现在完成时课件(1)2.ppt

Grammar现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法一.表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。常与不确定的时不确定的时间状语间状语连用，如:already,never,ever,already,never,ever,just,yet,before,just,yet,before,等,上一页下一页He has just turned off the light.He has just turned off the light.相于：He turned off the light just now.The light isnt on now.I have already finished my homework.I have already finished my homework.主菜单二.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延 续到现在的动作或状态,但动作或状态可能仍在继续。可以和表示一段时间的状语一段时间的状语一段时间的状语一段时间的状语连用since,since,for a long timefor a long time,lately,recently,in the,lately,recently,in the last/past few days/years.,since./then,last/past few days/years.,since./then,up to now,so farup to now,so far等.上一页下一页She has lived here since has lived here since she was born.she was born.I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English for more than ten years.ten years.现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单一、一、sincesince Mr.Smith has worked here since 1984.I have known Daniel since 7 years ago.HeHe s learned about 500 words s learned about 500 words since he since he went to college.went to college.上一页下一页主菜单一个时间点一个时间点一段时间一段时间ago从句从句二二、forfor一段时间一段时间（two weeks/six months/five daystwo weeks/six months/five days）forfor短语短语表示动作延续多长时间表示动作延续多长时间 。He has taught in this school He has taught in this school for four years.for four years.I haven I haven t seen her t seen her for a long timefor a long time.上一页下一页主菜单Comparison:-You speak French so well.Have you been to Paris?-Yes.I stayed there for 2 years.短暂性动词与时间段的关系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用段连用，这些动词是：become,begin,buy,become,begin,buy,become,begin,buy,become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come/go,die,fall,finish,borrow,arrive,come/go,die,fall,finish,borrow,arrive,come/go,die,fall,finish,borrow,arrive,come/go,die,fall,finish,get to know,join,leave,marry get to know,join,leave,marry get to know,join,leave,marry get to know,join,leave,marry 等。等。上一页下一页为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性延续性动词动词”来代替短暂性动词.（如下表）主菜单 borrow borrow keep keep buy buy have,have,arrive arrive be in/atbe in/at die die be deadbe dead,stop stop be overbe over begin/start begin/start be onbe on leave leave be away(frombe away(from),),come/go come/go be in/at,be in/at,get married get married be marriedbe married join join be inbe in /a member of/a member of下一页上一页主菜单电影开始五分钟了。The film The film has been onhas been on for five minutes.for five minutes.It isIt is five minutes five minutes sincesince the film the film beganThe film began The film began five minutes agofive minutes ago.他入党五年了。He has He has been inbeen in the Party for five years.the Party for five years.It isIt is five years five years sincesince he joined the Party.he joined the Party.He joined the Party He joined the Party five years ago.five years ago.下一页上一页主菜单也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型句型“It is since从句（从句中用一般过去时）”或用或用“一般过去时+ago”这一结构来表述延续性的动这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状作或状 态。态。上一页下一页主菜单 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习：1.1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。2.2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years.this watch for five years.I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five years/five years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago.The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years.for ten years.The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW下一页上一页主菜单eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页 第一句用现在完成时时态，意为：第一句用现在完成时时态，意为：“He bought He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And he an English-Chinese dictionary.And he still has itstill has it”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。调说明。主菜单Translate these sentences into English.1.汤姆回来了。汤姆回来了。2.3.2.汤姆昨天回来了。汤姆昨天回来了。4.3.汤姆回来一个多星期了。汤姆回来一个多星期了。Tom has come back.Tom has been back for over a week.Tom came back yesterday.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时与现在完成时的区别总结：总结：一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。一般过去时的常用时间状语：一般过去时的常用时间状语：yesterday,last week,ago,in 1980,in October,just now等，皆为具体的时间状语；等，皆为具体的时间状语；而现在完成时的常用时间状语：而现在完成时的常用时间状语：for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now 等，一般为一段时间。等，一般为一段时间。用于现在完成时的句型用于现在完成时的句型It is the first/second time that 在这个结构中的从句部分，用现在完成在这个结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。如：时。如：It is the first time that I have visited the city.This is the first time Ive heard him sing.This is+形容词最高级形容词最高级+that在这种结构中，在这种结构中，that从句要用现在完从句要用现在完成时。如：成时。如：This is the best film that Ive ever seen.translate：1.你今天下午什么时候离开学校的？你今天下午什么时候离开学校的？你离开学校多久了？你离开学校多久了？When did you leave school this afternoon?How long have you been away from school?2.他在他在1998年买了这辆自行车。年买了这辆自行车。他自从来到我们学校就买了这辆自他自从来到我们学校就买了这辆自行车。行车。He bought the bike in 1998.He has had the bike since he came to our school.3.上个月我借了这本书。上个月我借了这本书。这本书我借了一个月了。这本书我借了一个月了。I borrowed the book last month.I have kept the book for a month.高考真题高考真题C1.-_ David and Vicky _ married?-For about three years.(北京北京2003)A.How long were;being B.How long have;got C.How long have;been D.How long did;getD2.It is the most instructive lecture that I _ since I came to this school.(2011湖南湖南)A.attended B.had attended C.am attending D.have attended3.When you are home,give a call to let me know you _ safely.(2010全国课标全国课标I)A.are arriving B.have arrived C.had arrived D.will arriveB4.Up to now,the program _ thousand of children who would otherwise have died.(2010山东山东)A.would save B.saves C.had saved D.has saved D5.Progress _ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.（全国（全国高考）高考）A.wasB.had been C.has beenD.will be解析：解析：由时间状语由时间状语so far可知本句应用现在完成时。可知本句应用现在完成时。课文原文课文原文:You know,Ive seen quite a lot of China and Ive visited some beautiful cities,.C6.This is the first time we _ a film in thecinema together as a family.（陕西高考）（陕西高考）A.seeB.had seen C.sawD.have seen 解析：解析：在在This/It is the first/second.time that从句中，从句中，that从句谓语动词用现在完成时态。从句谓语动词用现在完成时态。句意为：这是第一次我们全家人一起到电影院看句意为：这是第一次我们全家人一起到电影院看电影。电影。课文原文课文原文:And this is the first time Ive visited your hometown.D 7.Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?Yes,since she _ the Chinese Society.（全国（全国高考）高考）A.has joinedB.joins C.had joinedD.joined解析解析 考查主句用现在完成时，考查主句用现在完成时，since引导的从句引导的从句用一般过去时这一结构。用一般过去时这一结构。课文原文：课文原文：It has been six years since we last saw each other,you know.D8.Sallys never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre,_?（上海高考）（上海高考）A.hasnt sheB.has she C.isnt sheD.is she 解析：解析：句中出现了否定副词句中出现了否定副词never,因此这是一个否因此这是一个否定句，故在变反意疑问句时要用肯定形式，故可排定句，故在变反意疑问句时要用肯定形式，故可排除除A、C；又因为；又因为Sallys是是Sally has的缩写，即是现的缩写，即是现在完成时态，故选在完成时态，故选has she。课文原文：课文原文：Mr.Yang,youre from Nanchang,arent you?B改改 错错1.The film has stopped for an hour.2.I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3.Kitty has bought a book since last week.4.Our manager isnt in today.He has been to Guangzhou.been overkeptgone下一页上一页主菜单had