语法填空专项之代词.pptx

一、人称代词1)1)人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。第1页/共45页第2页/共45页2)人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：I like table tennis.（作主语）Do you know him?（作宾语）3)人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：-Who is knocking at the door?-Its me.4)人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：He is older than me.He is older than I am.第3页/共45页二、物主代词1)表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。第4页/共45页第5页/共45页2)形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：Our teacher is coming to see us.This is her pencil-box.3)名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our school is here,and theirs is there.（作主语）-Is this English-book yours?（作表语）-No.Mine is in my bag.Ive already finished my homework.Have you finished yours?（作宾语）第6页/共45页三、反身代词英语中用来表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。第7页/共45页第8页/共45页 反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。1)作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。He called himself a writer2)作表语。It doesnt matter.Ill be myself soon 3)作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。I myself washed the clothes第9页/共45页enjoy oneselfmake oneself at homemake oneself understoodheardfor oneself 为自己为自己by oneself 独自地独自地of oneself 自然地，自动地自然地，自动地The door opened of itself.The fire went out of itself.反身代词相关短语反身代词相关短语 第10页/共45页中文中文主格主格宾格宾格所有格所有格名词性物代名词性物代反身代词反身代词我我我们我们你你你们你们他他她她它它他们他们 I me my mine myself we us our ours ourselvesyou you your yours yourselfyou you your yours yourselves he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itselfthey them their theirs themselves第11页/共45页四、指示代词指示代词包括：thisthis，thatthat，thesethese，thosethose。1)this1)this和thesethese一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，thatthat和thosethose则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time 第12页/共45页2)2)有时thatthat和thosethose指前面讲到过的事物，this this 和thesethese则是指下面将要讲 到的事物，例如：I had a cold.Thats why I didnt come.What I want to say is this;pronunciation is very important in learning English第13页/共45页3)有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如：Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai 4)this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如：Hello!This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?第14页/共45页The Use of“it”代词 it引导词 itIt句型的归纳 Sentences With“it”第15页/共45页 1.用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物 My pen is missing.I cant find it anywhere.-Who is knocking at the door?-Its me.Jack is ill.Have you heard about it?代词-it第16页/共45页2用以代替指示代词this,that-Whats this?-Whose exercise-book is that?-Its hers.代词-it-Its a flag.第17页/共45页 3.表示时间、天气、距离季节、环境、情况等Its time for lunch.When spring comes,it gets warmer and warmer.Its about two hours from here to the zoo.Its winter now.It was very quiet(noisy)at the moment.代词-it第18页/共45页 4.作形式主语，代替由不定式（或不定式复合结构）、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。It is exciting to find an ancient tomb.(代替不定式)It was wrong for you not to help her.(代替不定式复合结构)It is believed that this man found in the grave was from a rich family.（代替主语从句）第19页/共45页 5作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。He feels it his duty to help others.We thought it no use doing that.I find it difficult to solve the problem.第20页/共45页 6用在强调结构中。常用强调结构“It is(was)+被强调成分+that(或who)”I saw Li Ping in the street yesterday.第21页/共45页It was I that/who saw Li Ping in the street this morning.It was Li Ping that I saw in the street this morning.It was in the street that I saw Li Ping this morning.It was yesterday that I saw Li Ping in the street.it-强调结构第22页/共45页引导词-it强调not until结构时将此结构置于It is(was)that句型中，that后接肯定式。I didnt go to bed until I had finished my homework last night.It was that not until I had finished my homework last nightI went to bed.第23页/共45页1.It+be+adj.+of sb.+不定式sb.+be+adj.+不定式 It is very kind of you to help us.(=You are kind to help us.)Its cruel of him to kill that animal.It句型的归纳clever,bright,foolish,stupid,silly,wise,careful,careless,rude,impolite,nice,right,wrong,silly,good,brave,honest,etc.第24页/共45页2.It+be+adj.+for sb.+to do It is difficult for us to learn English.It is important for her to come to the party.常见的形容词有：important，necessary，natural easy，common，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，rare，impossible，pleasant,etc.第25页/共45页3.It+takes+sb.+some time+to do 表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”It took him some time to find the elephant.sb.+spend+some time+(in)doingHe spent some time(in)finding the elephant.4.It costs+sb.+some money+to do第26页/共45页5.It is+no use+动名词It is no use regretting your past mistakes.It is no use crying over split milk.It is no good learning English without speaking English.能以动名词作主语的这类句子并不多，主要在以no good,no use,useless,worthwhile,等词作表语的句子中用。第27页/共45页6.It+be+adj./n.+that-clauseIt is very clear that hes tall like a tree.It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.Adj:obvious,necessary，right，strange，natural,trueN:a fact,a shame,an honor,no wonder第28页/共45页7.It+be+过去分词+that-clauseIt is said that he has been ill for years.适用于这种句型的动词有report,announce,decide,learn,expect,arrange,suggest,etc.He is said to have been ill for years.第29页/共45页8.It+looks as if/seems+that-clauseIt seems that they are talking.用于这种句型的动词happen,turn out,appears等It happened that she was not at home.It turned out that he was Bushs father.It looks as if he is ill.第30页/共45页9.It is the first(second.)time that.该句型中的 that 从句用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，It is the first time I have been here.=This is the first time I have been here.It was the first time I had been here.第31页/共45页10.It+be+time+for It+be+time+(for sb.)+to do It+be+time+that 表示“该做某事了”It is time for supper.It is time(for us)to have supper.It is time that we had supper.that从句中要用虚拟语气 Its time that this problem was/should be solved第32页/共45页Practice timePractice time第33页/共45页 五、不定代词：some any onebothall manymuch few littlea fewa little eachevery eitherneither otherothers the other the others another第34页/共45页 (1)some与any：some一般用于肯定句中，但在表示请求并希望对方能给予肯定回答时，可用于疑问句中；any一般用于否定和疑问句中，但当any强调“任何”时，也可用于肯定句中。同理，something，somebody，someone的用 法 同 some；anything，anybody，anyone的用法同any。第35页/共45页用法：some用于肯定句中,用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。I have some friends.Smith went to some place in England.（定语）在期待对方回答yes 时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。Would you like some bananas?（邀请）Mum could you give me some money?(请求)any用于疑问句和否定句。Is there any student in the classroom?No,there isnt any student.any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Any day is okay for me.第36页/共45页one,both,all one指人或物，指人或物，“一个一个”，其复数为，其复数为ones,This is not the one I want.(表语表语)both指人或指物，指人或指物，“两者都两者都”如：如：This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语定语)Both my parents like this film.all“全部的全部的”、“整个的整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用，可与可数或不可数名词连用，表示表示“所有的所有的”、“全部的全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或，指三个或三个以上的人或物。物。He gave me all the money.他把全部的钱给了我。他把全部的钱给了我。All the schools are flooded.所有的学校都被淹了。所有的学校都被淹了。第37页/共45页注意：注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用完全否定用none。如：。如：Not all the ants go out for food.All the ants dont go out for food.并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。这钱一分也不是我的。第38页/共45页many和和much few,little;a few,a little few和little表示没有多少，含否定意义；而a few 和a little表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few、a few 修饰可数名词；little、a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。第39页/共45页each和和every each（各个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体.every（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。Every student in our class has a dictionary.(定语，强调班上“所有的人”)Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定语，强调各个个体）Each of them has been there.（主语）The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.（宾语）We each got a ticket.（同位语）第40页/共45页either和和neither either是“两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词，neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如：Here are two pens.You may take either of them.(宾语)Neither boy knows French.(定语)第41页/共45页other,others,the other,the others 和和 anotherthe other表示“两者中的另一个”；(one,the other)other意思是“其他的”，不能单独使用，后面必须接名词，表泛指；others可指其他的人或东西，相当于other+名词复数；the others特指其他某些人或物，相当于the other+名词复数。another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“（三个或三个以上的）另一个”，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。第42页/共45页 He got two books;one is textbook,the other is a novel.Five of the pencils are red,the others(the other pens)are yellow.Some students are singing,others(other students)are dancing.Please give me another book.第43页/共45页6相互代词：each other用于两者或两者以上；one another用于三者或三者以上，在现代英语中它们可通用。7疑问代词：what指事或物，不强调范围；who(whom，whose)指人；which既可指人也可指物，但强调范围。8关系代词：what，who，whom，whose，which，that，as，第44页/共45页感谢您的观看！第45页/共45页