate myself on the good fortunethatmyillnesshasbroughtmemarchingbackwardstothegloriousageofthe16thcentury第12页/共41页7.Epigram(paradox)(警句)(隽语）abrief,pointedsayingthathasthenatureofaproverbThebestepigramsarethoseinwhichthereisanapparentcontradictionbetweentheintendedmeaningandtheformoftheexpression.Likeantithesis,epigramisbasedoncontrast.Businessisbusiness.(Friendshipisfriendship.)第13页/共41页Homeishome,beiteversohomely.(EastorWest,homeisbest.)Alittlelearningisadangerousthing.IgnoranceisthecurseofGod,knowledgethewingwherewithweflytoheaven.Thedayhaseyes,thenighthasears.Asnowyear,arichyear.Wordsarewomen,deedsaremen.Onehastobecrueltobekind.Warispeace.Freedomisslavery.Ignoranceisstrength.Morehaste,lessspeed.第14页/共41页Howyoungaretheold?Thechildisfatheroftheman.(Wordsworth)Afriendtoeverybodyisafriendtonobody.Themoreyougive,themoreyouhave.多施多得。Amanwhoisfullofhimselfisempty.(Donne)第15页/共41页8.Repetition(重复)Wehavebutoneaimandonesinglepurposenothingwillturnus-nothingWewillneverparley,wewillnevernegotiate.Thisisourpolicyandthisisourdeclarationasweshallfaithfullyandsteadfastly第16页/共41页9.Antithesis(对偶)the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas inbalancedstructuralformstoachieveemphasisManyarecalled,butfewarechosen.Speechissilver;silenceisgolden.Manproposes,Goddisposes.Deedsshowwhatweare,words,whatweshouldbe.between what people claim to be and what they really are.a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever第17页/共41页10.Parallelism(排比)useofparallelpartsofrelevantmeaningsandsimilarstructurestoemphasizeorrenderdepthtothenarrationThepast,withitscrimes,itsfollies,anditstragedies.Isee,.Isee.thereturnofthebread-winner,oftheirchampion,oftheirprotectorWeshallfighthimbyland,weshallfighthimbysea,weshallfighthimintheair第18页/共41页11.Euphemism(委婉语)thesubstitutionofanagreeableorin-offensiveexpressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggeststhunpleasantHe was sentenced to prison-He is now living at the governmentsexpenses.Hecommentedwithacrushingsenseofdespaironmensfinalreleasefromearthlystruggle.Theboyisabitslowforhisage.第19页/共41页12.Transferredepithet(移就)anadjectiveusedtolimitanounwhichitcannotlogicallymodifyIspentsleeplessnightsonmyproject.TheU.S.hasnowsetupalonelinessindustry.DarrowhadwhisperedthrowingareassuringarmroundmyshoulderasHemadehimselfaprofoundlybadcupoftea.Instantlyfromthedarkholesallround,therewasafrenziedrushofJews.第20页/共41页13.Oxymoron(矛盾修辞)formedbyconjoiningoftwocontrastingtermsMalonecalledmyconvictionavictoriousdefeat.bittersweetmemoriesproudhumilityorderlychaosadamnedsaint第21页/共41页cruelkindness害人不浅的仁慈（残忍的仁慈）laboriousidleness令人腻烦的闲散（辛苦的闲散）painfulpleasure悲喜交集（痛苦的喜悦）第22页/共41页Theparentaldisciplinecanbedescribedascruel kindness.Sheisaclever fool.Heisacheerful pessimist.Hewaspuzzledathercruel kindness.第23页/共41页It(NewYork)hasthepoorestmillionaires,thelittlestgreatmen,thehaughtiestbeggars,theplainestbeauties,thelowestskyscrapers,thedolefulestpleasuresofanytownIeversaw.(O.Henry:TheDuel)心灵最空虚的百万富翁（最贫困的百万富翁）人格最渺小的伟人（最矮小的伟人）最目空一切的草包（最目空一切的乞丐）最使人瞧不上眼的美女（最普通的美女）最卑鄙龌龊的摩天大楼（最低矮的摩天大楼）最令人悲哀的娱乐（最令人悲哀的欢乐）第24页/共41页14.Alliterationorfrontrhyme(首字母押韵)therepetitionofaninitialsoundthatisusu.aconsonantintwoormoreneighbouringwordssliptoastoptestedandtreated.theslow,sleepy,sluggish-brainedslothstayedathomeSpeechissilver;silenceisgolden.第25页/共41页15.Hyperbole(夸张)a device of comparison using exaggeration or obvious overstatement for comic or dramatic effect.takes you.hundreds even thousands of yearsinnumerable lampsincredibly youngwith the dust of centuries:.cruise through eternal boyhood and.endless summer of freedom.The cast of characters-a cosmos.第26页/共41页Thebagweighed aton.Youcannotcarryitwithyou.They murderedusatthenegotiatingsession.Ihaveasea ofsentimentsandaworldofwordstospeaktohim,butfailtotellthemwithmypoorpen.第27页/共41页16.Litotesorrhetoricalunderstatement(含蓄表达)theoppositeofhyperbole,whichcontainsanunderstatementforemphasis,frequentlywithanegativeassertion,oftenusedwithironicalintentionsIshantbesorrywhenitsover.(Ishallbeveryglad)Itsnolaughingmatter.(Itsveryserious.)Heisnomeanscholar.(Hesagoodscholar.)Wearenotunpreparedforthewar.第28页/共41页17.anti-climax(突降法)thesuddenappearanceofanabsurdortrivialideafollowinga serious significant ideas and suspensions.This device isusu.aimedatcreatingcomicorhumorouseffects.atownknownthroughouttheworldforits-oystersThedutiesofasoldieraretoprotecthiscountryandpeelpotatoes.第29页/共41页18.Assonance(押尾韵)the use of the same or related,vowel sounds in successivewordsclanking,heel-clicking,cowingandtying.ploddingonlikecrawlinglocusts,.smartingfrommanyaBritishwhipping.easierandsaferpreywhenbigotslightedfaggotstoburn.第30页/共41页19.periodicsentence(掉尾句)(圆周句）toleavethemostimportantpartattheendofthesentencesoastokeeptheaudienceinsuspenseItisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofafortunemustbeinwantofawife.WhenIawokeon.invasionofRussia.IfHitlerimaginesthat.woefullymistaken.Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid.AnymanorstatewhomarcheswithHitlerisourfoe.第31页/共41页20.Rhetoricalquestion(修辞问句)aquestionthatneedsnoanswer,butusedforemphasisWasInotatthesceneofthecrime?butcanyoudoubtwhatourpolicywillbe?第32页/共41页21.Onomatopoeia(拟声词)words imitating the sounds associated with the thing concernedThe patient groaned as he was lifted on to the stretcher.The hinge of the door needs oiling,it creaks every time it is opened.Thetickingoftheclockwastheonlysoundthatgreetedhim,fornotasoulremained.withitsclanking,heel-clicking,dandifiedPrussianofficers,I am hungry,my stomach is rumbling.第33页/共41页22.Pun(双关双关语)aplayonwords,orratheraplayontheformandmeaningofwordsDarwinisright-inside.Sevendayswithoutwatermakesoneweak.A:Whyareparliamentaryreportscalled“BlueBooks”?B:Becausetheyareneverred(read).A:Whatisthemostcontradictorysignseeninthelibrary?B:Tospeakaloudisnotallowed(aloud).第34页/共41页23.Antonomasia换称与借代、典故相似，但它所使用的专用名词却常涉及历史上或文学作品中的著名人物与事件。1.用专名词代替普通名词(1)Soloman,Zhugeliang-awiseman(2)Judas-atraitor(3)UncleTom-aNegrowhocompromisesandconformswiththeWhites(4)JimGrow-blackpeople(5)Romeo-love情郎第35页/共41页Itmaybecalledthe West Lakeofourprovince.ImsureheisourfutureNewton.ADaniel hascometojudgement.(Daniel为正直的法官，圣经中希伯来的预言家。）HeisourGorky.Heisournationalhero!玛克西姆高尔基(英译MaksimGorky)第36页/共41页Thelatter-dayAladdin,stillsnuglyabed,thenpressesabuttononabedsideboxandissues2.用普通名词代替专名词Beefeater吃牛肉者（代替英国皇家卫兵）Fatheroflies谎言之父（代替魔鬼撒旦）GardenofEngland英格兰的花园（代替英国肯特郡）第37页/共41页24.Analogy类比借助一些共同的相似之点来作平行的比较，比明喻与隐喻的着眼点更广阔。常用连接词语“asso”.Analogyisfavouredbyscientistsintheirwriting,sinceithelpsthemtoexplain,convince,andgetacrosstheirpointtothereader.Analogymakesdifficultthingseasytounderstandbytheuseofobjectsoractsthatarequitefamiliartothereaderasthebasisofcomparison.Analogyisalsousedinliteraryprosewriting.第38页/共41页ShipsintheDesert(unit3)Ausefulsystemcomesfromthemilitary,local(skirmishes),regional(battles),strategic(conflicts)Environmentalthreatscanbeconsideredinthesameway:第39页/共41页Thebodyisaunit,thoughitismadeupofmanyparts;andthoughallitspartsaremany,theyformonebody.SoitiswithChrist.Peoplesaythatwhenthefirstsuccessfulballoonflighttookplace,BenjaminFranklinwasasked:“Whatgoodwassuchaninvention?”Heanswered,“Whatgoodisanewbornbaby?”第40页/共41页感谢您的观看！第41页/共41页
